公开(公告)号：US4161393A

公开(公告)日：1979-07-17

申请号：US882483

申请日：1978-03-01

Applicant: Paul Rudolph ,  Uwe D. Marwig

Inventor： Paul Rudolph ,  Uwe D. Marwig

IPC: C01B3/12 ,  C01B3/16 ,  C10J3/00

CPC classification number: C01B3/16 ,  C01B3/12

Abstract: In a process for producing a fuel gas from a solid fuel by a gasification of solid fuel under a pressure of about 15-100 bars by a treatment with steam and a gas which contains free oxygen, cooling the raw gas to a temperature of about 150.degree.-200.degree. C. and saturating it with water vapor, removing condensate which has formed so that the raw gas contains hydrocarbons having a boiling range from about 20.degree. to 400.degree. C. in an amount of about 10-100 g per standard m.sup.3 of dry gas and has a CO:H.sub.2 O volume ratio of about 0.8-2, and subjecting the raw gas to a shift conversion, the improvement which comprises dividing the raw gas into first and second partial streams in a ratio of about 1:10 to 1:1, feeding the first partial stream with a surplus of water vapor to a first shift conversion stage at an inlet temperature of about 280.degree.-450.degree. C., and passing through a second shift conversion stage a mixture of effluent gas from the first shift conversion stage and at least part of the second partial stream of raw gas at a temperature of about 300.degree.-500.degree. C., while maintaining a pressure of about 15-100 bars in the shift conversion stages. Advantageously water vapor is added to the raw gas entering the first shift conversion stage in at least about 70% of the stoichiometric amount required for shift conversion of all the carbon monoxide contained in the entire raw gas.

Abstract translation: 在通过用蒸汽和含有游离氧的气体处理的情况下通过固体燃料在约15-100巴的压力下气化生产燃料气体的方法中，将原料气体冷却至约150℃ DEG-200℃，并用水蒸汽饱和，除去形成的原料气体含有沸点范围约20-400℃的烃，其量约为10-100克/标准立方米 的干燥气体，CO:H 2的体积比为约0.8-2，对原料气体进行转化转化，其改进包括将原料气体分成第一和第二部分流，比例为约1:10至 如图1：1所示，在约280℃-450℃的入口温度下将具有多余水蒸汽的第一部分流供给到第一变换级，并且通过第二转换转化阶段来自 第一班转换阶段和至少一部分仲裁 在约300-500℃的温度下进行原料气的部分流，同时在转换转化阶段保持约15-100巴的压力。 有利的是，在进入第一转换转化阶段的原料气体中，在整个原料气体中包含的所有一氧化碳的转化转化所需的化学计量量的至少约70％中加入水蒸气。

公开(公告)号：US3931389A

公开(公告)日：1976-01-06

申请号：US517343

申请日：1974-10-23

Applicant: Karl Bratzler ,  Alexander Dorges ,  Georg Kempf ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Johann Schlauer

Inventor： Karl Bratzler ,  Alexander Dorges ,  Georg Kempf ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Johann Schlauer

IPC: B01D53/48 ,  C10K1/12 ,  B01D53/34

CPC classification number: C10K1/122 ,  B01D53/48

Abstract: Gases produced by reacting fuels with oxygen containing gases and water vapor under pressure are desulfurized by scrubbing with a concentrated solution of one or more alkali salts of weak inorganic acids at a temperature near the atmospheric-pressure boiling point of the solution in a column while maintaining an exchange ratio of from 0.2 to 2.0 cubic meters of the concentrated solution per standard cubic meter hydrogen sulfide in the gas to be purified.

