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61.发明授权Single mode fiber optic single sideband modulator and method of frequency shifting using same 失效单模光纤单边带调制器和使用相同方式进行频移
公开(公告)号：US4792207A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-20
申请号：US50762
申请日：1987-05-15
CPC分类号： G02F1/0134 , G02B6/2821 , G02F1/125 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A fiber optic frequency shifter comprising two waveguides having different indices of refraction. In some embodiments the waveguides are two modes of propagation in one fiber. Plural distributed coupling ridges, or electrodes mounted adjacent piezoelectric materials, are independently driven to apply sinusoidally varying forces to the fiber. In some embodiments, the phase relationship of the driving signals for the electrodes or ridges is such that a travelling acoustic wave is launched in the fiber. In other embodiments, regions of stress in the fiber are created by an acoustic wave coupled into the fiber from a transducer coupled to an acoustic medium surrounding the fiber. The input carrier light is shifted in frequency by the frequency of the acoustic wave.
摘要翻译： 一种光纤移频器，包括具有不同折射率的两个波导。 在一些实施例中，波导是在一个光纤中的两种传播模式。 多个分布耦合脊或邻近压电材料安装的电极被独立地驱动以向光纤施加正弦变化的力。 在一些实施例中，用于电极或脊的驱动信号的相位关系使得行进声波在光纤中发射。 在其他实施例中，光纤中的应力区域是由耦合到围绕光纤的声学介质的传感器耦合到光纤中的声波产生的。 输入载波的频率以声波的频率移动。
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62.发明授权Distributed sensor and method using coherence multiplexing of fiber-optic interferometric sensors 失效分布式传感器和使用光纤干涉传感器相干多路复用的方法
公开(公告)号：US4699513A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-13
申请号：US738678
申请日：1985-05-28
申请人： Janet L. Brooks , Moshe Tur , Robert C. Youngquist , Byoung Y. Kim , Robert H. Wentworth , Herbert J. Shaw , Kjell Blotekjaer
发明人： Janet L. Brooks , Moshe Tur , Robert C. Youngquist , Byoung Y. Kim , Robert H. Wentworth , Herbert J. Shaw , Kjell Blotekjaer
IPC分类号： G01D21/00 , G01D5/26 , G01D5/353 , G01H7/00 , G01H9/00 , G01K11/00 , G01L1/00 , G01N21/00 , G01N21/17 , G02B6/00 , G02B6/14 , G02B6/28 , G08C15/00 , H04J14/00 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383 , G02B6/14 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/2843 , G02B6/2861 , H04J14/002
摘要： A distributed sensor system including an optical source having a short coherence length for optionally continuously monitoring each sensor in the system. In one preferred embodiment, an array of fiber-optic sensors are organized in a ladder configuration, with the sensors positioned in spaced relation and defining the rungs of the ladder. Light transmitted through the sensors is multiplexed onto a return arm of the ladder, with sensor spacing being such that interference between light from different sensors is prevented. The multiplexed signals are received by an optical fiber receiver which couples the multiplexed light with an interfering optical reference signal to produce a phase difference signal representing conditions influencing selected sensors. Embodiments are disclosed for use of either pulsed or continuous wave light sources. In another preferred embodiment, the sensors comprise a plurality of interferometers connected in series configuration by a common optical fiber, which provides multiplexed output signals from the sensors to another plurality of interferometers comprising receivers. Functional equivalents of the series configuration provide sensors and receivers comprising birefringent or two-mode fiber. The optical path length differences between each pair of sensor arms are selected to prevent interference between the multiplexed sensor output signals from the various sensors. The optical path lengths through the sensors and receivers are structured so that each receiver produces a phase difference signal relating to conditions affecting light transmission through a specific sensor. A phase and amplitude modulation technique is disclosed for providing heterodyned output signals from the distributed sensor system.
