公开(公告)号：US20140078193A1

公开(公告)日：2014-03-20

申请号：US14023420

申请日：2013-09-10

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Ulrich T. Barnhoefer ,  Robert E. Jeter

IPC: G09G3/36

CPC classification number: G09G5/10 ,  G09G3/3406 ,  G09G3/3607 ,  G09G2320/0271 ,  G09G2320/0626 ,  G09G2320/0646 ,  G09G2360/16

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided for generating a tone mapping function used in adjusting the power consumed by a backlight of an electronic display. One such method includes sampling an image frame in framebuffer space and generating a tone mapping function in linear space. The tone mapping function may have at least two portions: a nondistorting portion that does not to distort pixels to which it applies when an intensity of a backlight of the electronic display is modified and a distorting portion that does distort pixels to which it applies when the intensity of the backlight is modified. Thereafter, the intensity of the backlight may be modified based at least in part on the nondistorting portion of the tone mapping function, the tone mapping function converted to framebuffer space, and the tone mapping function applied to the image frame or a subsequent image frame.

Abstract translation: 提供了系统，方法和装置，用于产生用于调节电子显示器的背光消耗的功率的色调映射功能。 一种这样的方法包括对帧缓冲空间中的图像帧进行采样并在线性空间中产生色调映射函数。 色调映射功能可以具有至少两个部分：当电子显示器的背光的强度被修改时，不会使其应用的像素失真的非失真部分，以及当该 改变背光的强度。 此后，可以至少部分地基于色调映射功能的非安排部分，转换为帧缓冲器空间的色调映射功能和应用于图像帧或后续图像帧的色调映射功能来修改背光的强度。

公开(公告)号：US20140078166A1

公开(公告)日：2014-03-20

申请号：US14023412

申请日：2013-09-10

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Ulrich T. Barnhoefer ,  Robert E. Jeter

IPC: G09G5/10

CPC classification number: G09G5/10 ,  G09G3/3406 ,  G09G3/3607 ,  G09G2320/0271 ,  G09G2320/0626 ,  G09G2320/0646 ,  G09G2360/16

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided for histogram generation and evaluation used in adjusting the power consumed by a backlight of an electronic display. One such method involves generating a pixel brightness histogram of an image frame passing through a pixel pipeline in a nonlinear space. One or more pixel brightness values from the histogram may be selected before being converted from the nonlinear space into a linear space. A tone mapping function and backlight intensity are determined based at least in part on the one or more pixel brightness values in the linear space. The resulting tone mapping function is converted to the nonlinear space and applied to the image frame or a subsequent image frame in the pixel pipeline. The pixels of the image frame to which the nondistorting portion of the tone mapping function is applied may appear substantially undistorted despite a reduction in backlight intensity.

Abstract translation: 提供了系统，方法和设备用于调整电子显示器的背光消耗的功率的直方图生成和评估。 一种这样的方法涉及生成通过非线性空间中的像素流水线的图像帧的像素亮度直方图。 在从非线性空间转换成线性空间之前，可以选择来自直方图的一个或多个像素亮度值。 至少部分地基于线性空间中的一个或多个像素亮度值来确定色调映射功能和背光强度。 所得到的色调映射函数被转换为非线性空间，并应用于像素管线中的图像帧或后续图像帧。 即使应用了色调映射功能的非失真部分的图像帧的像素也可能基本上不失真，尽管背光强度降低。

公开(公告)号：US20240295976A1

公开(公告)日：2024-09-05

申请号：US18658740

申请日：2024-05-08

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Robert E. Jeter ,  Jingkui Zheng ,  Ritesh J. Shah ,  Veera Chockalingam ,  Naveen Kumar Korada

IPC: G06F3/06 ,  G11C11/4076 ,  G11C11/4096 ,  G11C29/50

CPC classification number: G06F3/0632 ,  G06F3/0614 ,  G06F3/0658 ,  G06F3/0673 ,  G11C11/4076 ,  G11C11/4096 ,  G11C29/50

Abstract: Memory calibration with a margin check is disclosed. A memory subsystem includes a memory and a memory controller coupled to the memory. The memory controller includes a calibration circuit configured to perform, during an initialization process, horizontal memory calibrations for ones of a plurality of performance states and to determine and store, in a storage circuit, information indicative of a set of differences between calibration results for pairs of the plurality of performance states. The memory controller is further configured to, subsequent to the initialization process and in response to a change from a first one of the plurality of performance states to a second one of the plurality of performance states set initial memory parameters for the second performance state based on the set of differences. Thereafter, operation begins in the second performance state without performing an initial horizontal calibration.

公开(公告)号：US12014060B2

公开(公告)日：2024-06-18

申请号：US17929212

申请日：2022-09-01

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Robert E. Jeter ,  Jingkui Zheng ,  Ritesh J. Shah ,  Veera Chockalingam ,  Naveen Kumar Korada

IPC: G11C29/00 ,  G06F3/06 ,  G11C11/4076 ,  G11C11/4096 ,  G11C29/50

CPC classification number: G06F3/0632 ,  G06F3/0614 ,  G06F3/0658 ,  G06F3/0673 ,  G11C11/4076 ,  G11C11/4096 ,  G11C29/50

Abstract: Memory calibration with a margin check is disclosed. A memory subsystem includes a memory and a memory controller coupled to the memory. The memory controller includes a calibration circuit configured to perform, during an initialization process, horizontal memory calibrations for ones of a plurality of performance states and to determine and store, in a storage circuit, information indicative of a set of differences between calibration results for pairs of the plurality of performance states. The memory controller is further configured to, subsequent to the initialization process and in response to a change from a first one of the plurality of performance states to a second one of the plurality of performance states set initial memory parameters for the second performance state based on the set of differences. Thereafter, operation begins in the second performance state without performing an initial horizontal calibration.

