摘要:
A cooling device for an arrangement with at least one electric component, particularly power electronics (1), for a vehicle, wherein the arrangement can be cooled by a fluid (2) using the method of evaporative cooling, includes a heat engine (4), in particular a steam turbine or a displacement machine for expanding fluid that is evaporated during evaporative cooling.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic nitriles starting from haloaromatics. These are reacted in a copper-catalysed reaction with potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) or potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) in the presence of heteroaromatic amines.
摘要:
Arylidene-substituted alkylcycloalkanones are prepared from alkyl-substituted cycloalkanones by reaction with aromatic carbonyl compounds in the presence of a basic catalyst and water.
摘要:
Polyaspartic acid is prepared by polymerization of aspartic acid, maleic acid anhydride, maleic acid or fumaric acid in a solvent at from 130.degree. C. to 300.degree. C., optionally in the presence of ammonia.
摘要:
The novel compound (2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-acetonitrile is prepared by chloromethylating 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran and reacting the resulting 2,3-dihydro-5-chloromethyl-benzofuran with a cyanide. (2,3-Dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-acetonitrile can be converted by saponification to (2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-acetic acid, an important intermediate for the manufacture of various pharmaceutical active substances. This intermediate has hitherto been obtainable only by a laborious procedure and in low yields.
摘要:
2-Substituted cyclopentanones are prepared by reacting adipic ester with an alkoxide in the presence of an inert solvent, thus obtaining a salt of the cyclopentanone-2-carboxylic ester, alkylating this without isolation, thus obtaining a 2-alkyl-cyclopentanone-2-carboxylic ester and, without isolation, hydrolysing and decarboxylating this by treatment with an acid and heating.
摘要:
A process has been found for the preparation of dialkyl maleates from maleic acid, maleic anhydride or monoalkyl maleates with C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alcohols, in particular ethanol, in the presence or absence of an acidic catalyst and at boiling heat, which is characterized in that the escaping water/alcohol/vapour mixture, together with its condensed phase if appropriate, is conducted as feed along a hydrophilic membrane at which it is purged of water and the dehydrated alcohol is returned to the reaction mixture.
摘要:
Polyaspartic acid is prepared by reacting maleic anhydride and ammonia to give maleamic acid, polymerizing the maleamic acid and subsequently hydrolyzing the product to give polyaspartic acid or a salt thereof.
摘要:
Novel pesticidally active cyclic malonylphosphonic diamides of the formula ##STR1## in which X.sup. represents O or S,R.sup.1 represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each of which can be optionally substituted,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, andR.sup.4 represents an acyl radical,or salts thereof, Many intermediates are new,
摘要:
A process is described for catalytically preparing optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic nitrites of the general formula (I) Ar—CN (I) by reacting the corresponding aryl halides of the general formula (II) Ar—X (II) in which X is chlorine, bromine, iodine, triflate, nonaflate, mesylate or tosylate and Ar is an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic radical, characterized in that the reaction is performed in the presence of a palladium compound, a phosphine of the general formula (III) or (IV) where R is an alkyl radical and R′, R″ and R′″ are each an alkyl radical or an aryl radical or heteroaryl radical and A is an alkylene or arylene radical, and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) or potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), optionally in a solvent and optionally with addition of a base.