公开(公告)号：US4264205A

公开(公告)日：1981-04-28

申请号：US940360

申请日：1978-09-07

Applicant: Isaac J. Landa

Inventor： Isaac J. Landa

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/31

CPC classification number: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/024 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/2889 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01J2003/1273 ,  G01J2003/2853 ,  G01J3/1838

Abstract: An improved optical system is disclosed for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave holographic diffraction grating oscillated at high speed is utilized to provide a rapid scanning of monochromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating is positively driven at very high speed. The rapid scan by the grating enables the reduction of noise error by averaging over a large number of cycles. It also reduces the measurement time and thus prevents sample heating by excessive exposure to light energy. A filter wheel having opaque segments is rotated in the optical path and is synchronous with the grating. The filter wheel is divided into two arcuate segments separated by the opaque segments arranged approximately 180 degrees apart. One arcuate segment of the wheel transmits only first order light. The other arcuate segment transmits only second order light. Separate photodetectors are employed during infrared analysis of samples for detecting first order and second order wavelength transmissions and an electronic decoder apparatus is utilized for switching between detectors.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种改进的光学系统，用于对样品的反射率或透射率进行快速，准确的光谱分析。 利用以高速振荡的凹面全息衍射光栅，通过一系列波长快速扫描单色光。 光栅以非常高的速度被正向驱动。 光栅的快速扫描使得能够通过大量循环的平均来减少噪声误差。 它还减少测量时间，从而防止过度暴露于光能的样品加热。 具有不透明段的滤光轮在光路中旋转并与光栅同步。 过滤轮被分成两个弧形段，这些弧段由分开大约180度的不透明段分开。 车轮的一个弧形段仅传送一级光。 另一个弧形段仅传送二阶光。 在用于检测一阶和二阶波长传输的样本的红外分析期间采用单独的光电检测器，并且使用电子解码器装置在检测器之间切换。

公开(公告)号：US3995207A

公开(公告)日：1976-11-30

申请号：US523902

申请日：1974-11-14

Applicant: Allan S. Way

Inventor： Allan S. Way

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G05B19/28 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/06

Abstract: A spectrophotometer including a wavelength stepper motor driving a wavelength scanning mechanism and a chart stepper motor driving a chart recorder, both motors being operative in response to driving pulses received from a system clock. The upper limit of a wavelength scan interval is established by manually adjusting the wavelength scanning mechanism to the desired limit. The length of a desired scan interval is selected by the operator and loaded into a counter which decrements in response to the driving pulse input to the wavelength motor. The counter generates an output signal after a predetermined count which clocks a switching circuit for reversing, inhibiting, or otherwise controlling the wavelength and chart motors. Other inputs to the switching circuit provide for either serial or overlay chart recording and for either continuous or manually controlled scanning.

Abstract translation: 一种分光光度计，包括驱动波长扫描机构的波长步进电机和驱动图表记录器的图表步进电机，两个电动机响应于从系统时钟接收的驱动脉冲而工作。 波长扫描间隔的上限是通过将波长扫描机制手动调节到所需极限来建立的。 期望的扫描间隔的长度由操作者选择并加载到响应于输入到波长电动机的驱动脉冲而递减的计数器。 该计数器在预定的计数之后产生一个输出信号，该计数计时器用于反转，禁止或以其它方式控制波长和图表电机。 开关电路的其他输入提供串行或重叠图表记录以及连续或手动控制扫描。

公开(公告)号：US3985442A

公开(公告)日：1976-10-12

申请号：US477258

申请日：1974-06-07

Applicant: Charles W. Smith ,  Mahlon D. Dyer

Inventor： Charles W. Smith ,  Mahlon D. Dyer

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/06

Abstract: A data acquisition system for a spectrophotometer which comprises a pulse providing means for sequentially providing an established number of pulses to the stepping drive means of the spectrophotometer for sequentially moving the spectrophotometer's monochromator means to a plurality of test positions. The pulse providing means further provides output signals indicative of each of the test positions. The system also comprises an output means connected to said pulse providing means for providing sequential output signals representative of the spectrophotometer output signals at each test position.

