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公开(公告)号：US20090306454A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-10
申请号：US12083586
申请日：2006-05-03
申请人： Kimberly P. Cockerham , Harvey A. Fishman , Anthony Liu , Alissa M. Fitzgeral , Dorian Liepmann , Benjamin W. Chul , Michael F. Marmor , Wentai Liu , Juan G. Santiago
发明人： Kimberly P. Cockerham , Harvey A. Fishman , Anthony Liu , Alissa M. Fitzgeral , Dorian Liepmann , Benjamin W. Chul , Michael F. Marmor , Wentai Liu , Juan G. Santiago
CPC分类号： A61N1/36067 , A61M5/14276 , A61M2205/0244 , A61M2210/0612 , A61N1/0543 , A61N1/36017 , A61N1/36046 , A61N1/37205 , A61N1/37288 , A61N1/375 , A61N1/3787
摘要： Devices, systems and methods are provided for directly stimulating tissues, particularly muscle tissues, to modulate muscle contractions (i.e. provide reanimation of the muscle or to suppress undesired muscle contractions). Reanimation of muscles may be desired when damage to the brain, nervous system or neuromuscular junctions have occurred, causing a muscle tissue to lack sufficient motor control. Suppression of muscle contractions may be desired in situations of pathologically hyperactive muscles, such as in conditions of muscle spasm (e.g. blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm) or muscle dystonia. Direct stimulation is achieved by delivering a chemical agent directly to the muscle tissue, particularly the motor end plate, bypassing the nerves and neuromuscular junctions which may be damaged or diseased. Implanted hybrid chemical and electromagnetic stimulation devices can modulate muscle contraction in response to signals from a controller.
摘要翻译： 提供装置，系统和方法用于直接刺激组织，特别是肌肉组织，以调节肌肉收缩（即，提供肌肉的再生或抑制不需要的肌肉收缩）。 当发生对脑，神经系统或神经肌肉接头的损伤时，可能需要恢复肌肉，导致肌肉组织缺乏足够的运动控制。 在病理性活动过度肌肉的情况下，例如肌肉痉挛（例如睑痉挛和半面肌痉挛）或肌肉肌张力障碍的情况下，可能需要抑制肌肉收缩。 直接刺激通过将化学药剂直接递送到肌肉组织，特别是马达端板，绕过可能被损坏或患病的神经和神经肌肉接头来实现。 植入式混合化学和电磁刺激装置可以响应于来自控制器的信号来调节肌肉收缩。
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公开(公告)号：US07556621B2
公开(公告)日：2009-07-07
申请号：US11156069
申请日：2005-06-17
IPC分类号： A61M35/00
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 , A61M5/14276 , A61M2205/0244 , A61M2205/3306 , A61M2210/0612 , A61N1/36046
摘要： An optically controlled microfluidic chip is provided for administering a fluid to a neuronal site. The chip is made of at least one unit or pixel, each of which constitutively emits fluid in the dark, and reduces emission of fluid in response to light. The individual pixels are capable of being individually controlled, thereby translating a spatial pattern of incident light into a spatial pattern of neuronal stimulation. Each pixel contains a housing, an aperture in the housing, and a reservoir containing fluid that is connected to the aperture. The aperture is designed to allow continuous emission of fluid from the reservoir through the aperture when the pixel is in the dark. Each pixel also includes an optical control, which reduces the emission of fluid from the reservoir through the aperture in response to light.
摘要翻译： 提供光学控制的微流体芯片用于向神经元部位施用流体。 芯片由至少一个单元或像素制成，每个单元或像素在黑暗中组成性地发射流体，并且减少响应于光的流体的排放。 各个像素能够被单独控制，从而将入射光的空间图案转换成神经元刺激的空间图案。 每个像素包含壳体，壳体中的孔，以及包含连接到孔的流体的容器。 孔被设计成当像素处于黑暗中时允许通过孔径从储存器连续排出流体。 每个像素还包括光学控制器，其响应于光而减少从储存器通过孔径的流体的排放。
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公开(公告)号：US07255871B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-14
申请号：US10431334
申请日：2003-05-06
CPC分类号： C12N5/0068 , A61L27/50 , A61L2400/12 , A61L2400/18 , B82Y5/00 , C12M23/12 , C12M23/20 , C12N2533/10 , C40B40/02
摘要： A nanotube mat is provided with an array of conduits to support, direct growth, select or interface one or more biological cells or cell processes. The carbon nanotube mat provides mechanical stability, is biocompatible, will support cell growth, can desirably be derivatized with growth factors, molecules, nutrients, inhibitory factors, ligands, transduction molecules or morphogenic factors, and would allow the formation of conduits to guide cells and cell extensions to be hosted or grown. The conduits could take any size or shape to support, direct growth, select or interface one or more cells or processes. In general the conduits could be channels, discontinuous channels, tapered channels or walls. The nanotube mat could be used to interface biological cells with other cells, tissue or structures that have electrical, mechanical, magnetic means, or optical means. The nanotube mat could also incorporate chemicals, analytes, drugs, lips, carbohydrates, secretory products or the like.
