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    Pilot scheme for a MIMO communication system
    74.
    发明授权
    Pilot scheme for a MIMO communication system 有权
    MIMO通信系统的导频方案

    公开(公告)号：US09008036B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-04-14

    申请号：US13721784

    申请日：2012-12-20

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Moussa Abdi

    IPC: H04W4/00 ,  H04W72/04 ,  H04B7/04 ,  H04L5/00 ,  H04L27/26 ,  H04L1/06 ,  H04L25/02

    CPC classification number: H04B7/0452 ,  H04B7/0413 ,  H04J13/18 ,  H04J2013/165 ,  H04L1/0625 ,  H04L5/001 ,  H04L5/0026 ,  H04L5/0032 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L5/0051 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0228 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04W72/04 ,  H04W72/044 ,  H04W88/08

    Abstract: The present invention employs a pilot scheme for frequency division multiple access (FDM) communication systems, such as single carrier FDM communication systems. A given transmit time interval will include numerous traffic symbols and two or more short pilot symbols, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one traffic symbol and will have a Fourier transform length that is less than the Fourier transform length of any given traffic symbol. Multiple transmitters will generate pilot information and modulate the pilot information onto sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols in an orthogonal manner. Each transmitter may use different sub-carriers within the time and frequency domain, which is encompassed by the short pilot symbols within the transmit time interval. Alternatively, each transmitter may uniquely encode the pilot information using a unique code division multiplexed code and modulate the encoded pilot information onto common sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols.

    Abstract translation: 本发明采用诸如单载波FDM通信系统的频分多址（FDM）通信系统的导频方案。 给定的发送时间间隔将包括多个业务符号和两个或更多个短导频符号，它们彼此间隔开至少一个业务符号，并且将具有小于任何给定业务的傅里叶变换长度的傅里叶变换长度 符号。 多个发射机将产生导频信息，并以正交方式将导频信息调制到短导频符号的子载波上。 每个发射机可以在时间和频域内使用不同的子载波，由发射时间间隔内的短导频符号包围。 或者，每个发射机可以使用唯一的码分多路复用码对导频信息进行唯一的编码，并将编码的导频信息调制到短导频符号的公共子载波上。

    Modulation division multiple access
    75.
    发明授权
    Modulation division multiple access 有权
    调制分多址

    公开(公告)号：US08942327B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-01-27

    申请号：US13649811

    申请日：2012-10-11

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Ming Jia ,  Jianglei Ma ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Wen Tong ,  Curt Dodd

    IPC: H03D1/00 ,  H03C3/00 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04L25/02

    CPC classification number: H03C3/00 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L27/3488

    Abstract: The present invention employs hierarchical modulation to simultaneously transmit information on different modulation layers using a carrier RF signal. Initially, first data to be transmitted is assigned to a first modulation layer and second data is assigned to a second modulation layer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second data are assigned based on reliability criteria. The first and second modulation layers are hierarchical modulation layers of the carrier RF signal. Once assigned, the first data is transmitted using the first modulation layer of the carrier RF signal and the second data is transmitted using the second modulation layer of the carrier RF signal. In one embodiment of the present invention, information may be transmitted to one end user using one modulation layer, and information may be transmitted to a different end user using a different modulation layer.

    Abstract translation: 本发明采用层次调制，使用载波RF信号同时发送不同调制层上的信息。 首先，要发送的第一数据被分配给第一调制层，并且第二数据被分配给第二调制层。 在本发明的一个实施例中，基于可靠性标准来分配第一和第二数据。 第一和第二调制层是载波RF信号的分层调制层。 一旦被分配，使用载波RF信号的第一调制层发送第一数据，并且使用载波RF信号的第二调制层发送第二数据。 在本发明的一个实施例中，可以使用一个调制层向一个终端用户发送信息，并且可以使用不同的调制层向不同的终端用户发送信息。

    Methods and systems for OFDM using code division multiplexing
    76.
    发明授权
    Methods and systems for OFDM using code division multiplexing 有权
    使用码分复用的OFDM方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US08902951B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-12-02

    申请号：US13944065

    申请日：2013-07-17

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hua Xu ,  Hang Zhang ,  Mo-Han Fong