Abstract translation: 在燃料与含氧气体和水蒸汽在压力下反应生成的气体通过一个或多个弱无机酸的碱金属盐的浓缩溶液在塔的溶液的大气压沸点附近的温度下进行脱硫，同时保持 待纯化气体中标准立方米硫化氢的浓缩溶液的0.2至2.0立方米的交换比。

公开(公告)号：US5198033A

公开(公告)日：1993-03-30

申请号：US785857

申请日：1991-10-31

Applicant: James Kelley ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Gordon R. Helmer ,  Daniel C. Haeg ,  Roger C. Erickson

Inventor： James Kelley ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Gordon R. Helmer ,  Daniel C. Haeg ,  Roger C. Erickson

IPC: B29C59/14

CPC classification number: H01J37/32082 ,  B29C59/142 ,  H01J37/3277 ,  H01J2237/336 ,  H01J2237/338

Abstract: A plasma treatment apparatus for treating strip-stock material, such as tubing, wire, webs, and the like, by moving the strip-stock through a plasma treatment region of the apparatus provides improved consistency of surface treatment if the tension on the material is maintained within a predetermined range.

Abstract translation: 用于处理带状原料的管等离子体处理装置，例如管，线，腹板等，通过移动带状原料通过设备的等离子体处理区域，如果材料上的张力为 保持在预定范围内。

公开(公告)号：US4556402A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-03

申请号：US589602

申请日：1984-03-14

Applicant: Paul Rudolph ,  Martin Hirsch

Inventor： Paul Rudolph ,  Martin Hirsch

IPC: C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/16

CPC classification number: C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: Coarse-grained fuels are gasified in a moving bed under a pressure of 5 to 150 bars with oxygen, water vapor and, if desired, carbon dioxide. The resulting product gas is at temperatures of 250.degree. to 700.degree. C. and is cooled to temperatures in the range from 120.degree. to 220.degree. C. to form an aqueous condensate, which contains distillation products and is known as gas liquor. The gas liquor obtained by the gasification in a moving bed is pressure-relieved to atmospheric or a higher pressure and the flashed-off vapor is supplied to the fluidized bed gasifier. In the fluidized bed gasifier, fine-grained solid fuels are gasified under a pressure which is lower than that in the moving bed.The flashed-off vapor supplied to the fluidized bed supplies at least one-half of the water vapor required for the gasification in the fluidized bed. The water vapor contained in the product gas formed by the gasification in the fluidized bed is cooled and the resulting condensate is treated separately from the gas liquor obtained by the gasification in a moving bed.

Abstract translation: 粗粉末燃料在5至150巴的压力下在氧气，水蒸汽和如果需要的情况下二氧化碳气化在移动床中。 所得产物气体在250-700℃的温度下冷却至120℃至220℃的温度，形成含有蒸馏产物的水性冷凝物，称为气液。 通过在移动床中气化获得的气体液体被压力释放到大气压或更高的压力，并将闪蒸的蒸气供应到流化床气化器。 在流化床气化炉中，细粒固体燃料在比移动床低的压力下气化。 供应到流化床的闪蒸蒸气供应流化床中气化所需的水蒸汽的至少一半。 将通过流化床中的气化形成的产物气体中所含的水蒸汽冷却，并将所得的冷凝物与在移动床中通过气化获得的气体液体分开处理。

公开(公告)号：US4405340A

公开(公告)日：1983-09-20

申请号：US272429

申请日：1981-06-10

Applicant: Hans Kupfer ,  Paul Rudolph

Inventor： Hans Kupfer ,  Paul Rudolph

IPC: C10J3/30

CPC classification number: C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976

Abstract: The apparatus serves to continuously charge coarse-grained and fine-grained solid fuels by means of a rotary distributor onto a fixed bed of fuel. The fixed bed is disposed within a reactor for gasifying the fuels. Gasifying agents comprising oxygen, steam and/or carbon dioxide are passed through the fixed bed from below. Residual matter left after the gasification is withdrawn under the fixed bed as solid ash or liquid slag. Fine-grained fuel having a mean particle size up to 5 mm are placed onto the fixed bed as helical layers separately form more coarsely grained fuel having a mean particle size above 5 mm. The more coarsely grained fuel is deposited directly on fine-grained fuel which has just been deposited.The gasifier comprises a rotary distributor that includes at least one passage for the fine-grained fuel and at least one passage for the more coarsely grained fuel. The inlet of the passage for fine-grained fuel is disposed near the center of the rotary distributor. The inlet of the passage for the more coarsely grained fuel is disposed near the periphery of the rotary distributor.

