摘要:
A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device is provided as follows. The nonvolatile memory device includes memory blocks each of which has word lines. A setup voltage is applied to the word lines. A word line voltage is applied to a first word line selected from the word lines. Recovery voltages are applied to the word lines. Each recovery voltage is applied to at least one corresponding word line of the word lines. The recovery voltages have different voltage levels from each other.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are a refrigerating apparatus and a method of controlling the same. The method includes lowering a temperature in a storage chamber to a freezing point temperature zone by adjusting cold air supplied to the storage chamber, and lowering the temperature in the storage chamber to a temperature below a freezing point by increasing an amount of the cold air supplied to the storage chamber, when it is determined that a temperature of articles stored in the storage chamber is stabilized in the freezing point temperature zone by the cold air. When the surface temperature and the center temperature of the stored articles are cooled close to the freezing point and are then cooled again to the freezing temperature below the freezing point, super-cooling of the stored articles is carried out for a short time, the surfaces and the centers of the stored articles start to freeze simultaneously.
摘要:
A refrigerator and a control method of the refrigerator are discussed. According to an embodiment, a control method of a refrigerator connected to an electric power management network comprises steps of receiving power-rate information via the electric power management network; setting an over-cooling period and a power-saving period based on the received power-rate information; controlling at east one storage chamber to be over-cooled by over-cooling cold air during the over-cooling period; and controlling the other storage chamber to be over-cooled by the over-cooled cold air during the power-saving period. According to the present invention, the functions of the refrigerator are provided with minimal use of electricity and/or with reduced electricity charges.
摘要:
A semiconductor device and method are disclosed in which an interlayer insulating layer is patterned using multiple overlaying masks to define the geometry of contact plugs and corresponding wiring layers separated by fine pitches.
摘要:
A semiconductor device has a structure of contacts whose size and pitch are finer that those that can be produced under the resolution provided by conventional photolithography. The contact structure includes a semiconductor substrate, an interlayer insulating layer disposed on the substrate, annular spacers situated in the interlayer insulating layer, first contacts surrounded by the spacers, and a second contact buried in the interlayer insulating layer between each adjacent pair of the first spacers. The contact structure is formed by forming first contact holes in the interlayer insulating layer, forming the spacers over the sides of the first contact holes to leave second contact holes within the first contact holes, etching the interlayer insulating layer from between the spacers using the first spacers as an etch mask to form third contact holes, and filling the first and second contact holes with conductive material. In this way, the pitch of the contacts can be half that of the first contact holes.
摘要:
Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for screen display in a digital broadcast receiver for receiving moving picture contents. The method includes: receiving head-end side data including configuration data of lattice-type moving picture contents sent via a broadcasting network, and converting the received head-end side data into content picture configuration data; editing the content picture configuration data and configuring a curved-type circular selection picture so as to display the edited content picture configuration data through the curved-type circular selection picture on a display means of a user terminal; and displaying the configured curved-type circular selection picture containing the moving picture contents on the display means of the user terminal.
摘要:
In a control method of a refrigerator having a storage chamber for aging of meat, an operation to keep the storage chamber at an aging temperature and an operation to cool the storage chamber to a cooling temperature lower than the aging temperature are repeated. This enables optimal aging of meat via an aging time and aging temperature suitable for meat.
摘要:
A method and apparatus to detect a defective sector include features of determining a first error value by counting the number of error symbols in first data read from a sector by using a head in an on-track state, and reading second data from the sector by off-tracking the head in a positive direction and third data from the sector by off-tracking the head in a negative direction in response to the first error value being equal to or greater than a first threshold value. Additionally, a second error value is determined based on the number of error symbols in the read second data and a third error value is determined based on the number of error symbols in the read third data. Accordingly, the sector is determined to have a defect by comparing an average of the second and third error values to a second threshold value.