摘要:
A method for transferring a monocrystalline, thin layer from a first substrate onto a second substrate involves epitaxial growth of a sandwich structure with a strained epitaxial layer buried below a monocrystalline thin layer, and lift-off and transfer of the monocrystalline thin layer with the cleaving controlled to happen within the buried strained layer in conjunction with the introduction of hydrogen.
摘要:
A thermosetting coating composition with enhanced flexibility and impact strength and excellent weatherability adapted for use as an automotive topcoat which upon curing forms a hard, glossy, durable coating. The coating composition comprises:(A) a modified hydroxy acrylic copolymer which is the stepwise reaction product of:(i) a copolymer bearing pendant hydroxyl groups and having a number average molecular (M.sub.n) of between about 1000-5000,(ii) a dicarboxylic acid anhydride comprising at least about 50 percent by weight of an alkyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride, and(iii) a monoepoxide functional monomer comprising at least about 90 percent by weight of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 monoepoxide functional monomer;(B) an amine-aldehyde crosslinking agent;(C) optionally a hydroxy functional additive; and(D) solvent.The anhydride is reacted in an amount sufficient to esterify at least about 30 percent of the pendant hydroxyl groups of copolymer (i) thereby generating carboxyl functionality, substantially all of which is thereafter reacted with the monoepoxide functional monomer. The amine-aldehyde crosslinking agent is included in the composition in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.60 equivalent of nitrogen crosslinking functionality per equivalent of hydroxy functionality included in the composition either as a hydroxyl group of the modified hydroxy acrylic copolymer or as a hydroxyl group of the optional hydroxy-functional additive.
摘要:
Improved powder coating compositions are disclosed which comprise a particulate mixture of (1) a qualitatively difunctional copolymer of about 5 to about 20 weight percent of a glycidyl ester of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, about 2 to about 10 weight percent of difunctional monomers selected from C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 hydroxyalkyl acrylates and C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 hydroxyalkyl methacrylates, and about 70 to about 93 weight percent monoethylenically unsaturated monomers consisting essentially of monfunctional monomers selected from the group consisting of esters of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and acrylic acid, esters of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and methacrylic acid and C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 monovinyl hydrocarbons, and (2) an anhydride crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of monomeric anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids and homopolymers of monomeric anhydries of dicarboxylic acids, the same being present in an amount such as to provide about 0.3 to about 1.2 anhydride groups for each functional group on the copolymer.
摘要:
Improved powder coating compositions are disclosed which comprise a particulate mixture of (1) a qualitatively difunctional copolymer of about 5 to about 20 weight percent of a glycidyl ester of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, about 2 to about 10 weight percent of a C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 hydroxyalkyl acrylates and C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 hydroxyalkyl methacrylates, and about 70 to about 93 weight percent monoethylenically unsaturated monomers consisting essentially of monofunctional monomers selected from the group consisting of esters of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and acrylic acid, esters of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and methacrylic acid and C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 monovinyl hydrocarbons, and (2) a crosslinking agent consisting of C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 saturated, straight chain, aliphatic, dicarboxylic acid, said crosslinking agent being present in an amount sufficient to provide about 0.8 to about 1.1 carboxyl groups per functional group (epoxy and hydroxy groups) on said copolymer.
摘要:
Improved powder coating compositions are disclosed which comprise a particulate mixture of (1) a qualitatively difunctional copolymer of about 5 to about 20 weight percent of a glycidyl ester of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, about 2 to about 10 weight percent of difunctional monomers selected from C.sub.5 - C.sub.7 hydroxyalkyl acrylates and C.sub.5 - C.sub.7 hydroxylalkyl methacrylates, and about 70 to about 93 weight percent monoethylenically unsaturated monomers consisting essentially of monofunctional monomers selected from the group consisting of esters of a C.sub.1 - C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and acrylic acid, esters of a C.sub.1 - C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and methacrylic acid and C.sub.8 - C.sub.12 monovinyl hydrocarbons, (2) an anhydride crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting ofA. monomeric anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids andB. homopolymers of monomeric anhydrides of dicarboxylic acidsAnd present in an amount that provides about 0.3 to about 1.2 anhydride groups for each functional group on said copolymer, and (3) a hydroxy carboxylic acid having a melting point in the range of about 40.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. and present in an amount such as to provide about 0.1 to about 0.4 carboxyl groups per epoxy group in said copolymer.
