The invention provides a monitoring method suitable for a health condition of an air-borne photoelectrical system, and belongs to the field of air-borne photoelectric technology. By a method for arranging a health condition monitoring unit in a photoelectrical system product and externally matching with a health condition monitoring computer, semi-intelligent external field maintenance of the air-borne photoelectrical system is achieved. The method comprises the following steps: automatically collecting internal key signal parameters of a product, and comparing with the predetermined normal parameter range in real time; if a parameter abnormality condition appears, automatically reporting abnormal content to a main computer of the photoelectrical system after meeting the caution condition, and giving using suggestions of warning, defuctionalization, immediate maintenance and the like; and entering an advanced maintenance mode in a ground product maintenance state, and carrying out detailed survey on the product and recording the maintenance information into a nonvolatile memory of the health condition monitoring unit in the product after maintenance is ended, so that management traceability of the product quality process is facilitated.