公开(公告)号：US20200087873A1

公开(公告)日：2020-03-19

申请号：US16521558

申请日：2019-07-24

申请人： Ahmed Younis MOTHAFAR

发明人： Ahmed Younis MOTHAFAR

IPC分类号： E01F9/529 ,  E01C23/04

摘要： The low maintenance speed bump is an elongated, rigid, solid body having an arcuate top surface and a flat base, angled grooves defined in the top surface, and a reflective material disposed within the grooves. The reflective material is disposed lower than the top surface of the speed bump to prevent contact between vehicles passing over the speed bump and the reflective material. In this manner, the reflective material is protected from damage by vehicle tires and the life of the reflective material is extended. Further, the angled grooves provide greater visibility of the reflective material to drivers approaching the speed bump.

公开(公告)号：US07092480B1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-15

申请号：US10977304

申请日：2004-10-29

申请人： Ahmed Younis

发明人： Ahmed Younis

IPC分类号： H03K23/54 ,  H03H11/26

CPC分类号： H03K23/54 ,  H03K23/548 ,  H03K23/588

摘要： Described are fast synchronous counters with reduced combinatorial logic. In one embodiment, a four-bit shift register is configured in a ring and preset with a data pattern (e.g., 1000). The register is then rapidly shifted into any of four unique states. Combinatorial logic connected to the shift register converts the four unique states into a two-bit binary signal representative of the four states. In the general case, counters in accordance with this embodiment represent N-bit binary numbers using 2N synchronous storage elements. Two or more counters can be combined to produce larger synchronous counters. An up/down counter in accordance with yet another embodiment is connected to a multi-path delay line to create a variable delay circuit. The switching speed of the delay circuit is independent of the number of delay settings. Also advantageous, the delay circuit scales linearly, in terms of power consumption and area, with changes in delay granularity.

公开(公告)号：US06956923B1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-18

申请号：US10421247

申请日：2003-04-22

申请人： Ahmed Younis ,  Shahriar Rokhsaz

发明人： Ahmed Younis ,  Shahriar Rokhsaz

IPC分类号： H03D13/00 ,  H03L7/087 ,  H03L7/089 ,  H03L7/091 ,  H03L7/10 ,  H04L7/033 ,  H03D3/24 ,  H03L7/06

CPC分类号： H03L7/10 ,  H03D13/003 ,  H03L7/087 ,  H03L7/0896 ,  H03L7/091 ,  H04L7/033

摘要： A high speed phase detector circuit operating at a clock speed equal to one-half an input data rate (i.e. a half-rate clock) provides phase information and transition information from incoming serial data. The high speed phase detector circuit samples the incoming serial data on both the rising edge and falling edge of the half-rate clock to provide equivalent full high speed data rate sampling. The high speed phase detector circuit generates a delay between the phase information and the transition information. The phase information is produced in a first bit period and the transition information is produced in a second bit period relative to the first bit period.

摘要翻译： 以等于输入数据速率的二分之一（即半速率时钟）的时钟速度工作的高速相位检测器电路从输入串行数据提供相位信息和转换信息。 高速相位检测器电路在半速率时钟的上升沿和下降沿都对输入的串行数据进行采样，以提供等效的全高速数据速率采样。 高速相位检测器电路在相位信息和转换信息之间产生延迟。 在第一比特周期中产生相位信息，并且以相对于第一比特周期的第二比特周期生成转换信息。

公开(公告)号：US20050134339A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-23

申请号：US11059739

申请日：2005-02-17

申请人： Ahmed Younis ,  Firas Abughazaleh

发明人： Ahmed Younis ,  Firas Abughazaleh

IPC分类号： H03D13/00 ,  H03L7/087 ,  H03L7/089 ,  H03L7/091 ,  H03L7/10 ,  H04L7/033 ,  H03K5/01

CPC分类号： H03L7/10 ,  H03D13/003 ,  H03L7/087 ,  H03L7/0896 ,  H03L7/091 ,  H04L7/033

摘要： A data density independent clock and data recovery system includes a lock phase adjust charge pump operably coupled to receive phase information and transition information from a phase detector and to produce a current signal, responsive to the phase information and transition information, to a loop filter that converts the current signal to a control voltage signal operably coupled to a voltage controlled oscillator that produces a clock signal to the phase detector based on the control voltage signal. The lock phase adjust charge pump includes a phase charge pump, a transition charge pump, a programmable DC bias current sink, and two programmable offset bias current sinks. The transition charge pump includes a programmable transition current sink. The control logic operates under external control to adjust the currents conducted by the transition charge pump, the programmable DC bias current sink, and the two programmable offset bias current sinks.