摘要:
Improved powder coating compositions are disclosed which comprise a particulate mixture of (1) a qualitative difunctional copolymer of about 5 to 20 weight percent of a glycidyl ester of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, about 2 to about 10 weight percent of a monomeric alpha-beta olefinically unsaturated amide and about 70 to about 93 weight percent of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers consisting essentially of monofuctional, monomers selected from the group consisting of esters of a C.sub.1 - C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and acrylic acid, esters of a C.sub.1 - C.sub.8 monohydric alcohol and methacrylic acid and C.sub.8 - C.sub.12 monovinyl hydrocarbons, (2) an anhydride crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of (a) monomeric anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids and (b) homopolymers of monomeric anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids and present in an amount that provides about 0.3 to about 1.2 anhydride groups for each functional group on said copolymer, and (3) a hydroxy carboxylic acid having a melting point in the range of about 40.degree. to about 150.degree. C. and present in an amount such as to provide about 0.1 about 0.4 carboxyl groups per functional group on said copolymer.
摘要:
Powder coating compositions are disclosed which comprise a blend of coreactable, thermosettable copolymers each of which have at least two different functional groups. Ordinarily, these polymers will be qualitatively difunctional, although they may contain more than two different functional groups, and quantitatively polyfunctional. At least one of the copolymers has epoxy functionality as one of its two or more different functionalities. Thus, in the preferred embodiments, the first copolymer of the blend has epoxy functionality and a second functionality selected from amide functionality, anhydride functionality and hydroxy functionality and is crosslinkable with the second copolymer through at least two different types of functional groups on the first copolymer. The second copolymer also is crosslinkable with the first copolymer though at least two different types of functional groups on the second copolymer and may be (a) anhydride functional and carboxy functional, (b) carboxy functional and amide functional, (c) carboxy functional and hydroxy functional, (d) epoxy functional and amide functional or (e) epoxy functional and anhydride functional. The second copolymer is advantageously employed in an amount such that its functionality of greatest concentration provides about 0.3 to about 1.2 functional groups per functional group on the first copolymer and the functionality of lesser concentration provides about 0.1 to about 0.4 functional groups per functional group on the first copolymer.
摘要:
Powder coating compositions are disclosed which comprise a blend of coreactable, thermosettable copolymers each of which have at least two different functional groups. Ordinarily, these polymers will be qualitatively difunctional, although they may contain more than two different functional groups, and quantitatively polyfunctional. At least one of the copolymers has epoxy functionality as one of its two or more different functionalities. Thus, in the preferred embodiments, the first copolymer of the blend has epoxy functionality and a second functionality selected from amide functionality, anhydride functionality and hydroxy functionality and is crosslinkable with the second copolymer through at least two different types of functional groups on the first copolymer. The second copolymer also is crosslinkable with the first copolymer through at least two different types of functional groups on the second copolymer and may be (a) anhydride functional and carboxy functional, (b) carboxy functional and amide functional, (c) carboxy functional and hydroxy functional, (d) epoxy functional and amide functional or (e) epoxy functional and anhydride functional. The second copolymer is advantageously employed in an amount such that its functionality of greatest concentration provides about 0.3 to about 1.2 functional groups per functional group on the first copolymer and the functionality of lesser concentration provides about 0.1 to about 0.4 functional groups per functional group on the first copolymer.
摘要:
Powder coating compositions are disclosed which comprise a blend of coreactable, thermosettable copolymers each of which have at least two different functional groups. Ordinarily, these polymers will be qualitatively difunctional, although they may contain more than two different functional groups, and quantitatively polyfunctional. At least one of the copolymers has epoxy functionality as one of its two or more different functionalities. Thus, in the preferred embodiments, the first copolymer of the blend has epoxy functionality and a second functionality selected from amide functionality, anhydride functionality and hydroxy functionality and is crosslinkable with the second copolymer through at least two different types of functional groups on the first copolymer. The second copolymer also is crosslinkable with the first copolymer through at least two different types of functional groups on the second copolymer and may be (a) anhydride functional and carboxy functional, (b) carboxy functional and amide functional, (c) carboxy functional and hydroxy functional, (d) epoxy functional and amide functional or (e) epoxy functional and anhydride functional. The second copolymer is advantageously employed in an amount such that its functionality of greatest concentration provides about 0.3 to about 1.2 functional groups per functional group on the first copolymer and the functionality of lesser concentration provides about 0.1 to about 0.4 functional groups per functional group on the first copolymer.
摘要:
Powder coating compositions are disclosed which, exclusive of pigments and non-reactive components, comprise a coreactive mixture of: (A) a copolymer of between about 8 and about 30 weight percent of a glycidyl ester of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid and between about 92 and about 70 weight percent of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, said copolymer having a glass transition temperature in the range of 40.degree. to 90.degree.C and a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of between about 2500 and about 8500; and (B) a phenolic hydroxy terminated compound in the amount of between about 0.8 and 1.2 phenolic hydroxy groups for each epoxy group in the copolymer.