摘要翻译： 纳米管垫被提供有一系列管道以支持，直接生长，选择或接合一个或多个生物细胞或细胞过程。 碳纳米管垫提供机械稳定性，是生物相容的，将支持细胞生长，可以期望地被生长因子，分子，营养物，抑制因子，配体，转导分子或形态发生因子衍生，并且将允许形成导管以引导细胞和 单元格扩展名被托管或增长。 导管可以采取任何尺寸或形状来支持，直接生长，选择或接合一个或多个细胞或过程。 通常，导管可以是通道，不连续通道，锥形通道或壁。 纳米管垫可用于将生物细胞与具有电，机械，磁性装置或光学装置的其它细胞，组织或结构相接触。 纳米管垫也可以掺入化学品，分析物，药物，嘴唇，碳水化合物，分泌产物等。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06939378B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US09872513
申请日：2001-06-01
申请人： Harvey A. Fishman , Mark Blumenkranz , Stacey Francine Bent , Christina Lee , Philip Huie, Jr. , Daniel V. Palanker
发明人： Harvey A. Fishman , Mark Blumenkranz , Stacey Francine Bent , Christina Lee , Philip Huie, Jr. , Daniel V. Palanker
CPC分类号： A61F2/14 , A61L27/3604 , A61L27/3813 , A61L27/3839
摘要： Methods and apparatus for modifying membranous tissue, growing cells on modified membranous tissue, and for transplantation of modified tissues and modified tissues with attached cells are provided. In particular, the invention provides methods and apparatus for modifying membranous tissue such as lens capsule tissue and inner limiting membrane tissue, for growing cells such as iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cells and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells on modified membranous tissue, and for modifying membranous tissue and growing cells on biodegradable polymer substrates. A method of modifying membranous tissues comprises depositing micropatterns of biomolecules onto membranous tissue with a contacting surface such as a stamp; other methods include mechanical ablation, photoablation, ion beam ablation, and modification of membranous tissues via the action of proteolytic enzymes.
摘要翻译： 提供了修饰膜组织，在修饰的膜组织上生长细胞，以及用于移植修饰的组织和经连接的细胞的修饰组织的方法和装置。 特别地，本发明提供了用于在改良的膜组织上生长诸如虹膜色素上皮（IPE）细胞和视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞的细胞的膜组织例如晶状体囊组织和内限制膜组织的方法和装置，以及 用于修饰可生物降解的聚合物基质上的膜组织和生长细胞。 修饰膜组织的方法包括用生物分子的微图案沉积在膜组织上，其中接触表面例如印记; 其他方法包括机械消融，光消融，离子束消融，以及通过蛋白水解酶的作用修饰膜组织。
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5.发明授权Interface for making spatially resolved electrical contact to neural cells in a biological neural network 有权用于在生物神经网络中对神经细胞进行空间解析的电接触的界面公开(公告)号：US07058455B2
公开(公告)日：2006-06-06
申请号：US10742584
申请日：2003-12-19
IPC分类号： A61N1/05
CPC分类号： A61B5/0478 , A61B5/04001 , A61N1/0543 , A61N1/36046
摘要： An interface for selective excitation or sensing of neural cells in a biological neural network is provided. The interface includes a membrane with a number of channels passing through the membrane. Each channel has at least one electrode within it. Neural cells in the biological neural network grow or migrate into the channels, thereby coming into close proximity to the electrodes.Once one or more neural cells have grown or migrated into a channel, a voltage applied to the electrode within the channel selectively excites the neural cell (or cells) in that channel. The excitation of these neural cell(s) will then transmit throughout the neural network (i.e. cells and axons) that is associated with the neural cell(s) stimulated in the channel.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种生物神经网络中选择性激发或感应神经细胞的界面。 界面包括具有穿过膜的多个通道的膜。 每个通道内至少有一个电极。 生物神经网络中的神经细胞生长或迁移到通道中，从而接近电极。 一旦一个或多个神经细胞已经生长或迁移到通道中，施加到通道内的电极的电压选择性地激发该通道中的神经细胞（或细胞）。 然后，这些神经细胞的激发将通过与通道中刺激的神经细胞相关联的神经网络（即细胞和轴突）传递。
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公开(公告)号：US5310463A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-10
申请号：US975850
申请日：1992-11-13
CPC分类号： G01N30/606 , G01N30/16 , G01N30/6039 , G01N2030/162 , G01N2030/285 , G01N2030/8435 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/6034
摘要： An electrophoretic or chromatographic separation capillary containing a fluid defines a bore therein through which a sample travels and separates into components. The tube has a side wall defining a through hole therein which is surrounded by a medium including a substance. The substance is introduced into the capillary through the hole by means of gravity, pressure or electroosmosis. The substance introduced may be used to label sample components to enhance detection, or to enhance separation of sample components.
