公开(公告)号：US08627175B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-07

申请号：US12891490

申请日：2010-09-27

申请人： Ara Patapoutian ,  Bernardo Rub ,  Bruce D. Buch

发明人： Ara Patapoutian ,  Bernardo Rub ,  Bruce D. Buch

IPC分类号： G11C29/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/1008 ,  G06F11/1048 ,  G11C16/26 ,  G11C29/844 ,  H03M13/1108 ,  H03M13/1111 ,  H03M13/3707 ,  H03M13/45 ,  H03M13/451 ,  H03M13/458

摘要： Approaches for decoding data read from memory cells of a nonvolatile, solid state memory involve attempting to decode hard data using a hard decoding process prior to a time that soft data is available to the decoder. The hard data includes information about the digital symbols stored in the memory cells without data confidence information. The soft data includes information about the digital symbols stored in the memory cells and data confidence information. In response to the hard decoding process failing to achieve convergence, after the soft data becomes available to the decoder, the soft data is decoded using a soft decoding process. The decoder generates an output of the decoded data after the hard decoding process or the soft decoding process achieves convergence.

摘要翻译： 用于解码从非易失性固态存储器的存储器单元读取的数据的方法包括在软数据可用于解码器的时间之前尝试使用硬解码处理对硬数据进行解码。 硬数据包括关于存储在存储器单元中的数字符号的信息，而没有数据置信度信息。 软数据包括关于存储在存储单元中的数字符号和数据置信度的信息。 响应于难以实现收敛的硬解码处理，在软数据变得可用于解码器之后，使用软解码处理解码软数据。 在硬解码处理或软解码处理实现收敛之后，解码器生成解码数据的输出。

公开(公告)号：US20110296272A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-01

申请号：US12790120

申请日：2010-05-28

申请人： Bernardo Rub ,  Ara Patapoutian ,  Arvind Sridharan ,  Bruce D. Buch

发明人： Bernardo Rub ,  Ara Patapoutian ,  Arvind Sridharan ,  Bruce D. Buch

IPC分类号： H03M13/29 ,  G06F11/10

CPC分类号： G06F11/1012

摘要： Outer code words can span multiple data blocks, multiple die, or multiple chips of a memory device to protect against errors in the data stored in the blocks, die and/or chips. A solid state memory device is arranged in multiple data blocks, each block including an array of memory cells arranged in a plurality of pages. The data is encoded into inner code words and symbol-based outer code words. The inner code words and the symbol-based outer code words are stored in the memory cells of the multiple blocks. One or more inner code words are stored in each page of each block and one or more symbols of each outer code word are stored in at least one page of each block. The inner code words and the outer code words are read from the memory device and are used to correct the errors in the data.

摘要翻译： 外码字可以跨越存储器设备的多个数据块，多个芯片或多个芯片，以防止存储在块，芯片和/或芯片中的数据中的错误。 固态存储器件被布置在多个数据块中，每个块包括以多页布置的存储器单元的阵列。 数据被编码成内码字和基于符号的外码字。 内码字和基于符号的外码字被存储在多个块的存储单元中。 一个或多个内部码字被存储在每个块的每个页面中，并且每个外部码字的一个或多个符号被存储在每个块的至少一个页面中。 内部码字和外部码字从存储器件读取并用于校正数据中的错误。

公开(公告)号：US06804805B2

公开(公告)日：2004-10-12

申请号：US09891688

申请日：2001-06-26

申请人： Bernardo Rub

发明人： Bernardo Rub

IPC分类号： H03M1329

CPC分类号： H03M13/29 ,  G11B20/1426 ,  G11B20/1833 ,  H03M13/1515 ,  H03M13/2903 ,  H03M13/35

摘要： An encoder and method of encoding data words are provided, which map a block of at least one of the data words into an error correction code (ECC) code word. The ECC code word is defined by a plurality of multiple-bit ECC symbols which are separated by boundaries. Bit patterns are constrained from occurring in the ECC code word based on a relative location of the bit patterns to the boundaries.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种对数据字进行编码和编码的方法，其将至少一个数据字的块映射成纠错码（ECC）码字。 ECC代码字由被边界分隔的多个多比特ECC符号定义。 基于比特模式相对于边界的相对位置，限制了码模式发生在ECC码字中。

