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公开(公告)号：US4530603A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-23
申请号：US426887
申请日：1982-09-29
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G01H9/00 , G02B6/26 , G02B6/28 , G02B26/06 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/11 , G02F1/29 , H04R1/44 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01H9/004 , G02B26/06 , G02F1/0134
摘要： A fiber optic sensor comprises a length of optical fiber, forming a loop, and a fiber optic directional coupler for optically closing the loop. The loop and coupler form a resonant cavity for light circulating therethrough. A PZT cylinder, about which the fiber loop is wrapped, is utilized to control the total round trip phase delay of the circulating light, and thus, control the intensity of the optical output signal. The phase delay is adjusted to a point where the optical output signal is at maximum sensitivity to changes in phase. When the fiber loop is exposed to, e.g., acoustic waves, the loop length changes correspondingly, thereby causing the phase delay, and thus, the optical output signal to vary. By detecting variations in output signal intensity, the frequency and intensity of the acoustic waves may be determined. The sensor also includes a feedback system for stabilizing the fiber loop against low frequency thermal drift.
摘要翻译： 光纤传感器包括长度的光纤，形成环路，以及用于光学闭合环路的光纤定向耦合器。 环路和耦合器形成用于从其中循环的光的谐振腔。 纤维环绕其缠绕的PZT圆柱体用于控制循环光的总往返相位延迟，从而控制光输出信号的强度。 相位延迟被调整到光输出信号对相位变化具有最大灵敏度的点。 当光纤环路暴露于例如声波时，环路长度相应地改变，从而导致相位延迟，从而导致光输出信号变化。 通过检测输出信号强度的变化，可以确定声波的频率和强度。 该传感器还包括一个反馈系统，用于稳定光纤回路以抵抗低频热漂移。
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公开(公告)号：US4323310A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-06
申请号：US100320
申请日：1979-12-05
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： A fiber optic rotation sensing interferometer based on the Sagnac effect in which mechanical rotation introduces measurable shifts in the phase of optical signals transversing a closed path. The interferometer includes the closed optical path made up of a multi-turn fiber optic loop, a directional coupler or couplers, and an amplifier. A pulse of electromagnetic radiation is fed into the optical path by means of a pulsed electromagnetic source such as a laser and a beam splitter. The beam splitter splits the pulse into two pulses which undergo multiple circulations about the optical path in opposite directions. The directional couplers non-destructively sample the two pulses after each pass therethrough and send the pair of pulse samples to the beam splitter once each circulation. The beam splitter sends these pulse pair samples to a detector and signal processor once each circulation. The detector measures the instantaneous relative phase shift between the two pulse samples in each of the multiple pulse pairs and outputs phase information once each circulation. This phase information is converted by the signal processor into the angle of rotation or into rotation rate of the interferometer.
摘要翻译： 基于Sagnac效应的光纤旋转感测干涉仪，其中机械旋转引起横向闭合路径的光信号的相位中的可测量偏移。 干涉仪包括由多匝光纤环路，定向耦合器或耦合器以及放大器组成的封闭光路。 通过脉冲电磁源（例如激光和分束器）将电磁辐射的脉冲馈送到光路中。 分束器将脉冲分成两个脉冲，这两个脉冲在相反的方向上绕光路进行多次循环。 定向耦合器在每次通过之后对两个脉冲进行非破坏性采样，每次循环发送一对脉冲样本到分束器。 每次循环后，分束器将这些脉冲对采样发送到检测器和信号处理器。 检测器测量每个多个脉冲对中的两个脉冲样本之间的瞬时相对相移，并在每次循环之后输出相位信息。 该相位信息由信号处理器转换成旋转角度或干涉仪的旋转速率。
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公开(公告)号：US4469397A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-04
申请号：US426890
申请日：1982-09-29
CPC分类号： G02B6/29338 , G01J3/26 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/2843 , G02B6/2861 , G02B6/29395
摘要： A fiber optic resonator comprises a single strand of optical fiber forming a loop and a fiber optic directional coupler for optically closing the loop. The length of the loop is selected to cooperate with the phase shift of the coupler to provide a resonant cavity, and the coupling constant is selected to provide full or maximum resonance with zero output power.