Abstract translation: 该装置用于通过旋转分配器将粗粒和细粒固体燃料连续地装载到固定的燃料床上。 固定床设置在用于使燃料气化的反应器内。 包含氧气，蒸汽和/或二氧化碳的气化剂从下方通过固定床。 气化后留下的剩余物质在固定床下作为固体灰分或液体渣排出。 将平均粒径达5mm的细粒度燃料放置在固定床上，螺旋层分别形成平均粒度大于5mm的更粗粒度的燃料。 更粗糙的燃料直接沉积在刚刚沉积的细粒燃料上。 气化器包括旋转分配器，其包括用于细粒燃料的至少一个通道和用于更粗粒度燃料的至少一个通道。 用于细粒度燃料的通道的入口设置在旋转分配器的中心附近。 用于更粗粒度燃料的通道的入口设置在旋转分配器的周边附近。

公开(公告)号：US4089659A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-16

申请号：US771724

申请日：1977-02-24

Applicant: Gerhard Baron ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

Inventor： Gerhard Baron ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

IPC: C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J1/06

CPC classification number: C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: A process for producing lean gases in which solid fuels are gasified under superatmospheric pressure by a treatment with free oxygen-containing gases, water vapor, and other gasifying agents. In the process, fuel and gasifying agent are caused to flow in opposite directions, about 1.5 to 3.5 kg of water vapor are added per standard m.sup.3 of free oxygen in the gasifying agent, about 70% of the lump coal to be gasified has a particle size from above 2 mm to about 30 mm and the remaining coal has a particle size below about 2 mm. The ballast content, consisting of water and ash, amounts to at least about 15% by weight, most of the mineral constituents have a particle size of about 2 to 30 mm and the ash which becomes available in the gasification process is withdrawn from the reactor shaft at temperatures above about 250.degree. C. Raw gas is withdrawn at temperatures above about 350.degree. C, coal is reacted in a water-cooled, double-walled reactor chamber and the resulting jacket steam is used to cool the grate and as a reactant. The rate at which steam consisting of extraneous steam and jacket steam is added to the gasifying agent is so adjusted in the above-mentioned range of about 1.5 to 3.5 kg per standard m.sup.3 of oxygen, that the nitrogen content of the dry raw product gas does not exceed about 50% by volume.

Abstract translation: 一种生产贫气的方法，其中固体燃料通过用游离的含氧气体，水蒸气和其它气化剂的处理在超大气压下气化。 在此过程中，使燃料和气化剂沿相反的方向流动，气化剂中每标准立方米游离氧含有约1.5至3.5公斤水蒸汽，约70％待气化的块煤具有颗粒 尺寸从2mm到大约30mm，剩余的煤的粒度小于约2mm。 由水和灰组成的压载物含量至少为约15重量％，矿物成分的大部分具有约2至30毫米的粒度，并且在气化过程中变得可用的灰分从反应器中排出 在高于约250℃的温度下将原料气在高于约350℃的温度下排出，煤在水冷却的双壁反应器室中反应，所得夹套蒸汽用于冷却炉排和作为反应物 。 将由外来蒸汽和夹套蒸汽组成的蒸汽加入到气化剂中的速率在上述约1.5至3.5kg /标准立方米氧气的范围内进行调节，干燥原料气体的氮含量 不超过约50％。

公开(公告)号：US4031030A

公开(公告)日：1977-06-21

申请号：US665670

申请日：1976-03-10

Applicant: Paul Rudolph

Inventor： Paul Rudolph

IPC: C10K1/04 ,  C10K1/06 ,  C01B2/02

CPC classification number: C10K1/06 ,  C10K1/04 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: Process for treating raw gas produced by the gasification of coal under elevated pressures and temperatures by a treatment with oxygen and steam and, if desired, additional gasifying agents such as carbon dioxide. The raw gas leaving the gas producer is cooled in a first condensing stage to a temperature which is in the range of 150.degree.-220.degree. C and 3.degree.-25.degree. C below the dew point temperature of the raw gas. The resulting condensate is withdrawn and the raw gas is conducted through at least one additional condensing stage. The condensate of the first condensing stage is treated independently of the condensate from the further stage or stages.