摘要翻译： 一种分布式传感器系统，包括具有短相干长度的光源，用于可选地连续监测系统中的每个传感器。 在一个优选实施例中，光纤传感器阵列以梯形结构组织，传感器以间隔关系定位并限定梯子的梯级。 通过传感器传输的光被多路复用到梯子的返回臂上，传感器间隔使得防止来自不同传感器的光之间的干扰。 复用的信号由光纤接收器接收，光纤接收器将复用的光与干涉光参考信号耦合，以产生表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差信号。 公开了使用脉冲或连续波光源的实施例。 在另一个优选实施例中，传感器包括通过公共光纤串联配置的多个干涉仪，其将来自传感器的多路复用输出信号提供给包括接收器的另外多个干涉仪。 串联配置的功能等同物提供包括双折射或双模光纤的传感器和接收器。 选择每对传感器臂之间的光程长度差以防止来自各种传感器的多路传感器输出信号之间的干扰。 通过传感器和接收器的光路长度被构造成使得每个接收器产生与影响通过特定传感器的光透射的条件相关的相位差信号。 公开了一种用于从分布式传感器系统提供外差输出信号的相位和幅度调制技术。
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公开(公告)号：US4676585A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-30
申请号：US637042
申请日：1984-07-09
CPC分类号： G02B6/2861 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A continuously variable optical delay line having a first substrate (66, 70) and a second substrate (95). The first substrate is composed of a quartz block (70) with a large radius of curvature along its length, supporting a silicon substrate (66) having a plurality of longitudinal, parallel v-grooves (68). A single length (121) of single mode optical fiber is wrapped around the first substrate (66, 70) in helical fashion with each loop being secured in one of the v-grooves (68). The portions of the fiber (121) in the v-grooves (68) are lapped and polished to create a flat coupling surface extending laterally and longitudinally across the first substrate (66, 70). The second substrate (91) is composed of a quartz block with a single v-groove holding a segment of single mode fiber (95). The radius of curvature of this v-groove is substantially smaller than that of the first substrate, such that the flat coupling surface of the second substrate (91) is shorter than that of the first substrate (66). The first and second substrates are placed together such that the fiber in the second substrate is coupled to the fiber in the first substrate. By moving (142) the second substrate longitudinally with respect to the first substrate, a continuously variable delay can be obtained. The continuously variable delay line can be combined with a separate discretely variable delay line to create a longer continuous variable delay. The continuous variable delay line can be formed with only one v-groove (68) in the first substrate (66).
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US82 / 01609 Sec。 371日期1984年7月9日 102（e）日期1984年7月9日PCT申请日1982年11月12日PCT公布。 出版物WO84 / 02006 日期：1984年5月24日。一种具有第一基板（66,70）和第二基板（95）的连续可变光延迟线。 第一衬底由沿其长度具有大曲率半径的石英块（70）组成，支撑具有多个纵向平行V形槽（68）的硅衬底（66）。 单模光纤的单个长度（121）以螺旋方式缠绕在第一基板（66,70）周围，每个环固定在一个V形槽（68）中。 所述v形槽（68）中的所述纤维（121）的所述部分被研磨和抛光以产生横向和纵向延伸穿过所述第一衬底（66,70）的平坦的联接表面。 第二基板（91）由具有保持单模光纤（95）的单个v形槽的石英块组成。 该v形槽的曲率半径比第一衬底的曲率半径小，使得第二衬底（91）的平坦耦合表面比第一衬底（66）的平坦的耦合表面短。 将第一和第二基板放置在一起，使得第二基板中的光纤耦合到第一基板中的光纤。 通过相对于第一基板纵向移动（142）第二基板，可以获得连续可变的延迟。 连续可变延迟线可以与单独的离散可变延迟线组合以产生更长的连续可变延迟。 连续可变延迟线可以在第一基板（66）中仅形成一个V形槽（68）。
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64.发明授权Optical guided wave signal processor for matrix-vector multiplication and filtering 失效光导波信号处理器，用于矩阵矢量乘法和滤波
公开(公告)号：US4588255A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-13
申请号：US503871
申请日：1983-06-13
CPC分类号： G02B6/2861 , G06E3/001
摘要： An array (48, 49, 50, 51) of fiber optic couplers coupling an input (45) and an output (46) waveguide. The output waveguide (46) is routed among the couplers of the array such that either backward or forward coupling exists. With backward coupling, energy coupled into the output waveguide (46) in a coupler of the array is guided back to the preceding coupler for coupling back into the input waveguide (45).The backward coupling allows recirculations to occur between couplers to create poles and zeroes in the transfer function of the array which transfer function can be programmed or tailored somewhat to have specific characteristics. Further, the backward coupling allows the array to be used for matrix-vector multiplication.