摘要翻译： 光纤谐振器包括形成环路的单股光纤和用于光学闭合环路的光纤定向耦合器。 选择环路的长度以与耦合器的相移协调以提供谐振腔，并且选择耦合常数以提供具有零输出功率的全或最大谐振。
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公开(公告)号：US4546476A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-08
申请号：US448707
申请日：1982-12-10
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/04 , G02B6/28 , G02B27/10 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/0915 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/23 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/06737 , H01S3/094007 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094069
摘要： A pair of small diameter optical fibers are arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source, and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the signal frequency. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive index of the first and second fibers are selected such that the signal in the second fiber is well guided, while the pumping light in the first fiber is unguided, yielding low losses in the second fiber but high transfer of the pumping light from the first fiber to the second fiber.
摘要翻译： 一对小直径光纤以并排配置排列，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有以信号频率变化的材料。 待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。 选择第一和第二光纤的折射率使得第二光纤中的信号被良好地引导，而第一光纤中的泵浦光未被引导，在第二光纤中产生低损耗，但来自 第一根光纤到第二条光纤。
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公开(公告)号：US4530097A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-16
申请号：US426885
申请日：1982-09-29
摘要： A Brillouin ring laser comprises a fiber optic resonator formed from a loop of fiber optic material and a fiber optic directional coupler for optically closing the loop.
摘要翻译： 布里渊环激光器包括由光纤材料环形成的光纤谐振器和用于光学闭合环路的光纤定向耦合器。
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公开(公告)号：US4515431A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US407136
申请日：1982-08-11
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An optical fiber bidirectional amplifier includes a pair of small diameter optical fibers, arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the frequency of the signal to be amplified. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive indexes of the first and second fibers are substantially identical, but the coupling characteristic provided by the geometrical relationship between the pair of fibers yields a wavelength dependent coupling efficiency. Specifically, the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the pumping source is relatively high, while the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the signal to be amplified is relatively low. Thus, the pumping illumination is coupled from the first fiber to the second fiber to stimulate the doping material in the second fiber, while the signal to be amplified remains relatively uncoupled, and is amplified by the coherent light emitted by the lasing material.
摘要翻译： 光纤双向放大器包括一对并排配置的小直径光纤，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有将以信号频率变化的材料 放大 待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。 第一和第二纤维的折射率基本上相同，但由一对纤维之间的几何关系提供的耦合特性产生了与波长相关的耦合效率。 具体地说，在泵浦源的波长处的耦合效率相对较高，而要放大的信号的波长的耦合效率相对较低。 因此，泵浦照明从第一光纤耦合到第二光纤以刺激第二光纤中的掺杂材料，而待放大的信号保持相对不耦合，并且由激光材料发射的相干光放大。
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公开(公告)号：US5546484A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US453540
申请日：1995-05-25
CPC分类号： G02B6/283
摘要： A fiber optic switch module that can be incorporated into switch designs characterized by negligible crosstalk. The switch module is capable of operation over two wavelength bands. A 2.times.2 switch module has an open or bar state in which polished portions of the fiber segments are separated from each other and a closed or cross state where the polished portions are in optical contact with each other. The module has arbitrarily low crosstalk in the bar state, but typically some crosstalk in the cross state. In one embodiment, the third port of a first 2.times.2 module is coupled to the first port a second 2.times.2 module while no connections are-made to the second ports of the modules or to the third port of the second module. Fiber parameters (core radius and numerical aperture) and fabrication parameters (radius of curvature of the fibers in the interaction region and minimum edge-to-edge spacing between the fiber cores) are chosen so that the switch module has high coupling ratio (close to unity) in two distinct wavelength bands.