摘要翻译： 数据密度无关的时钟和数据恢复系统包括锁相调节电荷泵，其可操作地耦合以从相位检测器接收相位信息和转换信息，并且响应于相位信息和转换信息产生电流信号到环路滤波器， 将当前信号转换成可操作地耦合到压控振荡器的控制电压信号，该压控振荡器基于控制电压信号产生到相位检测器的时钟信号。 锁相调节电荷泵包括相电荷泵，过渡电荷泵，可编程直流偏置电流吸收器和两个可编程偏移电流吸收器。 过渡电荷泵包括可编程转换电流吸收器。 控制逻辑在外部控制下工作，以调整由过渡电荷泵，可编程直流偏置电流吸收器和两个可编程偏移电流吸收器传导的电流。

公开(公告)号：US06504415B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-07

申请号：US09941968

申请日：2001-08-28

申请人： Moises E. Robinson ,  Ahmed Younis

发明人： Moises E. Robinson ,  Ahmed Younis

IPC分类号： G06F104

CPC分类号： G06F1/10 ,  G06F5/06

摘要： In many electronic systems, it is common to communicate data from a transmitter in one device to a receiver in another. Accurate communications requires use of several matched clock signals. Mismatches in these clock signals cause transmitters to add “jitter” to transmitted data or receivers to be more intolerant of jitter in received signals, increasing the chances of mis-interpreting the data. Accordingly, the inventors devised an exemplary clock-distribution method which entails generating a base set of matched clock signals, deriving at least two separate sets of matched clock signals from the base set, and distributing one of the sets of clock signals to a set of matched components in a circuit and the other set of matched clock signals to a different set of components in the same circuit. The clock signals driving the matched components are isolated from mismatched aspects of the other components, and thus exhibit better matching. This method improves the accuracy of high-speed receivers, transmitters, transceivers, and other communications circuits that use it.

摘要翻译： 在许多电子系统中，通常将数据从一个设备中的发射机传送到另一个设备中的接收机。 精确的通信需要使用几个匹配的时钟信号。 这些时钟信号中的不匹配会导致发射机将“抖动”添加到传输的数据或接收器，以便更加不容忍接收信号中的抖动，从而增加了错误解释数据的可能性。 因此，发明人设计了一种示例性的时钟分配方法，该方法需要产生一组匹配的时钟信号，从基本集合导出至少两组分离的匹配的时钟信号，并将这些时钟信号组中的一组分配给 电路中的匹配组件和另一组匹配的时钟信号到同一电路中的一组不同组件。 驱动匹配组件的时钟信号与其他组件的不匹配的方面是隔离的，因此表现出更好的匹配。 该方法提高了高速接收机，发射机，收发器和其他使用它的通信电路的精度。

公开(公告)号：US07436216B1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-14

申请号：US11452858

申请日：2006-06-14

申请人： Brian T. Brunn ,  Michael A. Nix ,  Ahmed Younis

发明人： Brian T. Brunn ,  Michael A. Nix ,  Ahmed Younis

IPC分类号： H03F3/45

CPC分类号： H03F3/45183 ,  H03F3/4521 ,  H03F3/45632 ,  H03F2203/45101 ,  H03F2203/45354 ,  H03F2203/45588 ,  H03F2203/45592 ,  H03F2203/45616 ,  H03F2203/45681