摘要翻译： 耦合输入（45）和输出（46）波导的光纤耦合器的阵列（48,49,50,51）。 输出波导（46）在阵列的耦合器之间被路由，使得存在向后或向前耦合。 通过反向耦合，耦合到阵列的耦合器中的输出波导（46）的能量被引导回到先前的耦合器以耦合回到输入波导（45）。 反向耦合允许在耦合器之间发生再循环，以在阵列的传递函数中产生极点和零点，该传递函数可以被编程或稍微修改以具有特定的特性。 此外，反向耦合允许阵列用于矩阵矢量乘法。
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65.发明授权Fiber optic loop interferometer and method with coincident backscatter elimination 失效光纤环路干涉仪和符合反向散射消除的方法
公开(公告)号：US4564293A
公开(公告)日：1986-01-14
申请号：US520605
申请日：1983-08-05
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： Method and apparatus for improving the sensitivity of Sagnac gyroscopes and other interferometers utilizing a fiber optic loop by minimizing the effects of backscattered radiation. In one disclosed embodiment, the amplitude of coincident backscattered radiation is significantly reduced by applying the light in the form of a pulse of short duration and gating the output so that only the scattered energy from a short length of the fiber contributes to the interfering wave. The interference is reduced even further by processing or constructing the loop to eliminate the scattering sources in the short segment which can give rise to coincident backscattered power.
摘要翻译： 用于通过最小化背散射辐射的影响来提高利用光纤环路的Sagnac陀螺仪和其它干涉仪的灵敏度的方法和装置。 在一个公开的实施例中，通过以短持续时间的脉冲的形式施加光并门控输出，使得只有来自光纤的短长度的散射能量有助于干扰波，才能显着地减少重合后向散射辐射的幅度。 通过处理或构造回路以消除短段中的散射源，甚至可以进一步降低干扰，这可以产生一致的反向散射功率。
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公开(公告)号：US4554510A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-19
申请号：US531231
申请日：1983-09-12
IPC分类号： G01P9/00 , G01C19/64 , G01C19/72 , G02B6/00 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/313 , G02F1/39 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/102 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/23 , H03F3/68
CPC分类号： H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/10007 , H01S3/1611 , H01S3/1643
摘要： A fiber optic amplifier utilizes a crystal fiber of laser material to bidirectionally amplify light signals. This amplifier permits the application of both pumping illumination and the signal to be amplified to the end of the crystal fiber to avoid the disadvantages inherent in side pumping this fiber. End pumping is accomplished by taking advantage of the slow spontaneous fluorescence of the laser crystal to sequentially apply the pumping illumination and then the signal to be amplified to the crystal. This sequential application of signals is made possible through the use of a switchable coupler which allows light to be selectively coupled from either of a pair of input optical fibers to a single output optical fiber which is coupled to the crystal fiber. The pumping illumination is initially supplied to the crystal fiber to invert the ions within the crystal. Once these ions are inverted, the coupler is switched to permit the application of the signal to be amplified to the crystal, and the application of pumping illumination is temporarily discontinued. The signal to be amplified propagates through the crystal to stimulate emission of coherent light from the laser material resulting in amplification of the signal. When this amplification process is complete, pumping illumination is again applied through the switch to the crystal fiber.
摘要翻译： 光纤放大器利用激光材料的晶体光纤双向放大光信号。 该放大器允许将泵浦照明和信号放大到晶体光纤的端部，以避免侧向泵浦该光纤的固有缺点。 通过利用激光晶体的缓慢的自发荧光来顺序地施加泵浦照明，然后将待放大的信号施加到晶体来实现末端泵浦。 通过使用可切换耦合器来实现信号的这种顺序应用，其允许光从一对输入光纤中的任一个选择性地耦合到耦合到晶体光纤的单个输出光纤。 泵浦照明最初被提供给晶体纤维以反转晶体内的离子。 一旦这些离子被反转，耦合器被切换以允许将信号施加到晶体上，并且暂时停止施加泵浦照明。 要放大的信号通过晶体传播，以激发来自激光材料的相干光的发射，从而产生信号的放大。 当该放大过程完成时，泵浦照明再次通过开关施加到晶体光纤。
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公开(公告)号：US4546476A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-08
申请号：US448707
申请日：1982-12-10
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/04 , G02B6/28 , G02B27/10 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/0915 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/23 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/06737 , H01S3/094007 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094069
摘要： A pair of small diameter optical fibers are arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source, and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the signal frequency. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive index of the first and second fibers are selected such that the signal in the second fiber is well guided, while the pumping light in the first fiber is unguided, yielding low losses in the second fiber but high transfer of the pumping light from the first fiber to the second fiber.