    IPC: H04B1/00

    CPC classification number: H04J13/0003 ,  H04B1/707 ,  H04B7/0404 ,  H04B7/0678 ,  H04J13/00 ,  H04J13/16 ,  H04L5/0016 ,  H04L5/0026 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L25/03866 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2627 ,  H04W72/044

    Abstract: In some embodiments of the invention, OFDM symbols are transmitted as a plurality of clusters. A cluster includes a plurality of OFDM sub-carriers in frequency, over a plurality of OFDM symbol durations in time. Each cluster includes data as well as pilot information as a reference signal for channel estimation. In some embodiments, a plurality of clusters collectively occupy the available sub-carrier set in the frequency domain that is used for transmission. In some embodiments of the invention data and/or pilots are spread within each cluster using code division multiplexing (CDM). In some embodiments pilots and data are separated by distributing data on a particular number of the plurality of OFDM symbol durations and pilots on a remainder of the OFDM symbol durations. CDM spreading can be performed in time and/or frequency directions.

    Abstract translation: 在本发明的一些实施例中，OFDM符号作为多个簇发送。 在多个OFDM符号持续时间内，群集包括频率上的多个OFDM子载波。 每个簇包括数据以及作为信道估计的参考信号的导频信息。 在一些实施例中，多个集群共同地占用用于传输的频域中的可用子载波集合。 在本发明的一些实施例中，使用码分多路复用（CDM）在每个簇内扩展数据和/或导频。 在一些实施例中，通过在OFDM码元持续时间的其余部分上分配关于多个OFDM符号持续时间的特定数目和导频上的数据来分离导频和数据。 可以在时间和/或频率方向上执行CDM扩展。

    Methods and systems for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple zone partitioning
    77.
    发明授权
    Methods and systems for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple zone partitioning 有权
    用于正交频分复用（OFDM）多区划分的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US08811544B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-08-19

    申请号：US13944010

    申请日：2013-07-17

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hang Zhang ,  Mo-Han Fong

    IPC: H04L27/06

    CPC classification number: H04L5/0051 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L1/0618 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L25/02 ,  H04L27/2602 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2647 ,  H04W52/325

    Abstract: Aspects of the invention include methods and devices for inserting data and pilot symbols into Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) frames having a time domain and a frequency domain. A method involves inserting in at least one zone of a first type a two dimensional array of data and pilot symbols in time and frequency and inserting in at least one zone of a second type a two dimensional array of data and pilot symbols in time and frequency. In some implementations the zone of the first type comprises common pilot symbols that can be detected by all receivers receiving the OFDM frame. In some implementations the zone of the second type comprises dedicated pilot symbols that are only detectable by a receiver that is aware of pre-processing used to encode the dedicated pilot symbols.

    Abstract translation: 本发明的方面包括用于将数据和导频符号插入具有时域和频域的正交频分复用（OFDM）帧的方法和装置。 一种方法包括在时间和频率上插入数据和导频符号的二维阵列的第一类型的至少一个区域，并在第二类型的至少一个区域中插入时间和频率的数据和导频符号的二维阵列 。 在一些实现中，第一类型的区域包括可由接收OFDM帧的所有接收机检测的公共导频符号。 在一些实施方式中，第二类型的区域包括专用导频符号，其仅可以被知道用于对专用导频符号进行编码的预处理的接收机检测。

    Method and System for Combining OFDM and Transformed OFDM
    78.
    发明申请
    Method and System for Combining OFDM and Transformed OFDM 有权
    用于组合OFDM和变换OFDM的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US20140219387A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-08-07

    申请号：US14251629

    申请日：2014-04-13

    Applicant: APPLE INC.

    Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Wen Tong ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hang Zhang

    IPC: H04L27/26

    CPC classification number: H04L27/263 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L5/0044 ,  H04L5/0096 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2628 ,  H04L27/2634 ,  H04L27/2646

    Abstract: Methods and systems are provided that enable an OFDM transmitter to be used for transmitting conventional OFDM or a form of transformed OFDM. A technique is provided for transforming a coded and modulated sequence of samples prior to an IFFT that enables the transformed sequence of samples to be transmitted using conventional OFDM or transformed OFDM. The selection of a transform function for transforming the coded and modulated sequence of samples may be based on optimizing the transform function for particular operating conditions between the transmitter and receiver. In some embodiments of the invention OFDM and time transformed OFDM are multiplexed in time and/or frequency in a transmission frame. In some embodiments of the invention a pilot pattern is provided in which the pilot are sent using OFDM and data is sent using OFDM and/or transformed OFDM.