摘要： A method and apparatus for combining an alternating current (AC) coupling technique with a low frequency restoration technique to provide AC coupling with low frequency restoration of the attenuated low frequency content. The low frequency restoration circuit operates to extract low frequency information prior to being high-pass filtered by the AC coupling circuit. The low frequency restoration circuit then buffers the low frequency information through a low frequency restoration amplifier, applies a programmable common mode voltage to the buffered, low frequency information, and then restores the buffered, common mode adjusted, low frequency information to the output of the AC coupling circuit.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将交流（AC）耦合技术与低频恢复技术组合以提供与所述衰减低频内容的低频恢复的AC耦合的方法和装置。 在由AC耦合电路进行高通滤波之前，低频恢复电路用于提取低频信息。 然后，低频恢复电路通过低频恢复放大器缓冲低频信息，将可编程共模电压施加到缓冲的低频信息，然后将缓冲的共模调制的低频信息恢复到 交流耦合电路。

公开(公告)号：US06501339B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-31

申请号：US09927146

申请日：2001-08-10

申请人： Ahmed Younis ,  Moises E. Robinson ,  Michael A. Nix ,  Brian T. Brunn

发明人： Ahmed Younis ,  Moises E. Robinson ,  Michael A. Nix ,  Brian T. Brunn

IPC分类号： H03B524

CPC分类号： H03L7/0995 ,  H03K3/0315 ,  H03L7/087 ,  H03L7/0891 ,  H03L7/18

摘要： Electronic devices are typically coupled together to operate as systems that require the communication of data from one device to another. Many such devices include a ring oscillator, a circuit that generates one or more oscillating signals using a series of interconnected delay circuits. One problem with conventional ring oscillators concerns differences in the signal paths between the delay circuits. Accordingly, the present inventors devised several oscillators having unique layouts, which reduce differences in the signal paths between delay circuits. One exemplary oscillator includes a sequence of delay circuits having input-output connections between at least two pairs of non-adjacent delay circuits. Another exemplary oscillator provides two groups of delay circuits with a bus between the two groups, intercoupling the circuits. And, another exemplary oscillator arranges three or more delay circuits to form a closed loop. Applications for these oscillators include not only receivers, transmitters, and transceivers, but also programmable integrated circuits, electronic devices, and systems.

摘要翻译： 电子设备通常耦合在一起以作为需要从一个设备到另一个设备的数据通信的系统进行操作。 许多这样的设备包括环形振荡器，使用一系列互连的延迟电路产生一个或多个振荡信号的电路。 常规环形振荡器的一个问题涉及延迟电路之间的信号路径的差异。 因此，本发明人设计了具有独特布局的几个振荡器，其减小延迟电路之间的信号路径的差异。 一个示例性振荡器包括在至少两对非相邻延迟电路之间具有输入 - 输出连接的延迟电路序列。 另一个示例性振荡器提供两组延迟电路，其中两组之间的总线相互耦合。 并且，另一示例性振荡器布置三个或更多个延迟电路以形成闭环。 这些振荡器的应用不仅包括接收器，发射器和收发器，还包括可编程集成电路，电子设备和系统。

公开(公告)号：US07003067B1

公开(公告)日：2006-02-21

申请号：US10977305

申请日：2004-10-29

申请人： Ahmed Younis

发明人： Ahmed Younis

IPC分类号： G06M3/00 ,  H03K23/54

CPC分类号： H03K23/54 ,  H03K23/548 ,  H03K23/588

摘要： Described are fast synchronous counters with reduced combinatorial logic. In one embodiment, a four-bit shift register is configured in a ring and preset with a data pattern (e.g., 1000). The register is then rapidly shifted into any of four unique states. Combinatorial logic connected to the shift register converts the four unique states into a two-bit binary signal representative of the four states. In the general case, counters in accordance with this embodiment represent N-bit binary numbers using 2N synchronous storage elements. Two or more counters can be combined to produce larger synchronous counters. An up/down counter in accordance with yet another embodiment is connected to a multi-path delay line to create a variable delay circuit. The switching speed of the delay circuit is independent of the number of delay settings. Also advantageous, the delay circuit scales linearly, in terms of power consumption and area, with changes in delay granularity.

