Abstract:
An optical sheet to be used for a back light unit of a liquid crystal display having at least a lamp and a light guiding plate has the following structure. The optical sheet is constituted by a lower base portion and an upper fitting portion which are fitted each other in a vertical direction with less margin, and the base portion and the fitting portion are formed of materials having different refractive indices. The base portion is provided with a large number of triangular portions having a triangular sectional shape in parallel, the triangular portion having a first side surface positioned on the left side and a second side surface positioned on the right side. Moreover, the first side surface of the triangular portion has an angle which is equal to or greater than an angle formed between a direction taking a peak of a ray refracted and incident on an inside of the base portion through a light guiding plate and the transverse direction. Furthermore, a direction taking a peak of a ray refracted and incident on the fitting portion through the second side surface of the base portion is caused to more approach a just upward direction than a direction taking a peak of a ray transmitted to the second side surface through the inside of the base portion.
Abstract:
A liquid crystal device containing an orientation film. The orientation film is made by building up at least one mixed monomolecular film on a substrate having an electrode layer thereon. The mixed monomolecular film is obtained by spreading on a water surface a mixture of:(a) an amphiphilic high-molecular weight substance having a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 300,000, which contains a repeating unit (I): ##STR1## wherein at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represents a group having benzenoid unsaturation and at least 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent C.sub.1-30 aliphatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent group including an alicyclic group and an aliphatic group having up to 30 carbon atoms in total, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent group composed of an aromatic group and an aliphatic group having up to 30 carbon atoms in total, the substituent being one of a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group, a cyano group, a methoxy group, and an acetoxy group; at least one of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6, is a C.sub.1-11 group other than those above or a hydrogen atom;(b) an amphiliphilic high-molecular weight substance having a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 300,000, which contains a repeating unit (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are as defined above, at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1-11 group other than those above or a hydrogen atom; and(c) at least one low-molecular weight substance. The (a)/(b)/(c) mixing ratio is arbitrary. The film is subject to heat to cause cyclization.
Abstract:
An element of liquid crystal display including an orientation film. The orientation film is obtained by building up at least one monomolecular film on a substrate having thereon at least an electrode layer. The monomolecular film is formed by spreading an amphiphilic high-molecular weight substance having a number average molecular weight of from 2,000 to 300,000 having a repeating unit represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic group having from 12 to 30 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 represents at least one group selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## on a water surface, and subjecting the built-up film to a heat treatment to cause cyclization.
Abstract:
A continuous process for producing reinforced resin laminates comprising the steps of impregnating a fibrous substrate with a liquid resin which is free of volatile solvent and is capable of curing without generating liquid and gaseous byproducts, laminating a plurality of the resin-impregnated substrates into a unitary member, sandwiching the laminate between a pair of covering sheets, and curing the laminate between said pair of covering sheets without applying appreciable pressure. The improvement comprises adjusting the final resin content in said resin impregnated substrate at 10 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of said impregnated substrate.
Abstract:
A method of producing cyclopentene comprising the steps of depolymerizing dicyclopentadiene to produce raw cyclopentadiene; feeding the raw cyclopentadiene to a distillation tower having an upper part cooled to a temperature near the boiling point of the cyclopentadiene and an outlet maintained at 35.degree. to 60.degree. C and a lower part at a temperature of 40.degree. to 150.degree. C; thereby to produce highly pure gaseous cyclopentadiene at the top outlet and impure components having high boiling point at the lower outlet which are removed continuously; mixing the highly pure cyclopentadiene obtained thereby with hydrogen and reacting in a first hydrogenation reactor using a palladium containing catalyst, then mixing the resulting product with hydrogen and reacting in a second hydrogenation reactor with a palladium containing catalyst; cooling the resulting product and separating the liquid phase from the gas phase and recirculating the gas phase for use in the hydrogenation reactions.
Abstract:
To treat waste containing harmful metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, etc., the waste is mixed with a treating agent containing, as the essential constituent component, solid acid(s) and/or cement and additionally a caking inhibitor, kneaded with water where necessary, then solidified by curing. Harmful metals are thereby stabilized in the thus-solidified cakes and are not released therefrom.
Abstract:
A method for solidifying industrial waste containing various toxic metals and other substances without fail and stabilizing the waste so as to prevent the toxic metals, particularly lead, from leaching out. The method comprises mixing a waste containing calcium compounds such as hydroxide, oxide and chloride of calcium with a treatment mainly comprising water glass, adding, if necessary, water hereto to adjust the total water content to 25-75 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the waste, kneading the resultant mixture, and aging the same for at least 6 hours in a temperature range of 40.degree. to 100.degree. C., preferably by utilizing the waste heat of a waste incinerator.
Abstract:
An amphiphilic polyimide precursor having at least 70% by mole of the recurring unit of the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a tetravalent group having at least 2 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a bivalent group having at least 2 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are hydrogen atom or a monovalent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms selected from an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an aromatic group, a group in which an aliphatic group is combined with an alicyclic group or an aromatic group, and their groups substituted by a halogen atom, nitro group, amino group, cyano group, methoxy group or acetoxyl group, provided that at least one, preferably at least two, of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are hydrobolic monomolecular group 12 to 30 carbon atoms, the polyimide precursor being able to form a built-up film on substrates according to the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and being able to be converted into polyimide by heat treatment to provide an ultrathin film of polyimide having a thickness of not more than 10,000 .ANG. and excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical property and electric characteristics.
Abstract:
An electroluminescent device comprising a first electrode, a radiating layer adjacent to the first electrode, a second electrode and an organic thin film provided between the radiating layer and the second electrode, wherein the radiating layer is a polycrystalline thin film made of a II-IV compound. The provision of the organic thin film causes the electroluminescent device to have a high level of brightness, although it is driven at a low voltage. This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 235,788 filed Aug. 22, 1988, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 842,607 filed Mar. 21, 1986, now abandoned.
Abstract:
An amphiphilic polyimide precursor having at least 70% by mole of the recurring unit of the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a tetravalent group having at least 2 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a bivalent group having at least 2 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are hydrogen atom or a monovalent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms selected from an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an aromatic group, a group in which an aliphatic group is combined with an alicyclic group or an aromatic group, and their groups substituted by a halogen atom, nitro group, amino group, cyano group, methoxy group or acetoxyl group, provided that at least one, preferably at least two, of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are hydrophobic monomolecular groups having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, the polyamide precursor being able to form a built-up film on substrates according to the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and being able to be converted into polyimide by heat treatment to provide an ultrathin film of of polyimide having a thickness of not more than 10,000 .ANG. and excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical property and electric characteristics.