摘要翻译： 一对小直径光纤以并排配置排列，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有以信号频率变化的材料。 待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。 选择第一和第二光纤的折射率使得第二光纤中的信号被良好地引导，而第一光纤中的泵浦光未被引导，在第二光纤中产生低损耗，但来自 第一根光纤到第二条光纤。
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公开(公告)号：US4530097A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-16
申请号：US426885
申请日：1982-09-29
摘要： A Brillouin ring laser comprises a fiber optic resonator formed from a loop of fiber optic material and a fiber optic directional coupler for optically closing the loop.
摘要翻译： 布里渊环激光器包括由光纤材料环形成的光纤谐振器和用于光学闭合环路的光纤定向耦合器。
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公开(公告)号：US4529312A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-16
申请号：US288212
申请日：1981-07-29
申请人： George A. Pavlath , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： George A. Pavlath , Herbert J. Shaw
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： A fiber optic rotation sensor, employing detection of the Sagnac phase shift, comprises a single mode fiber forming a loop. The rotation sensor utilizes unpolarized light to provide reciprocal operation. The unpolarized light produces incoherent light wave components which are averaged to zero in the detector. Non-rotationally induced phase shifts between coherent components resolve into vectors equal in magnitude and opposite in phase angle so that the non-reciprocal components of these vectors cancel.The rotation sensor is independent of environmental factors when the phase difference between the waves counterpropagating through the loop is an odd multiple of .pi./2. Accordingly, the sensor includes a phase shifter for biasing such phase difference to .pi./2 to provide a stable operating point when the loop is at rest. Additional compensating means are included to provide stability during rotation.
摘要翻译： 使用Sagnac相移的检测的光纤旋转传感器包括形成环路的单模光纤。 旋转传感器利用非偏振光提供相互作用。 非偏振光产生在检测器中平均为零的非相干光波分量。 相干分量之间的非旋转感应相移分解成幅度相等且相位角相反的矢量，从而消除这些矢量的不可逆分量。 当通过回路反向传播的波形之间的相位差是pi / 2的奇数倍时，旋转传感器与环境因素无关。 因此，传感器包括用于将这种相位差偏置到π/ 2的移相器，以在环路静止时提供稳定的工作点。 包括额外的补偿装置以提供旋转期间的稳定性。
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公开(公告)号：US4515431A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US407136
申请日：1982-08-11
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An optical fiber bidirectional amplifier includes a pair of small diameter optical fibers, arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the frequency of the signal to be amplified. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive indexes of the first and second fibers are substantially identical, but the coupling characteristic provided by the geometrical relationship between the pair of fibers yields a wavelength dependent coupling efficiency. Specifically, the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the pumping source is relatively high, while the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the signal to be amplified is relatively low. Thus, the pumping illumination is coupled from the first fiber to the second fiber to stimulate the doping material in the second fiber, while the signal to be amplified remains relatively uncoupled, and is amplified by the coherent light emitted by the lasing material.
摘要翻译： 光纤双向放大器包括一对并排配置的小直径光纤，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有将以信号频率变化的材料 放大 待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。 第一和第二纤维的折射率基本上相同，但由一对纤维之间的几何关系提供的耦合特性产生了与波长相关的耦合效率。 具体地说，在泵浦源的波长处的耦合效率相对较高，而要放大的信号的波长的耦合效率相对较低。 因此，泵浦照明从第一光纤耦合到第二光纤以刺激第二光纤中的掺杂材料，而待放大的信号保持相对不耦合，并且由激光材料发射的相干光放大。
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