摘要翻译： 光纤开关模块可以结合在开关设计中，其特征在于可忽略的串扰。 开关模块能够在两个波段上工作。 2×2开关模块具有打开状态或条状状态，其中光纤段的抛光部分彼此分离，并且抛光部分彼此光学接触的封闭或交叉状态。 该模块在条形状态下具有任意低的串扰，但通常在交叉状态下具有一些串扰。 在一个实施例中，第一2x2模块的第三端口耦合到第一端口第二2x2模块，而没有连接到模块的第二端口或第二模块的第三端口。 选择纤维参数（芯半径和数值孔径）和制造参数（纤维在相互作用区域中的曲率半径和最小边缘到边缘间距），以使开关模块具有高耦合比（接近于 统一）在两个不同的波段。
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公开(公告)号：US5082349A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US541091
申请日：1990-06-20
CPC分类号： G02F1/3775 , G02F1/0353
摘要： A mode converter comprises an a-axis LiNbO.sub.3 optical fiber exhibiting a ferroelectric bi-domain structure. The fiber is subject to an electrical field that induces a +.pi./2 phase retardation in one domain of the fiber and a -.pi./2 phase retardation in the other domain. A light signal launched in the fundamental mode of the fiber is converted into a light signal propagating in the second order mode. When the electrical field is selected so that the phase retardations are not multiples of .pi./2, the mode conversion is partial and the LiNbO.sub.3 fiber can operate as an optical switch or as an amplitude modulator. The mode converter can also be operated as a second harmonic generator. The fiber is heated to a phase matching temperature so that a signal launched in the fundamental mode of the fiber and at a frequency .omega. is converted to the second order mode at a frequency 2.omega.. The LiNbO.sub.3 fiber can also simultaneously operate as an optical switch and as a second harmonic generator. Other non-linear interactions are possible such as sum or difference frequency generation or parametric generation. The various embodiments of the present invention are reciprocal.
摘要翻译： 模式转换器包括呈现铁电双畴结构的a轴LiNbO 3光纤。 纤维经受电场，其在纤维的一个区域中引起+π/ 2相位延迟，并在另一个域中引起a-π/ 2相位延迟。 以光纤的基本模式发射的光信号被转换成以二阶模式传播的光信号。 当选择电场使得相位延迟不是pi / 2的倍数时，模式转换是部分的，并且LiNbO 3光纤可以作为光开关或调幅器工作。 模式转换器也可以作为二次谐波发生器运行。 将光纤加热到相位匹配温度，使得以光纤的基本模式发射的信号以频率ω被转换为频率为2ω的二阶模式。 LiNbO3光纤也可以作为光开关和二次谐波发生器同时工作。 其他非线性相互作用是可能的，例如和或差频产生或参数生成。 本发明的各种实施例是相互的。
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公开(公告)号：US4986624A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-22
申请号：US147095
申请日：1988-01-20
申请人： Wayne V. Sorin , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Wayne V. Sorin , Herbert J. Shaw
CPC分类号： G02B6/29334 , G02B6/14
摘要： A periodic grating structure is placed on a facing surface formed on an optical fiber so that the grating structure is within a portion of the evanescent field of an optical signal propagating through the optical fiber. The spatial periodicity of the grating structure is selected to be equal to one-half the propagation wavelength of the optical signal. The grating structure causes the optical signal to be reflected at an angle of 180 degress and thus to propagate in a reverse direction from its original direction of propagation.
摘要翻译： 周期性光栅结构被放置在形成在光纤上的面对表面上，使得光栅结构位于通过光纤传播的光信号的消逝场的一部分内。 选择光栅结构的空间周期等于光信号的传播波长的一半。 光栅结构使得光信号以180度的角度被反射，并因此从其原始的传播方向沿相反的方向传播。
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公开(公告)号：US4832437A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-23
申请号：US48142
申请日：1987-05-11
CPC分类号： G02B6/14 , G02B6/2821 , G02F1/0134
摘要： An optical fiber is subjected to a series of traveling flexural waves propagating along a length of the fiber. At least a portion of an optical signal propagating within the optical fiber in a first propagation mode is coupled to a second propagation mode. The optical signal in the second propagation mode has a frequency which is equal to either the sum of or the difference between the frequency of the optical signal in the first propagation mode and the frequency of the traveling flexural waves. The frequency of the optical signal in the second propagation mode is shifted upward or downward from the frequency of the optical signal in the first propagation mode as determined by the direction of propagation of the first optical signal with respect to the direction of propagation of the traveling flexural waves, and as also determined by whether the phase propagation velocity of the optical signal in the first propagation mode is greater than or less than the propagation velocity of the optical signal in the second propagation mode.
摘要翻译： 光纤经受沿纤维长度传播的一系列行进弯曲波。 以第一传播模式在光纤内传播的光信号的至少一部分耦合到第二传播模式。 第二传播模式中的光信号具有等于第一传播模式中的光信号的频率与行进的弯曲波的频率的和之和的频率的频率。 第二传播模式中的光信号的频率从第一传播模式中的光信号的频率向上或向下偏移，由第一光信号相对于传播的传播方向的传播方向确定 弯曲波，并且还根据第一传播模式中的光信号的相位传播速度是否大于或小于第二传播模式中的光信号的传播速度来确定。
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