Abstract translation: 通过用氧气和蒸汽的处理以及如果需要的话，在升高的压力和温度下，通过气化气化产生的原料气体的方法，还有其它气化剂如二氧化碳。 离开气体生产者的原料气体在第一冷凝阶段被冷却到低于原始气体露点温度的150℃-220℃和3℃-25℃的温度。 所产生的冷凝物被抽出，并且原料气体通过至少一个附加的冷凝级传导。 处理第一冷凝级的冷凝物独立于来自另外的级或级的冷凝物。

公开(公告)号：US4014664A

公开(公告)日：1977-03-29

申请号：US622182

申请日：1975-10-10

Applicant: Hans Kupfer ,  Paul Lange ,  Paul Rudolph

Inventor： Hans Kupfer ,  Paul Lange ,  Paul Rudolph

IPC: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/16

CPC classification number: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976

Abstract: A reactor for the pressure gasification of coal by treatment with oxygen and steam and, if desired, additional gasifying agents, at elevated temperatures and pressures, includes a water-cooled jacket and a rotary grate for moving the material to be gasified and for distributing the gasifying agents introduced into the reactor. The rotary grate is made of at least two concentric parts each of which rotates independly of the other part.

Abstract translation: 用于通过用氧气和蒸汽处理并且如果需要的另外的气化剂在升高的温度和压力下对煤进行加压气化的反应器包括用于移动被气化的材料的水冷套管和旋转炉排， 引入反应器的气化剂。 旋转炉排由至少两个同心部分制成，每个同心部分独立于另一部分旋转。

公开(公告)号：US3937620A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-10

申请号：US499095

申请日：1974-08-20

Applicant: Paul Rudolph ,  Hans Kupfer ,  Werner Schmidt

Inventor： Paul Rudolph ,  Hans Kupfer ,  Werner Schmidt

IPC: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/16

CPC classification number: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976

Abstract: Coal is gasified under elevated pressures and temperatures in a reactor having a rotatably mounted grate and supply conduits for oxygen-containing and oxygen-free gasifying agents. The rotary grate contains an internal chamber adjacent to the bearing for the grate and one of the supply conduits is adapted to feed an oxygen-free fluid to this internal chamber. The uppermost portion of the rotary grate contains a substantially closed internal chamber which has a supply conduit for feeding an oxygen-free fluid thereto. A mixing chamber is positioned between the uppermost chamber and the chamber adjacent the bearing for the grate and is provided with passages which lead to the charge to be gasified. The mixing chamber communicates with the uppermost chamber as well as the chamber adjacent the bearing and also has a supply conduit for feeding gasifying agents containing free oxygen thereto.The process disclosed involves maintaining those portions of the rotary grate having the least resistance to free oxygen in a steam atmosphere.

公开(公告)号：US3930811A

公开(公告)日：1976-01-06

申请号：US507178

申请日：1974-09-18

Applicant: Heinz Hiller ,  Paul Rudolph

Inventor： Heinz Hiller ,  Paul Rudolph

IPC: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/16

CPC classification number: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976

Abstract: A reactor for the continuous gasification of coal under superatmospheric pressures and elevated temperatures with gaseous gasifying agents containing free oxygen and with oxygen-free gasifying agents such as steam and/or carbon dioxide is disclosed. The reactor includes a substantially conical rotary grate which is rotatably mounted in the lower portion of the reactor housing. The rotary grate feeds the gasifying agent and/or discharges the gasification residues. Notwithstanding the inside diameter of the reactor housing, the clearance a between the rotary grate and the housing is 100-200 millimeters, the height b of the annular rim of the rotary grate is 100-350 millimeters, and the vertical distance c from the rotary grate to the housing bottom is 100-350 millimeters.