公开(公告)号：US5966262A

公开(公告)日：1999-10-12

申请号：US829642

申请日：1997-03-31

申请人： Barret J. Brickner ,  Jaekyun Moon ,  Bernardo Rub

发明人： Barret J. Brickner ,  Jaekyun Moon ,  Bernardo Rub

IPC分类号： G11B5/012 ,  G11B20/10 ,  G11B5/035

CPC分类号： G11B20/10009 ,  G11B5/012

摘要： An information handling system, such as a magnetic disk drive, includes a data channel which has a method and apparatus for detecting binary symbols from a received signal occurring at high data rates. The data channel includes a detector that has two inputs. The detector has a first portion which determines a first estimate of a binary input. The second portion, operating in parallel with the first portion, determines two conditional estimates for a second binary input. The estimate for the second binary input is selected after the first estimate is determined. The first and second estimates for the first and second binary inputs are then output from the detector. Each of the first and second portions of the detector uses a three dimensional observation space with orthogonal coordinate axes. Each of three consecutive synchronous observation samples of the received signal corresponding unambiguously to an axis in the observation space. A decision feedback equalizer removes intersymbol interference terms associated with prior detector outputs. Each detector portion uses a plurality of linear classifiers to partition the observation space. The second and/or third sample of the equivalent channel response is constrained relative to the first for the purpose of simplifying the linear classifiers. Boolean logic functions to decide into which decision region of the observation space a sample maps into. Advantageously, the detector runs at a frequency that is half the frequency of the remaining portions of the read channel.

摘要翻译： 诸如磁盘驱动器之类的信息处理系统包括数据通道，该数据通道具有从高数据速率发生的接收信号中检测二进制符号的方法和装置。 数据通道包括一个具有两个输入的检测器。 检测器具有确定二进制输入的第一估计的第一部分。 与第一部分并行操作的第二部分确定用于第二二进制输入的两个条件估计。 在确定第一估计之后选择第二二进制输入的估计。 然后从检测器输出第一和第二二进制输入的第一和第二估计。 检测器的第一和第二部分中的每一个使用具有正交坐标轴的三维观察空间。 接收信号的三个连续同步观测样本中的每一个明确地对应于观测空间中的轴。 决策反馈均衡器去除与现有检测器输出相关联的符号间干扰项。 每个检测器部分使用多个线性分类器来分割观察空间。 为了简化线性分类器，等效信道响应的第二和/或第三样本相对于第一样本被约束。 布尔逻辑函数用于决定样本映射到的观测空间的决定区域。 有利地，检测器以读取通道的剩余部分的频率的一半的频率运行。

公开(公告)号：US5278703A

公开(公告)日：1994-01-11

申请号：US719885

申请日：1991-06-21

申请人： Bernardo Rub ,  Robert Frame ,  John E. DeRoo ,  Samuel B. Skraly ,  Anne Solli

发明人： Bernardo Rub ,  Robert Frame ,  John E. DeRoo ,  Samuel B. Skraly ,  Anne Solli

IPC分类号： G11B20/10 ,  G11B20/12 ,  G11B20/14 ,  G11B5/09

CPC分类号： G11B20/1258 ,  G11B20/10 ,  G11B20/1403 ,  G11B2020/1282

摘要： A data processing system records information on magnetic disks in a format in which sector headers, which include embedded servo information, are radially aligned and recorded at a single frequency and data are recorded at various band-related frequencies. The system records sector headers at a frequency which is optimal for the recording of address information in the shortest sector and records the data at frequencies which are optimal for the recording of information in the disk space allocated to the data portion of the various lengths of sectors. The system synchronizes to the headers, using conventional embedded servo synchronization methods, and produces header timing signals. It can then use the same header timing signals to locate and interpret the headers on different tracks, since the header frequency and the location of the headers are the same in every track. The system may record the data portions of the sectors at frequencies which are related to the header frequency by ratios of small integers. The system then uses, in synchronizing to the disk, a phase locked loop which includes a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that is driven to a reference frequency which is directly related to the header frequency. The system divides-down the frequency of the VCO output signal to produce the timing signals for the header. Also, it uses a version of the output signal of the VCO, which is divided-down by a band-related value, as a timing signal for the data.