Abstract translation: 一种用于分光光度计的数据采集系统，包括一个脉冲提供装置，用于顺序地向分光光度计的步进驱动装置提供一定数目的脉冲，以将分光光度计的单色仪装置顺序移动到多个测试位置。 脉冲提供装置还提供指示每个测试位置的输出信号。 该系统还包括连接到所述脉冲提供装置的输出装置，用于在每个测试位置提供表示分光光度计输出信号的顺序输出信号。

公开(公告)号：US3976378A

公开(公告)日：1976-08-24

申请号：US522648

申请日：1974-11-11

Applicant: Stanley L. Pratt

Inventor： Stanley L. Pratt

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/06

Abstract: A spectrophotometer sytem having a first stepper motor driving a wavelength scanning mechanism and a second stepper motor driving a chart recorder, both motors being operative in response to pulses from a system clock. The clock frequency is successively divided by first and second cascaded, switch-selectable sets of frequency dividers. The output of the first divider is applied to the wavelength motor and determines wavelength scan speed. The output of the second divider is applied to the chart motor and determines chart scale expansion. A decoder monitors the frequency selections of the first and second sets of frequency dividers, and upon detection of a frequency selection outside the capability of the chart motor, the decoder provides an output which inhibits the chart motor. When a first frequency selection is made, the available (i.e. valid) second frequency selections are displayed to the operator.

Abstract translation: 分光光度计系统具有驱动波长扫描机构的第一步进电机和驱动图表记录器的第二步进电机，两个电机响应于来自系统时钟的脉冲而工作。 时钟频率由第一级和第二级联的可切换选择的分频器组相继划分。 第一分频器的输出被施加到波长电机并确定波长扫描速度。 第二个分频器的输出应用于图表电机，并确定图表比例扩展。 解码器监视第一和第二组分频器的频率选择，并且在检测到图表电机能力之外的频率选择时，解码器提供禁止图表电机的输出。 当进行第一频率选择时，向操作者显示可用的（即有效的）第二频率选择。

公开(公告)号：US3922095A

公开(公告)日：1975-11-25

申请号：US36622573

申请日：1973-06-01

Applicant: LEE JIN G

Inventor： LEE JIN G

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J1/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J2003/2866

Abstract: A device for calibrating a spectrophotometer or like device is disclosed. Spectrophotometers generally have an adjustable monochromator adapted to transmit a substantially monochromatic light beam through a sample cell. A detector measures the amount of light transmitted through the sample cell at different wavelengths to determine the composition of the sample. The present device comprises a probe adapted to be interposed in the light beam intermediate the monochromator and the detector in place of the sample cell. The probe has a narrow band-pass light filter having a known center wavelength which is exposed to the light beam, and photoconductive element located within the probe behind the filter so that light passing through the filter impinges on the photoconductive element. The photoconductive element has an electrical conductance proportionate to the radiant intensity of the light impinging on the element. Means are provided for measuring the conductance of the photoconductive element, and the monochromator is adjusted to achieve maximum transmittance through the filter. When maximum transmittance is achieved, the spectrophotometer has been calibrated at the center wavelength of the filter.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于校准分光光度计或类似装置的装置。 分光光度计通常具有适于将基本单色的光束透过样品池的可调单色仪。 检测器测量透过不同波长的样品池的光量，以确定样品的组成。 本装置包括适于插入在单色仪和检测器之间的光束中以代替样品池的探针。 该探针具有一个具有已知中心波长的光束的窄带通滤光器，以及位于滤光器后面的探针内的光电导元件使得通过滤光器的光照射在光电导元件上。 光电导元件具有与照射在元件上的光的辐射强度成比例的电导率。 提供了用于测量光电导元件的电导的装置，并且调节单色仪以通过滤光器实现最大透射率。 当达到最大透射率时，分光光度计已经在过滤器的中心波长处进行了校准。