摘要翻译： 含有流体的电泳或色谱分离毛细管限定了一个孔，样品通过该孔穿过并分离成组分。 管具有限定其中的通孔的侧壁，该通孔被包括物质的介质包围。 物质通过重力，压力或电沉积通过孔引入毛细管中。 引入的物质可用于标记样品组分以增强检测，或增强样品组分的分离。
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公开(公告)号：US5318680A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-07
申请号：US847176
申请日：1992-03-06
CPC分类号： G01N30/6039 , G01N27/44717 , G01N27/44773 , G01N30/16 , G01N2030/027 , G01N2030/162 , G01N2030/285 , G01N2030/8435 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/6034
摘要： An on-column derivatization scheme where a liquid or solid labeling reagent is provided in a capillary to react chemically with a sample in order to label the sample. Electrophoretic separation may be carried out immediately thereafter to simplify the derivatization, separation and detection process. By localizing the labeling process to a small area within the capillary, fast kinetics and high reaction yield are achieved.
摘要翻译： 柱内衍生方案，其中在毛细管中提供液体或固体标记试剂以与样品进行化学反应以标记样品。 此后可以进行电泳分离，以简化衍生化，分离和检测过程。 通过将标记过程定位在毛细管内的一个小区域，实现了快速动力学和高反应产率。
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8.发明授权System for sample detection with compensation for difference in sensitivity to detection of components moving at different velocities 失效用于样本检测的系统，补偿灵敏度差异，检测以不同速度运动的分量
公开(公告)号：US5503994A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-02
申请号：US134290
申请日：1993-10-08
IPC分类号： G01N27/447 , G01N30/00 , G01N30/62 , G01N30/74 , G01N35/08 , G01N21/00 , C12Q1/68 , G01N21/64
CPC分类号： G01N27/44721 , G01N30/62 , G01N30/0005 , G01N30/74 , G01N35/085 , Y10T436/118339
摘要： In many separation techniques, such as field flow fractionation, liquid chromatography and electro-phoresis, chemical species form bands that migrate at different velocities. If the data-digitization rate and excitation intensity are both set to be optimal for the fastest migrating band, to compensate for different band velocities, both the data-digitization rate and the excitation intensity are decreased as a function of time by a factor equal to the migration time of the fastest migrating band to the separation time.
摘要翻译： 在许多分离技术，如场流分馏，液相色谱和电泳法中，化学物质形成以不同速度迁移的条带。 如果数据数字化速率和激励强度都被设置为对于最快迁移频带是最佳的，为了补偿不同的频带速度，数据数字化速率和激励强度作为时间的函数被减少一个因子等于 最快迁移频段到分离时间的迁移时间。
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公开(公告)号：US07147865B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-12
申请号：US10713565
申请日：2003-11-13
申请人： Harvey A. Fishman , David Bloom , Stacey F. Bent , Mark C. Peterman , Jaan Noolandi , Neville Mehenti
发明人： Harvey A. Fishman , David Bloom , Stacey F. Bent , Mark C. Peterman , Jaan Noolandi , Neville Mehenti
IPC分类号： A61F2/14
CPC分类号： G06N3/061 , A61N1/0543 , A61N1/30 , A61N1/326 , A61N1/36046 , C12N5/0619 , C12N2503/00 , C12N2535/10
摘要： Devices and methods are provided for administering a fluid to a neuronal site. The device comprises a reservoir, an aperture in fluid connection to the reservoir, and electrical means for moving to the fluid to or through the aperture. The electrical means may take the form of electroosmotic force, piezoelectric movement of a diaphragm or electrolysis of a solution. The electrical means may be external to the host, implanted in the host or may be photodiodes activated by light, particularly where the neuronal site is associated with the retina.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于向神经元部位施用流体的装置和方法。 该装置包括储存器，与储存器流体连接的孔，以及用于将流体移动到或穿过孔的电气装置。 电气装置可以采取电渗力的形式，隔膜的压电运动或溶液的电解。 电气装置可以在宿主外部，植入宿主中，或者可以是由光激活的光电二极管，特别是在神经元部位与视网膜相关联的地方。
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公开(公告)号：US07001608B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-21
申请号：US10184210
申请日：2002-06-27
IPC分类号： A61F2/14
CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 , A61N1/0543 , A61N1/326 , C12M35/00 , C12M35/02 , C12M35/08 , C12N5/0619 , C12N2503/00 , C12N2535/10
摘要： The invention provides microfabricated devices and methods for directing the growth of a cell process to form an artificial synapse. The devices are called artificial synapse chips. The artificial synapse comprises a nanofabricated aperture (about 50–100 nm in size) that connects the cell process to a chemical or electrical means of neuronal excitation. Such an aperture width mimics the length scales of a natural synapse and thus emphasizes the localized spatial relationship between a neuron and a stimulation source. The invention further provides devices and methods for regenerating a nerve fiber into an electrode. The invention thus provides a regeneration electrode that uses a novel neural interface for stimulation and that uses novel surface methods for directing neuronal growth making possible in vivo connection of the devices to neural circuitry in a retina and other anatomical locations.
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