摘要翻译： 数据处理系统以包括嵌入式伺服信息在内的扇区头部以单个频率径向对准并记录的格式记录磁盘上的信息，以各种频带相关的频率记录数据。 该系统以对于最短扇区中的地址信息的记录是最佳的频率记录扇区头部，并将数据记录在分配给各种扇区的数据部分的磁盘空间中用于记录信息的最佳频率 。 该系统使用传统的嵌入式伺服同步方法与报头同步，并产生报头定时信号。 然后可以使用相同的报头定时信号来定位和解释不同轨道上的报头，因为报头频率和报头的位置在每个轨道上相同。 系统可以通过小整数的比率来记录与标题频率相关的频率的扇区的数据部分。 然后，该系统在与磁盘同步时使用锁相环，该锁相环包括被驱动到与标题频率直接相关的参考频率的压控振荡器（VCO）。 该系统将VCO输出信号的频率降低，以产生头部的定时信号。 此外，它使用VCO的输出信号的一个版本作为数据的定时信号，该版本被频带相关的值分频。

公开(公告)号：US4503420A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-05

申请号：US375931

申请日：1982-05-07

申请人： Bernardo Rub ,  Lih J. Weng

发明人： Bernardo Rub ,  Lih J. Weng

IPC分类号： H03M5/04 ,  G06F5/00 ,  G11B20/14 ,  H03M5/14 ,  H03M7/14 ,  H04L25/49 ,  G11B5/09

CPC分类号： G11B20/1426

摘要： The present invention provides translation circuitry, which in one mode of operation acts to encode variable length data words into fixed rate data coded words for use with a communication channel, or a recording means, such as a magnetic recording medium and which in another mode of operation acts to decode the coded words to data words. The translation circuitry functions such that in an encoding operation, the second and third bits of a three-bit coded word respectively have the same binary values as the first and second bits of the data word, which the coded word represents and the second and sixth bits of a six-bit coded word respectively have the same binary values as the third and fourth bits of the data word which the coded word represents.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种翻译电路，其在一种操作模式中用于将可变长度数据字编码成用于与通信信道一起使用的固定速率数据编码字，或诸如磁记录介质的记录装置， 操作用于将编码的字解码成数据字。 翻译电路的功能是使得在编码操作中，三位编码字的第二和第三位分别具有与编码字表示的数据字的第一和第二位相同的二进制值，第二和第六位 六位编码字的位分别具有与编码字表示的数据字的第三和第四位相同的二进制值。

公开(公告)号：US08576507B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-05

申请号：US12692247

申请日：2010-01-22

申请人： Bernardo Rub

发明人： Bernardo Rub

IPC分类号： G11B5/02

CPC分类号： G11B5/09 ,  G11B20/10009 ,  G11B20/10388 ,  G11B20/10481 ,  G11B2220/2516

摘要： Disc drive data recovery methods and systems that utilize off center track information are provided. A disc drive data track is illustratively read at a first position along a width of the data track and at a second position along the width of the data track. The data read from the track is stored and tagged with indications of the first and the second positions. The tagged data is optionally used to calculate average waveforms for each of the first and the second positions and to identify the average waveform having the highest signal-to-noise ratio.

摘要翻译： 提供了使用偏心轨道信息的盘驱动数据恢复方法和系统。 在沿着数据轨道的宽度的第一位置和沿着数据轨道的宽度的第二位置处示意性地读取盘驱动器数据轨道。 从轨道读取的数据被存储并标记有第一和第二位置的指示。 标记数据可选地用于计算第一和第二位置中的每一个的平均波形，并且识别具有最高信噪比的平均波形。

公开(公告)号：US20130007343A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-03

申请号：US13170794

申请日：2011-06-28

申请人： Bernardo Rub ,  Ara Patapoutian ,  Bruce Buch

发明人： Bernardo Rub ,  Ara Patapoutian ,  Bruce Buch

IPC分类号： G06F12/02 ,  G06F12/00

CPC分类号： G06F12/0246 ,  G06F2212/7205 ,  G06F2212/7211

摘要： Methods and systems involve collecting memory device parameters and using memory device parameters to determine memory wear information. A set of first parameters associated with wear of the memory device is monitored for at least one memory unit of the memory device. The first parameters are compared to respective trigger criterion. If the comparison reveals that one or more of the first parameters are beyond their trigger criterion, then collection of a second set of parameters is triggered. The second parameters are also indicative of the wear of the memory device. The set of first parameters may overlap the set of second parameters. The set of second parameters are used to develop memory wear information. In some implementations, the memory wear information may be configuration information used to configure the read/write channel to compensate for wear of the memory device. In some implementations, the memory wear information may be used to predict or estimate the lifetime of the device.

