Abstract:
Methods and related systems are described for estimating fluid or rock properties from NMR measurements. A modified pulse sequence is provided that can directly provide moments of relaxation-time or diffusion distributions. This pulse sequence can be adapted to the desired moment of relaxation-time or diffusion coefficient. The data from this pulse sequence provides direct estimates of fluid properties such as average chain length and viscosity of a hydrocarbon. In comparison to the uniformly-spaced pulse sequence, these pulse sequences are faster and have a lower error bar in computing the fluid properties.
Abstract:
A piezoelectric unit 1 includes a piezoelectric element that causes thickness shear vibration, a first electrode provided on one surface of the piezoelectric element, a second electrode and a third electrode which are provided on an opposite surface to the one surface which is provided with the first electrode of the piezoelectric element and are electrically insulated from each other, and a switching portion that is connected to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode, in which the switching portion can switch measurement modes between a mass/viscoelasticity measurement mode for measuring mass of a substance which is in contact with the piezoelectric element or viscoelasticity by vibrating the piezoelectric element, and an electrical characteristic measurement mode for measuring electrical characteristics between the second electrode and the third electrode.
Abstract:
A high precision, reciprocating bob viscometer is shown that has two coils (A and B) encircling a reciprocating bob. Coil A is energized with a combined sinusoidal and DC signal, while coil B senses the position of the reciprocating bob, then the functions of coils A and B are reversed. By use of a large digitally-generated near resonance frequency sinusoidal signal, noise is reduced because there is no need for amplification. The sensed signal amplitude measurement is in the digital time domain instead of through analog amplitude measurements, which further eliminates signal noise. These advancements provide faster, highly accurate, low noise measurements of bob position and velocity to determine fluid/gas viscosity and related properties using a reciprocating bob viscometer. These related properties include measurements of density, shear sensitivity, yield stress, and other measurements described in prior art patents.
Abstract:
A method for measuring the properties of a fluid that uses a torsionally resonant structure having a base structure; at least two parallel tines affixed to the base structure and projecting in the same direction from the base structure; and wherein the base structure is sufficiently compliant as to mutually couple the tines so that they behave as a single resonator when the tines are driven in synchronized manner. The torsionally resonant structure is immersed in the fluid to be measured and a tine driving mechanism is used to drive the tines torsionally. A tine movement sensing mechanism form measurements of tine movement response to the driving mechanism and the measurements of tine movement to form measurements of fluid properties.
Abstract:
An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium, comprising: an oscillatable unit, which has a membrane and at least one oscillatable element, wherein the oscillatable element is secured to the membrane at least in a first securement region and in a second securement region. At least one driving/receiving unit, which excites the oscillatable unit to execute mechanical oscillations and which produces a received signal dependent on the oscillations of the oscillatable unit; and a control/evaluation unit, which evaluates the received signal with reference to the process variable. The apparatus is distinguished by features including that the driving/receiving unit is embodied in such a manner and arranged on a rear face of the membrane facing away from the oscillatable element that the oscillatable element executes torsional oscillations.
Abstract:
There is provided a system and method for the measurements of viscoelastic properties of a soft sample in which the system incorporates a sample holder that has a membrane with a flexural rigidity that is less than the flexural rigidity of the main body and allowing vibration of the membrane-sample vibration unit in response to a vibration excitation to create resonance vibration modes that are detected to derive the viscoelastic properties.
Abstract:
An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium in a container which comprises a mechanically oscillatable structure, which has at least one oscillation characteristic dependent on the process variable, an electromechanical transducer having at least one piezoelectric element, which excites the structure, by means of an excitation signal supplied to the transducer, to execute mechanical oscillations, and which converts the resulting oscillations of the structure into a received signal, which corresponds to a superpositioning of the excitation signal and a wanted signal representing the oscillation. A reference element in parallel with the transducer and supplied with the excitation signal, via which a reference signal independent of the oscillation and corresponding to the excitation signal is tapped, and an electronics, which, based on the received signal and the reference signal, extracts the wanted signal, and, based on the wanted signal, determines and/or monitors the process variable, wherein, for automatic measuring of temperature of the transducer, the electronics includes a temperature measuring device, which supplies the transducer and the reference element, in temperature measurement operation, with an auxiliary signal, whose frequency lies outside a frequency range predetermined by a resonant frequency of the oscillatory structure, and, based on the wanted signal extracted in temperature measurement operation, determines a temperature of the transducer.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for determining the degree of branching of modified polymers wherein the polymers are modified in the sense that their degree of branching after polymerization was increased once more, wherein the modified polymers are treated with a polar transformation mixture comprising a compound of general formula (I) R1—S—S—R1 (I) wherein the Mooney viscosity (ML 1+4 at 100° C.) of the polymers is determined before and after the treatment with the polar transformation mixture and the degree of branching is determined.
Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to the field of chemical and biological sensors and in particular to micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors for measuring fluid viscosity and detection of minute amounts of chemicals and biological agents in fluids. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sensor that will work in disposable cartridges with remote sensing that can measure dynamic changes of the functionalized cantilevers in liquid and gas environment.
Abstract:
A well plate (1) for holding samples of a bodily fluid during analysis thereof, typically in an analytical apparatus, includes a plate (2) having a plurality of first wells (3) extending downwardly therefrom for holding a sample during optical analysis of the sample, and a plurality of second wells (4) for holding samples during mechanical analysis of the samples. A plurality of holding wells (8) are provided for initially receiving and holding samples of the bodily fluid to be analysed so that samples of relatively accurate size can be pipetted from the holding wells (8) to the first and second wells (3,4).