公开(公告)号：US3822941A

公开(公告)日：1974-07-09

申请号：US18315071

申请日：1971-09-23

Applicant: PERKIN ELMER CORP

Inventor： ROCHE J ,  SAWYER R

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J2003/1204 ,  G01J2003/1828

Abstract: A scanning monochromator includes a plurality of diffraction gratings mounted on a rotatable turret, so that each grating may be moved and precisely indexed into operative position. Each grating so positioned is angularly rotated about its axis by the same scanning arm, driven by a cam having two similar (but different) contours for producing one of two similar scanning functions for the various gratings. Preferably more interchangeable order-separating filters than gratings are included to insure complete and efficient filtering (e.g., 14 filters for 7 gratings). Both the stepping of the grating turret and of the filters (e.g., on a filter wheel) are controlled by (digital) signals, derived from the actual wavenumber being separated, as precisely read by (coarse and fine) digital encoder discs on the wavenumber scanning driving shafts (before and after a large-ratio reduction system). The digital control signals and a signal indicating the operative grating provide a readout of the wavenumber, directly usable by data processing apparatus. The closed loop digital nature of the control signals are free of any non-systematic errors, and allow the instrument to be ''''indexed'''' to any desired wavenumber (and then ''''instructed'''' to scan to any other wavenumber automatically).

Abstract translation: 扫描单色仪包括安装在可旋转转台上的多个衍射光栅，使得每个光栅可以移动并精确地分度到操作位置。 如此定位的每个光栅通过相同的扫描臂围绕其轴线成角度地旋转，由具有两个相似（但不同的）轮廓的凸轮驱动，用于产生用于各种光栅的两个类似的扫描功能之一。 优选地，包括比光栅更可互换的顺序分离滤光器以确保完全和有效的滤光（例如，用于7个光栅的14个滤光器）。 光栅转塔和滤光片的步进（例如，滤光轮）都由（数字）信号控制，由实际波数分离得出，由数字编码器光盘上的（粗和精）数位精确读取 扫描驱动轴（大减速系统前后）。 数字控制信号和指示操作光栅的信号提供可由数据处理装置直接使用的波数的读出。 控制信号的闭环数字性质没有任何非系统误差，并允许仪器“索引”到任何所需的波数（然后“指示”自动扫描到任何其他波数）。

公开(公告)号：US3787121A

公开(公告)日：1974-01-22

申请号：US3787121D

申请日：1972-12-18

Applicant: BAXTER LABORATORIES INC

Inventor： MARCUS B ,  LOWY G ,  CONLON J

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/427

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/0237 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/427

Abstract: A spectrophotometer of the two-beam type employing two adjustable monochromators and employing a rotating chopper disc to provide time-sharing operation, such as split-beam operation, dual wavelength operation, or other desired modes of operation. The chopper disc motor is stabilized by a fiber optic feedback system and cooperating electronic system utilizing light beams reflected by the underside of the chopper disc and photo diodes responding to these reflections. The main optical system includes an adjustable lens element coupled to one of the monochromators to compensate for variations in refractive index of the lens element with wavelength. The electronic readout system is gated by the chopper disc stabilizing system to maintain synchronism of the readout signals with the two monochromatic excitation beams.

Abstract translation: 采用两个可调单色器的双光束型分光光度计，并采用旋转斩光盘来提供分光操作，例如分光束操作，双波长操作或其它所需操作模式。 斩波盘电机由光纤反馈系统和协同电子系统稳定，利用由斩波盘的下侧反射的光束和响应于这些反射的光电二极管。 主光学系统包括耦合到单色仪中的一个的可调透镜元件，以补偿具有波长的透镜元件的折射率变化。 电子读出系统由斩波盘稳定系统门控，以保持读出信号与两个单色激发光束的同步。