    Abstract translation: 提供了使OFDM发射机能够用于传输常规OFDM或变换OFDM形式的方法和系统。 提供了一种用于在IFFT之前变换样本的编码和调制序列的技术，其使得能够使用常规OFDM或变换OFDM来发送变换的样本序列。 用于变换样本的编码和调制序列的变换函数的选择可以基于优化发射机和接收机之间的特定操作条件的变换函数。 在本发明的一些实施例中，OFDM和时变OFDM在传输帧中以时间和/或频率被复用。 在本发明的一些实施例中，提供了导频模式，其中使用OFDM发送导频，并且使用OFDM和/或经变换的OFDM发送数据。

    Method and System for Providing an Uplink Structure and Minimizing Pilot Signal Overhead in a Wireless Communication Network
    79.
    发明申请
    Method and System for Providing an Uplink Structure and Minimizing Pilot Signal Overhead in a Wireless Communication Network 有权
    在无线通信网络中提供上行链路结构和最小化导频信号开销的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US20140161068A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-06-12

    申请号：US14177716

    申请日：2014-02-11

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Sophie Vrzic ,  Jun Yuan ,  Mo-Han Fong ,  Robert Novak ,  Dong-Sheng Yu ,  Jianglei Ma

    IPC: H04W72/04 ,  H04W74/08

    CPC classification number: H04W72/0446 ,  H04J11/00 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L5/0053 ,  H04L5/0055 ,  H04L27/2602 ,  H04W72/0413 ,  H04W72/042 ,  H04W74/004 ,  H04W74/0833 ,  H04W74/0866 ,  H04W84/12 ,  H04W88/085 ,  H04W88/12

    Abstract: A method and system are provided having an uplink control structure and a pilot signal having minimal signal overhead for providing channel estimation and data demodulation in a wireless communication network. The uplink control structures enable mobile terminals to communicate with corresponding base stations to perform various functions including obtaining initial system access, submitting a bandwidth request, triggering a continuation of negotiated service, or providing a proposed allocation re-configuration header. A dedicated random access channel is provided to communicatively couple the base station and the mobile terminal so that the mobile terminal can select a random access signaling identification. A resource request is received at the base station to uplink resource information from the mobile terminal and an initial access information request is received from the mobile terminal to configure the base station connection. Pilot signals with varying density configurations are provided to include low density symbol patterns for multiple contiguous resource blocks and high density symbol patterns for single resource blocks.

    Abstract translation: 提供一种方法和系统，其具有上行链路控制结构和具有最小信号开销的导频信号，用于在无线通信网络中提供信道估计和数据解调。 上行链路控制结构使得移动终端能够与相应的基站进行通信，以执行各种功能，包括获得初始系统访问，提交带宽请求，触发协商服务的继续或提供建议的分配重配置报头。 提供专用随机接入信道以通信地耦合基站和移动终端，使得移动终端可以选择随机接入信令标识。 在基站接收资源请求以从移动终端上行资源信息，并且从移动终端接收初始访问信息请求以配置基站连接。 提供具有不同密度配置的导频信号以包括用于多个连续资源块的低密度符号模式和用于单个资源块的高密度符号模式。

    Adaptive Two-Dimensional Channel Interpolation
    80.
    发明申请
    Adaptive Two-Dimensional Channel Interpolation 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20140079152A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-03-20

    申请号：US14088531

    申请日：2013-11-25

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Dong-Sheng Yu ,  Hang Zhang

    IPC: H04L27/26

    CPC classification number: H04L27/2611 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04B7/08 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L27/2626 ,  H04L27/2647

    Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving channel estimation within an OFDM communication system. Channel estimation in OFDM is usually performed with the aid of pilot symbols. The pilot symbols are typically spaced in time and frequency. The set of frequencies and times at which pilot symbols are inserted is referred to as a pilot pattern. In some cases, the pilot pattern is a diagonal-shaped lattice, either regular or irregular. The method first interpolates in the direction of larger coherence (time or frequency). Using these measurements, the density of pilot symbols in the direction of faster change will be increased thereby improving channel estimation without increasing overhead. As such, the results of the first interpolating step can then be used to assist the interpolation in the dimension of smaller coherence (time or frequency).

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