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    Method and apparatus for testing watertightness of a railcar
    1.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for testing watertightness of a railcar 失效
    轨道车辆水密性测试方法及装置

    公开(公告)号：US5780722A

    公开(公告)日：1998-07-14

    申请号：US927856

    申请日：1997-09-11

    申请人： Paul Kovacs

    发明人： Paul Kovacs

    IPC分类号： G01M3/14 ,  G01M3/06

    CPC分类号： G01M3/146

    摘要： A method and apparatus for testing watertightness of a railcar comprises a blower fan apparatus with an exhaust duct and an exhaust outlet that can be sealed against an aperture in the railcar. The fan blower of the apparatus is capable of providing an airflow to the railcar to provide a pressure differential of between about 0.5 to about 2.5 inches of H.sub.2 O between an interior of the railcar and an exterior of the railcar. The blower is operated to provide air to the railcar to provide a pressure differential, causing bubbles to form in a liquid solution applied to the exterior surface of the railcar. The railcar is marked for subsequent repair at locations where bubbles are detected.

    摘要翻译： 用于测试轨道车辆的水密性的方法和装置包括具有排气管道的鼓风机风扇装置和能够密封在轨道车辆中的孔口上的排气出口。 该设备的鼓风机能够为轨道车提供气流，以在轨道车辆的内部和轨道车辆的外部之间提供约0.5至约2.5英寸的H 2 O之间的压力差。 操作鼓风机以向轨道车提供空气以提供压力差，从而在施加到轨道车辆的外表面的液体溶液中形成气泡。 轨道车辆被标记为在检测到气泡的位置进行后续修理。

    Device for the monitoring of ice formation
    4.
    发明授权
    Device for the monitoring of ice formation 失效
    用于监测冰层的装置

    公开(公告)号：US4538064A

    公开(公告)日：1985-08-27

    申请号：US441167

    申请日：1982-11-12

    申请人： Paul Kovacs

    发明人： Paul Kovacs

    IPC分类号： G01N21/17 ,  B64D15/20 ,  G08B19/02 ,  G01W1/00 ,  G08B21/00

    CPC分类号： B64D15/20 ,  G08B19/02 ,  F25B2700/111

    摘要： The device contains a first light source (21) that emits a continuous light and a second light source (18) that emits intermittent light, a photodiode (19) that responds to the light of both light sources and a transparent plate (14) that is located in the light path between the first light source and the photodiode and the surface of which constitutes a measuring surface for ice formation. As long as the measuring surface does not ice up and the plate remains optimally transparent, the photodiode is pushed into the area of saturation by the light rays of the first light source and the light rays of the second light source have little influence on the photocurrent. If ice forms on the measuring surface the light rays of the first light source are weakened and the photocurrent of the photocell is increasingly modulated by the light rays from the second light source. The modulated photocurrent is used as a quantitative signal for the build-up of the ice layer. As the formation of ice impairs the transparency of the plate, by experience, much more rapidly than a coating with dust, it is possible to distinguish between an accumulation of dirt and ice formation on the plate with the aid of electronic circuit that monitors the time-related decrease of transparency.

    摘要翻译： 该装置包括发射连续光的第一光源（21）和发出间歇光的第二光源（18），响应于两个光源的光的光电二极管（19）和透明板（14）， 位于第一光源和光电二极管之间的光路中，其表面构成用于形成冰的测量表面。 只要测量表面不起泡并且板保持最佳透明，则光电二极管被第一光源的光线推入饱和区域，并且第二光源的光线对光电流几乎没有影响 。 如果在测量表面上形成冰，则第一光源的光线被削弱，并且光电池的光电流越来越被来自第二光源的光线调制。 调制光电流用作积冰层的定量信号。 由于冰的形成会损害板的透明度，通过经验，比带有灰尘的涂层快得多，可以借助于监测时间的电子电路来区分板上积聚的灰尘和冰层 相关的透明度降低。

    Apparatus for testing watertightness of a railcar
    7.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for testing watertightness of a railcar 失效
    铁路车辆防水装置

    公开(公告)号：US5925816A

    公开(公告)日：1999-07-20

    申请号：US994491

    申请日：1997-12-19

    申请人： Paul Kovacs

    发明人： Paul Kovacs

    IPC分类号： G01M3/14 ,  G01M3/06

    CPC分类号： G01M3/146

    摘要： An apparatus for testing watertightness of a railcar comprises a blower fan apparatus with an exhaust duct and an exhaust outlet that can be sealed against an aperture in the railcar. The fan blower of the apparatus is capable of providing an airflow to the railcar to provide a pressure differential of between about 0.5 to about 2.5 inches of H.sub.2 O between an interior of the railcar and an exterior of the railcar. The blower is operated to provide air to the railcar to provide a pressure differential, causing bubbles to form in a liquid solution applied to the exterior surface of the railcar. The railcar is marked for subsequent repair at locations where bubbles are detected.

    摘要翻译： 用于测试轨道车辆的水密性的装置包括具有排气管道的鼓风机风扇装置和能够与轨道车辆中的孔密封的排气出口。 该设备的鼓风机能够为轨道车提供气流，以在轨道车辆的内部和轨道车辆的外部之间提供约0.5至约2.5英寸的H 2 O之间的压力差。 操作鼓风机以向轨道车提供空气以提供压力差，从而在施加到轨道车辆的外表面的液体溶液中形成气泡。 轨道车辆被标记为在检测到气泡的位置进行后续修理。

    Apparatus for and a method of monitoring the build-up of ice
    9.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for and a method of monitoring the build-up of ice 失效
    用于监测冰的积聚的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US4379227A

    公开(公告)日：1983-04-05

    申请号：US255096

    申请日：1981-04-17

    申请人： Paul Kovacs

    发明人： Paul Kovacs

    IPC分类号： B64D15/20 ,  G01W1/00

    CPC分类号： G01W1/00 ,  B64D15/20

    摘要： An apparatus for monitoring the build-up of ice on engine and plant parts encompasses a monitoring surface area and a reference surface area located on a part of such engine. There is provided a first means which heats the reference surface area to a temperature above the freezing point. A second means illuminates the reference surface area as well as the monitoring surface area. The light reflected from both these areas is led to a light receiver which emits signals which are applied to a fourth means. This fourth means determines the difference between the output signals of the light receiver and generates accordingly a control signal. This apparatus allows a safe detection of ice build-up independent from a soiling of the monitoring and/or reference surface areas.

    摘要翻译： 用于监测发动机和设备部件上的冰的积聚的装置包括监测表面区域和位于这种发动机的一部分上的参考表面区域。 提供了将参考表面积加热到高于冰点的温度的第一装置。 第二种装置照亮参考表面积以及监测表面积。 从这两个区域反射的光被引导到发射施加到第四装置的信号的光接收器。 该第四装置确定光接收器的输出信号之间的差异，从而相应地生成控制信号。 该装置允许独立于监测和/或参考表面区域的污染而安全地检测积冰。