公开(公告)号：US3659945A

公开(公告)日：1972-05-02

申请号：US3659945D

申请日：1969-11-19

Applicant: PERKIN ELMER CORP

Inventor： ROCHE JOHN M ,  SAWYER RENE C JR

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J2003/1204 ,  G01J2003/1828

Abstract: A scanning monochromator includes a plurality of diffraction gratings mounted on a rotatable turret, so that each grating may be moved and precisely indexed into operative position. Each grating so positioned is angularly rotated about its axis by the same scanning arm, driven by a cam having two similar (but different) contours for producing one of two similar scanning functions for the various gratings. Preferably more interchangeable order-separating filters than gratings are included to insure complete and efficient filtering (e.g., 14 filters for 7 gratings). Both the stepping of the grating turret and of the filters (e.g., on a filter wheel) are controlled by (digital) signals, derived from the actual wavenumber being separated, as precisely read by (coarse and fine) digital encoder discs on the wavenumber scanning driving shafts (before and after a large-ratio reduction system). The digital control signals and a signal indicating the operative grating provide a readout of the wavenumber, directly usable by data processing apparatus. The closed loop digital nature of the control signals are free of any non-systematic errors, and allow the instrument to be ''''indexed'''' to any desired wavenumber (and then ''''instructed'''' to scan to any other wavenumber automatically).

Abstract translation: 扫描单色仪包括安装在可旋转转台上的多个衍射光栅，使得每个光栅可以移动并精确地分度到操作位置。 如此定位的每个光栅通过相同的扫描臂围绕其轴线成角度地旋转，由具有两个相似（但不同的）轮廓的凸轮驱动，用于产生用于各种光栅的两个类似的扫描功能之一。 优选地，包括比光栅更可互换的顺序分离滤光器以确保完全和有效的滤光（例如，用于7个光栅的14个滤光器）。 光栅转塔和滤光片的步进（例如，滤光轮）都由（数字）信号控制，由实际波数分离得出，由数字编码器光盘上的（粗和精）数位精确读取 扫描驱动轴（大减速系统前后）。 数字控制信号和指示操作光栅的信号提供可由数据处理装置直接使用的波数的读出。 控制信号的闭环数字性质没有任何非系统误差，并允许仪器“索引”到任何所需的波数（然后“指示”自动扫描到任何其他波数）。

公开(公告)号：US3601492A

公开(公告)日：1971-08-24

申请号：US3601492D

申请日：1967-11-20

Applicant: MONSANTO CO

Inventor： REICHARD THOMAS E

IPC: G01B11/06 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01J3/28 ,  G01B11/0675 ,  G01J3/06

Abstract: Improved means and method for measuring film thickness by rapidly forming and portraying optical interference fringe spectra and interpreting the same directly in terms of film thickness. An internal computer senses movement of a wavelength reference member and causes programmed indices to be displayed along with the interference fringe waveform. A single manual control, with the aid of an improved scanning and display method which balances out time lags, allows the indices to be coordinated with the fringe waveform. An automatic thickness readout device cooperates with the manual control.

公开(公告)号：US3563657A

公开(公告)日：1971-02-16

申请号：US3563657D

申请日：1968-08-09

Applicant: UNIV IOWA STATE RES FOUND INC

Inventor： KNISELEY RICHARD N ,  FASSEL VELMER A ,  GOLIGHTLY DANOLD W

IPC: G01J3/28 ,  H01J43/06 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: H01J43/06 ,  G01J3/28

Abstract: AN ELECTRON IMAGE OF THE DISPERSED SPECTRAL LINES CHARACTERISTIC OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT BEING ANALYZED IS PERIODICALLY SCANNED ACROSS A SLIT-LIKE APERTURE OF AN IMAGE DISSECTOR PHOTOTUBE. A GATING PULSE IS DELAYED RELATIVE TO THE START OF EACH SWEEP TO SIGNAL THE TIME WHEN THE NARROW RANGE OF INTEREST IN THE ELECTRON IMAGE IS PASSING THROUGH THE SLIT; AND THE GATING PULSE ENABLES AN AMPLIFIER RECEIV-

ING THE OUTPUT SIGNAL OF THE PHOTUBE TO SELECTIVELY AMPLIFY ONLY THIS NARROW RANGE. THE SIGNAL FROM THE GATED AMPLIFIER IS THEN FED TO AN INTEGRATOR CIRCUIT WHICH STORES THE GATED SIGNAL FOR A KNOWN NUMBER OF SWEEPS.