Device and Method for Cooling an Electric Component for a Vehicle
    11.
    发明申请
    Device and Method for Cooling an Electric Component for a Vehicle 有权
    用于冷却车辆电气部件的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号:US20100287962A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-11-18

    申请号:US12863620

    申请日:2008-11-03

    申请人: Nikolaus Muller

    发明人: Nikolaus Muller

    IPC分类号: F28D5/00 F25D31/00

    摘要: A cooling device for an arrangement with at least one electric component, particularly power electronics (1), for a vehicle, wherein the arrangement can be cooled by a fluid (2) using the method of evaporative cooling, includes a heat engine (4), in particular a steam turbine or a displacement machine for expanding fluid that is evaporated during evaporative cooling.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于具有用于车辆的至少一个电气部件,特别是电力电子器件(1)的布置的冷却装置,其中所述布置可以使用蒸发冷却方法由流体(2)冷却,包括热引擎(4) ,特别是用于膨胀在蒸发冷却期间蒸发的流体的汽轮机或排量机。

    (2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-acetonitrile
    15.
    发明授权
    (2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-acetonitrile 失效
    (2,3-二氢-5-苯并呋喃基) - 乙腈

    公开(公告)号:US5693831A

    公开(公告)日:1997-12-02

    申请号:US804622

    申请日:1997-02-27

    IPC分类号: C07D307/79

    CPC分类号: C07D307/79

    摘要: The novel compound (2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-acetonitrile is prepared by chloromethylating 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran and reacting the resulting 2,3-dihydro-5-chloromethyl-benzofuran with a cyanide. (2,3-Dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-acetonitrile can be converted by saponification to (2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-acetic acid, an important intermediate for the manufacture of various pharmaceutical active substances. This intermediate has hitherto been obtainable only by a laborious procedure and in low yields.

    摘要翻译: 通过氯甲基化2,3-二氢 - 苯并呋喃并使所得2,3-二氢-5-氯甲基 - 苯并呋喃与氰化物反应制备新化合物(2,3-二氢-5-苯并呋喃基) - 乙腈。 (2,3-二氢-5-苯并呋喃基) - 乙腈可通过皂化转化为(2,3-二氢-5-苯并呋喃基) - 乙酸,这是制备各种药物活性物质的重要中间体。 迄今为止,该中间产品只能通过费力的程序和低产量获得。

    Process for the preparation of dialkyl maleates
    17.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of dialkyl maleates 失效
    制备马来酸二烷基酯的方法

    公开(公告)号:US5648517A

    公开(公告)日:1997-07-15

    申请号:US457711

    申请日:1995-06-02

    摘要: A process has been found for the preparation of dialkyl maleates from maleic acid, maleic anhydride or monoalkyl maleates with C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alcohols, in particular ethanol, in the presence or absence of an acidic catalyst and at boiling heat, which is characterized in that the escaping water/alcohol/vapour mixture, together with its condensed phase if appropriate, is conducted as feed along a hydrophilic membrane at which it is purged of water and the dehydrated alcohol is returned to the reaction mixture.

    摘要翻译: 已经发现,在存在或不存在酸性催化剂的条件下,在沸腾的热下,马来酸,马来酸酐或马来酸单烷基酯与C1-C8-醇特别是乙醇制备马来酸二烷基酯的方法,其特征在于: 逸出的水/醇/蒸气混合物以及其凝结相适当地作为进料,沿着亲水膜进行,在该亲水膜上清除水,脱水的醇被返回到反应混合物中。

    Process for catalytically preparing aromatic or heteroaromatic nitriles
    20.
    发明申请
    Process for catalytically preparing aromatic or heteroaromatic nitriles 有权
    用于催化制备芳族或杂芳族腈的方法

    公开(公告)号:US20080194829A1

    公开(公告)日:2008-08-14

    申请号:US11986398

    申请日:2007-11-21

    IPC分类号: C07D211/04 C07C255/49

    摘要: A process is described for catalytically preparing optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic nitrites of the general formula (I) Ar—CN   (I) by reacting the corresponding aryl halides of the general formula (II) Ar—X   (II) in which X is chlorine, bromine, iodine, triflate, nonaflate, mesylate or tosylate and Ar is an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic radical, characterized in that the reaction is performed in the presence of a palladium compound, a phosphine of the general formula (III) or (IV) where R is an alkyl radical and R′, R″ and R′″ are each an alkyl radical or an aryl radical or heteroaryl radical and A is an alkylene or arylene radical, and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) or potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), optionally in a solvent and optionally with addition of a base.

    摘要翻译: 描述了用于催化制备通式(I)的任选取代的芳香族或杂芳族亚硝酸盐的方法,该方法包括通式(I)的化合物。 通过使通式(II)的相应的芳基卤反应<?in-line-formula description =“In-Line Formulas”end =“in-line-formula description =”In-line Formulas“end =”tail“ “铅”→Ar-X(II)<?in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“tail”?>其中X为氯,溴,碘,三氟甲磺酸酯,壬酸酯,甲磺酸酯或甲苯磺酸酯 并且Ar是任选取代的芳族或杂芳族基团,其特征在于反应在钯化合物,通式(III)或(IV)的膦的存在下进行,其中R是烷基,R',R “和”R“分别是烷基或芳基或杂芳基,A是亚烷基或亚芳基,六氰基铁酸钾(II)或六氰基铁酸钾(III),选择性 在溶剂中并任选加入碱。