Abstract:
As a tape recording format, tracks are formed by a succession of block units, and a data unit called a group is formed by data of size equivalent to a predetermined plurality of tracks. Using this format, a base group number indicating the group to which the current track physically belongs is recorded in the ID information for a track, and the lower four bits or similar of a group number indicating the group to which the current block logically belongs is recorded within a block. By this means, even if rewriting is performed in block units and a recorded state results in which the blocks of a plurality of groups are intermixed within a track, the group to which each block belongs can be correctly identified during reproduction.
Abstract:
According to the present invention, oxygen and nitrogen are effectively prevented from mixing into the semiconductor film by doping Ar or the like in the semiconductor film in advance, and by irradiating the laser light in the atmosphere of Ar or the like. Therefore, the variation of the impurity concentration due to the fluctuation of the energy density can be suppressed and the variation of the mobility of the semiconductor film can be also suppressed. Moreover, in TFT formed with the semiconductor film, the variation of the on-current in addition to the mobility can be also suppressed. Furthermore, in the present invention, the first laser light converted into the harmonic easily absorbed in the semiconductor film is irradiated to melt the semiconductor film and to increase the absorption coefficient of the fundamental wave.
Abstract:
An equipment and method for charging a secondary battery are provided to quickly and surely charge a secondary battery (secondary batteries) while preventing the secondary battery (batteries) from overcharging or insufficient charging. Special charging voltage Es is applied to a secondary battery for a predetermined time, and then the applied voltage is switched to equilibrium voltage Eeq for establishing equilibrium cell potential of the secondary battery in its fully charged condition, wherein the special charging value Es is larger than the equilibrium value Eeq. Electric current i is detected while application of the equilibrium voltage Eeq. If the detected electric current i is larger than standard electric current J for finishing charging, the above detection and charging are repeated; otherwise, charge of the secondary battery 1 is halted.
Abstract:
A pressure sensor, a pressure control apparatus, and a flow rate control apparatus are provided to automatically correct temperature drift of the pressure sensor and accurately detect pressure despite changes in temperature. An embodiment includes an upstream side pressure sensor between an orifice and a control valve, to control flow rate through the orifice by a regulating control valve, while calculating the flow from the upstream side pressure. With a temperature sensor, a memory means, and a temperature drift correcting means which calculates drift of the upstream side pressure sensor from data in the memory means when the temperature of the fluid changes and offsets the output drift of the upstream side pressure sensor with the calculated amount of the output drift, temperature drift of the pressure sensor is automatically corrected, enabling accurate control of flow rate.
Abstract:
According to the present invention, oxygen and nitrogen are effectively prevented from mixing into the semiconductor film by doping Ar or the like in the semiconductor film in advance, and by irradiating the laser light in the atmosphere of Ar or the like. Therefore, the variation of the impurity concentration due to the fluctuation of the energy density can be suppressed and the variation of the mobility of the semiconductor film can be also suppressed. Moreover, in TFT formed with the semiconductor film, the variation of the on-current in addition to the mobility can be also suppressed. Furthermore, in the present invention, the first laser light converted into the harmonic easily absorbed in the semiconductor film is irradiated to melt the semiconductor film and to increase the absorption coefficient of the fundamental wave.
Abstract:
An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for producing stable plasma. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus having a long-lasting cathode electrode which is superior in field emission characteristic since the plasma density has to be raised in order to increase the throughput. The structure of the plasma producing apparatus of the present invention relates to a plasma producing apparatus with a plasma chamber surrounded by walls to make material gas into plasma, characterized in the plasma chamber has a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, means for introducing the material gas, and exhaust means, and that a carbon nano tube is formed on a surface of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode is formed on the surface of the cathode electrode.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for forming a wiring having a minute shape on a large substrate with a small number of steps, and further a wiring substrate formed by the method. Moreover, the present invention provides a semiconductor device in which cost reduction and throughput improvement are possible due to the small number of steps and reduction of materials and which has a semiconductor element with a minute structure, and further a manufacturing method thereof. According to the present invention, a composition including metal particles and organic resin is irradiated with laser light and a part of the metal particles is baked to form a conductive layer typified by a wiring, an electrode or the like over a substrate. Further, a semiconductor device having the baked conductive layer as a wiring or an electrode is formed.
Abstract:
The problem is to provide a technology to reduce a light leakage current in order to obtain a good display. One kind or plurality kinds of elements chosen from argon, germanium, silicon, helium, neon, krypton, and xenon are implanted in a crystalline semiconductor layer, to distribute crystal defects due to the aforementioned element implantation by uniform and suitable density in the semiconductor film, making recombination centers of carriers, to thereby suppress alight sensitivity without spoiling a high degree of carrier movement included in a crystalline semiconductor layer.
Abstract:
When the data recording is performed on a magnetic tape in various recording densities, information relating to the recording density (recording-density related information) is recorded in the data recorded on the magnetic tape. Accordingly, recording and reproduction can be properly managed by referring to the recording-density related information, even if data in various recording densities are recorded on the same magnetic tape.Further, when the recording density is altered, the drive apparatus side switches over the recording density in accordance with the quality of recording data. Thus, in the case where the data writing is not possible due to a recording error, the recording density is switched over to a lower recording density to record the data without an error, and therefore a higher flexibility is provided to a data format to be recorded on the magnetic tape.
Abstract:
A pressure-type flow rate control apparatus controls the flow rate of fluid passing through an orifice to a target flow rate. The flow rate of a compressible fluid under non-critical conditions (sub-sonic) passing through the orifice is calculated by: Qc=KP2m(P1−P2)n so that the flow rate can be controlled to the target flow rate with high precision and speed. Also provided is an improved pressure-type flow rate control apparatus in which a pressure ratio P2/P1=r, obtained from an upstream pressure P1 and a downstream pressure P2 is constantly compared with a critical value r, and under critical conditions (r≦rc), the flow rate is calculated by: Qc=KP1. Under non-critical conditions (r>rc), the flow rate is calculated by Qc=KP2m(P1−P2)n.