摘要翻译： 方法和系统涉及收集存储器件参数并使用存储器件参数来确定存储器损耗信息。 针对存储器件的至少一个存储器单元监视与存储器件的磨损相关联的一组第一参数。 将第一个参数与相应的触发条件进行比较。 如果比较显示一个或多个第一参数超出其触发标准，则触发第二组参数的收集。 第二参数也表示存储器件的磨损。 第一个参数的集合可能与第二个参数的集合重叠。 第二个参数的集合用于开发内存磨损信息。 在一些实现中，存储器损耗信息可以是用于配置读/写通道以补偿存储器件的磨损的配置信息。 在一些实现中，可以使用存储器磨损信息来预测或估计设备的寿命。

公开(公告)号：US20120304037A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-29

申请号：US13116882

申请日：2011-05-26

申请人： Prafulla Bollampalli Reddy ,  Mary Elizabeth Dunn ,  James Joseph Touchton ,  Bernardo Rub ,  Peter Igorevich Vasiliev ,  Hui Su ,  Timothy Richard Feldman

发明人： Prafulla Bollampalli Reddy ,  Mary Elizabeth Dunn ,  James Joseph Touchton ,  Bernardo Rub ,  Peter Igorevich Vasiliev ,  Hui Su ,  Timothy Richard Feldman

IPC分类号： H03M13/05 ,  G06F11/10

CPC分类号： G06F11/1012 ,  H03M13/2909

摘要： Values are grouped into a first set of groupings of values. Based on inner codes, the number of groupings in the first set of groupings that have at least one erroneous value is determined. If the number of groupings in the first set of groupings that have an erroneous value is fewer than a maximum number of groupings that can be corrected by outer codes, a seek operation is begun. During the seek operation, the outer codes are used to detect and correct the erroneous values that were produced during the reading of values. In other aspects, a parity section for a data section of a data storage device is dirtied before writing any data to the data section such that if writing to the data section is interrupted, the parity section will indicate that it should not be used to correct data read from the data section.

摘要翻译： 值被分组成第一组值分组。 基于内部代码，确定具有至少一个错误值的第一组分组中的分组数量。 如果具有错误值的第一组分组中的分组数量少于可由外部代码校正的分组的最大数量，则开始搜索操作。 在搜索操作期间，外部代码用于检测和更正在读取值期间产生的错误值。 在其他方面，在向数据部分写入任何数据之前，用于数据存储装置的数据部分的奇偶校验部分被弄脏，使得如果对数据部分的写入被中断，则奇偶校验部分将指示不应该用于校正 从数据部分读取数据。

公开(公告)号：US20120176698A1

公开(公告)日：2012-07-12

申请号：US12985946

申请日：2011-01-06

申请人： Bernardo Rub

发明人： Bernardo Rub

IPC分类号： G11B5/596 ,  G11B27/36 ,  G11B5/02

CPC分类号： G11B5/012 ,  G11B19/045 ,  G11B20/10388 ,  G11B20/1816 ,  G11B20/1833 ,  G11B20/1879 ,  G11B2020/183 ,  G11B2220/2516

摘要： Various approaches that reduce the width variability of storage media data tracks are described. First and second data tracks are written so that the second track overlaps the first track. After writing the second track data to the second track, an effective width of the first track is determined. The effective width of the first track is the portion of the first track that is not overlapped by the second track. One or more additional write operations to the recording medium are performed to compensate for the effective width of the first track being less than a threshold. The additional write operations may include one or more of rewriting the first track data to a third track on the storage medium and writing additional redundancy information to supplement the coding of the first track data.

摘要翻译： 描述减少存储介质数据轨道的宽度变化性的各种方法。 写入第一和第二数据轨道，使得第二轨道与第一轨道重叠。 在将第二轨道数据写入第二轨道之后，确定第一轨道的有效宽度。 第一轨道的有效宽度是第一轨道的不与第二轨道重叠的部分。 执行对记录介质的一个或多个附加写入操作以补偿第一轨道的有效宽度小于阈值。 附加写入操作可以包括将第一轨道数据重写到存储介质上的第三轨道中的一个或多个，并且写入附加冗余信息以补充第一轨道数据的编码。