公开(公告)号：US20220189519A1

公开(公告)日：2022-06-16

申请号：US17646741

申请日：2022-01-03

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Robert E. Jeter ,  Rakesh L. Notani ,  Kai Lun Hsiung ,  Venkata Ramana Malladi ,  Rahul Ranjan ,  Naveen Kumar Korada

IPC: G11C7/22 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G11C7/10

Abstract: A memory subsystem and method for performing calibrations therein is disclosed. A memory subsystem includes a memory controller coupled to a memory by a plurality of signal paths. The memory controller is configured to perform an initial calibration to determine respective eye patterns corresponding to the ones of the plurality of signal paths. For a subsequent calibrations, updated eye patterns are determined for a subset of the plurality of signal paths. Remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths (not included in the subset), are not active during the subsequent calibrations. Updated eye patterns for the remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths are determined based on information obtained during the initial calibration and information from signal paths in the subset designated proxies for the remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths.

公开(公告)号：US10991403B2

公开(公告)日：2021-04-27

申请号：US16277804

申请日：2019-02-15

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Robert E. Jeter ,  Rakesh L. Notani ,  Venkata R. Malladi

IPC: G11C7/22

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing memory calibration with endpoint replay is disclosed. A first calibration of a data strobe signal in a memory subsystem is performed. The first calibration includes determining initial values of first and second endpoints indicative of first and second delay values, respectively, applied to the data strobe signal. A second calibration of the data strobe signal is performed around these endpoints, within a range thereof that is less than a full range there between. Based on the second calibration, the endpoints are adjusted.

公开(公告)号：US20200266810A1

公开(公告)日：2020-08-20

申请号：US16277263

申请日：2019-02-15

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Robert E. Jeter ,  Rakesh L. Notani ,  Kai Lun Hsiung ,  Yanzhe Liu

IPC: H03K5/156 ,  H03K3/017 ,  G11C11/409

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing duty cycle correction with read/write calibrations is disclosed. A first calibration is performed in a memory subsystem having a memory and a memory controller. The first calibration includes conveying a first clock signal from the memory controller to the memory, and determining the duty cycle of the first clock signal. If the duty cycle is not within a specified range, the duty cycle is adjusted and the process repeated. After the duty cycle of the first clock signal is within the specified range, a second calibration is performed, the second calibration including conveying a second clock signal from the memory to the memory controller. The duty cycle of the first clock signal may be further adjusted based on the second calibration.

公开(公告)号：US10402121B2

公开(公告)日：2019-09-03

申请号：US15849945

申请日：2017-12-21

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Rakesh L. Notani ,  Robert E. Jeter

IPC: G06F3/06

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing performance state changes are disclosed. A power management circuit may be configured to receive requests for changes to first and second performance states for at least at least one memory of a plurality of memories. In response to a determination that a change to the first performance state is in progress, when the request to change to the second performance state is received, the power management controller may send a notification to a controller coupled to the memories. The controller may halt scheduling of memory interface calibration operations for the at least one memory based on the notification.

公开(公告)号：US10199011B2

公开(公告)日：2019-02-05

申请号：US14023420

申请日：2013-09-10

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Ulrich T. Barnhoefer ,  Robert E. Jeter

IPC: G09G3/36 ,  G09G5/10 ,  G09G3/34

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided for generating a tone mapping function used in adjusting the power consumed by a backlight of an electronic display. One such method includes sampling an image frame in framebuffer space and generating a tone mapping function in linear space. The tone mapping function may have at least two portions: a nondistorting portion that does not to distort pixels to which it applies when an intensity of a backlight of the electronic display is modified and a distorting portion that does distort pixels to which it applies when the intensity of the backlight is modified. Thereafter, the intensity of the backlight may be modified based at least in part on the nondistorting portion of the tone mapping function, the tone mapping function converted to framebuffer space, and the tone mapping function applied to the image frame or a subsequent image frame.

公开(公告)号：US09990973B1

公开(公告)日：2018-06-05

申请号：US15436212

申请日：2017-02-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Robert E. Jeter ,  Rakesh L. Notani ,  Fabien S. Faure

IPC: G11C7/22

CPC classification number: G06F13/42 ,  G11C2207/2254

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using neighboring sampling points in a memory subsystem calibration is disclosed. In one embodiment, a memory subsystem includes a memory and a memory controller coupled thereto. A calibration unit in the memory controller is configured to perform calibrations of a data strobe signal and a reference voltage to determine eye openings for signals conveyed between the memory and the memory controller. Performing the calibration includes determining a number of different calibration points and computing initial scores for each of the calibration points. The method further includes calculating adjusted scores for each calibration point. For a given calibration point, the adjusted score includes weighted values of one or more calibration points that are adjacent thereto. The method further includes selecting a calibration point having the highest adjusted score as the calibrated value.