摘要:
An integrated optics polarization state converter comprises optically in series a first TM.sub.0 to TM.sub.1 mode converter that is substantially transparent to TE.sub.0, a concatenation of total internal reflectors and a second TM.sub.0 to TM.sub.1 converter, similarly substantially transparent to TE.sub.0, which is connected the way round so as to operate as a TM.sub.1 to TM.sub.0 converter. Each TM.sub.0 to TM.sub.1 converter may comprise a tandem arrangement of a 2.times.2 TE.sub.0 /TM.sub.0 polarization beam splitting coupler and a mismatched, 3 dB maximum, 2.times.2 beam splitting coupler. The place of the TM.sub.0 to TM.sub.1 converters substantially transparent to TE.sub.0 may be taken by TE.sub.0 to TE.sub.1 converters substantially transparent to TM.sub.0.
摘要:
A technique for achieving a substantially planar structure incorporating embedded vapor phase epitaxial growth involves the use of a window-frame shaped mask 40 of epitaxial growth resistant material to define a well in which embedded growth is to occur, and subsequently to ease mask registration problems in the location of a mask 60 employed while selectively removing unwanted material epitaxially grown on regions surrounding the well. Complementary format structures may also be formed in which epitaxial growth is provided up the sides of a mesa to substantially the same height as material grown on top of the mesa itself.
摘要:
A photo-detector includes a photoconductor comprised by a structure similaro a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) but with the gate removed and the layer of high band gap thinned in order to reduce noise. On a semi-insulating substrate (8), an n-channel layer (9) is disposed and on channel layer (9) is disposed on n.sup.+ layer (7). Light incident on the n.sup.+ layer (7) causes electron-hole pairs to be generated in layer 9, the electrons and holes of which migrate to oppositely biased contact regions 10 and 11 respectively. The photoconductor is monolithically integrated with an HEMT (TI) (FIG. 3, FIG. 4 or FIG. 6) the latter comprising a pre-amplifier for a receiver circuit. In dependence on the materials chosen the photo-detector may be employed to detect wavelengths of the order of
摘要:
An integrated circuit incorporates a PIN diode connected to the gate of an FET. The semiconductor layers used to construct the diode are also the layers used to construct the FET, and provide a relatively low capacitance per unit area for the diode compared with that of the gate of the FET.
摘要:
A planar dispersion compensator for an optical signal is provided. The compensator decomposes an inputted optical signal into N component signals separated by a fractional wavelength &dgr;&lgr;. Each component signal has its path-length adjusted to induce a sufficient phase shift between input and output to change the group delay of the optical signal when recombined from each of the component signals. In this manner, pulse broadening can be compensated by selectively varying the induced phase shifts to produce the desired level of opposite group delay. Portions of the substrate of the planar waveguide are removed to improve thermal responsiveness of the path-length adjustment means.
摘要:
The saturation effects observed in an MQW electro-absorption modulator are reduced by modifying the composition of the MQW structure so that the barrier layers, that are interleaved with the quantum well layers, are in tension.
摘要:
A coupled waveguide injection laser is provided with two waveguiding ridges (36,37 or 60,61) that are configured such that the coupling between them produces a first order supermode for which a signal current modulation produces optical amplitude modulation with substantially no attendant frequency modulation. In a related structure the configuration affords the facility of providing for the zero order supermode optical frequency modulation with substantially no attendant amplitude modulation.
摘要:
Porous silica doped with zinc is used as a p-type dopant source in the construction of rib lasers. This is preferable to the method used in the parent case of growing a zinc doped layer because epitaxial growth is liable to be accompanied by zinc diffusion into regions where it is not required. Other modifications include allowing the zinc diffusion to go right through the active layer and to dimension the device so that lateral optical guidance is unaffected by the rib.
摘要:
Porous silica doped with zinc is used as a p-type dopant source in the construction of rib lasers. Other modifications include allowing the zinc diffusion to go right through the active layer and to dimension the device so that lateral optical guidance is unaffected by the rib.
摘要:
A double heterostructure injection laser has its active layer close to the surface. A rib protruding from that surface provides lateral optical confinement of laser radiation propagating in the active layer under the rib.