摘要翻译： 描述了具有减少的组合逻辑的快速同步计数器。 在一个实施例中，四位移位寄存器被配置在环中并且用数据模式预设（例如，1000）。 然后，寄存器迅速转换成四个独特状态中的任何一个。 连接到移位寄存器的组合逻辑将四个唯一状态转换成代表四个状态的二位二进制信号。 在一般情况下，根据本实施例的计数器表示使用2N个同步存储元件的N位二进制数。 可以组合两个或更多计数器来产生较大的同步计数器。 根据另一实施例的升/减计数器连接到多路径延迟线以创建可变延迟电路。 延迟电路的切换速度与延迟设置的数量无关。 还有利的是，随着延迟粒度的变化，延迟电路在功耗和面积方面线性缩放。

公开(公告)号：US06961402B1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-01

申请号：US10977280

申请日：2004-10-29

申请人： Ahmed Younis

发明人： Ahmed Younis

IPC分类号： H03K23/54 ,  H03K23/58 ,  H03K21/00

CPC分类号： H03K23/54 ,  H03K23/548 ,  H03K23/588

摘要： Described are fast synchronous counters with reduced combinatorial logic. In one embodiment, a four-bit shift register is configured in a ring and preset with a data pattern (e.g., 1000). The register is then rapidly shifted into any of four unique states. Combinatorial logic connected to the shift register converts the four unique states into a two-bit binary signal representative of the four states. In the general case, counters in accordance with this embodiment represent N-bit binary numbers using 2N synchronous storage elements. Two or more counters can be combined to produce larger synchronous counters. An up/down counter in accordance with yet another embodiment is connected to a multi-path delay line to create a variable delay circuit. The switching speed of the delay circuit is independent of the number of delay settings. Also advantageous, the delay circuit scales linearly, in terms of power consumption and area, with changes in delay granularity.

摘要翻译： 描述了具有减少的组合逻辑的快速同步计数器。 在一个实施例中，四位移位寄存器被配置在环中并且用数据模式预设（例如，1000）。 然后，寄存器迅速转换成四个独特状态中的任何一个。 连接到移位寄存器的组合逻辑将四个唯一状态转换成代表四个状态的二位二进制信号。 在一般情况下，根据本实施例的计数器表示使用2N个同步存储元件的N位二进制数。 可以组合两个或更多计数器来产生较大的同步计数器。 根据另一实施例的升/减计数器连接到多路径延迟线以创建可变延迟电路。 延迟电路的切换速度与延迟设置的数量无关。 还有利的是，随着延迟粒度的变化，延迟电路在功耗和面积方面线性缩放。

公开(公告)号：US06621307B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

申请号：US10224978

申请日：2002-08-20

申请人： Ahmed Younis ,  Michael A. Nix

发明人： Ahmed Younis ,  Michael A. Nix

IPC分类号： H03D1300

CPC分类号： H03D13/006

摘要： A method and circuit for determining variation between an input clock signal (CLK0) and a reference clock signal (REFCLK) is provided. A plurality of time shifted input clock signals (CLK0, CLK1, . . . , CLK09) can be generated from a single input clock signal (CLK0). The plurality of time shifted input clock signals (CLK0, CLK1, . . . , CLK09) can be sampled at successive periodic intervals occurring relative to the reference clock signal (REFCLK). For each of the time shifted input clock signals (CLK0, CLK1, . . . , CLK09), a sampled value for a succeeding and a preceding periodic interval can be compared to determine whether there is a variation between an input clock signal (CLK0) and a reference clock signal (REFCLK).

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于确定输入时钟信号（CLK0）和参考时钟信号（REFCLK）之间的变化的方法和电路。 可以从单个输入时钟信号（CLK0）产生多个时移输入时钟信号（CLK0，CLK1，...，CLK09）。 可以以相对于参考时钟信号（REFCLK）发生的连续周期性间隔对多个时移输入时钟信号（CLK0，CLK1，...，CLK09）进行采样。 对于每个时移输入时钟信号（CLK0，CLK1，...，CLK09），可以对后续周期和前一周期间隔的采样值进行比较，以确定输入时钟信号（CLK0） 和参考时钟信号（REFCLK）。