The invention discloses a double-level rigidity elastic body combined device which comprises at least one low-rigidity elastic element and a high-rigidity elastic element. The low-rigidity elastic elements are arranged in an elastic body pre-compression device, and the low-rigidity elastic elements and the high-rigidity elastic element are arranged in a serial connection manner under the effect of a pre-compression load F1. The double-level rigidity elastic body combined device has the advantages that the double-level rigidity elastic body combined device has such combined rigidity that the device is hard at first and then is flexible; the double-level rigidity elastic body combined device is high in compression rigidity when the double-level rigidity elastic body combined device is used as an elastic suspension device of an axle box of a railway vehicle and deformation displacement is extremely small, and the compression rigidity of the device starts to be deteriorated when the deformation displacement reaches a set numerical value, so that the conflict problem that requirements on the straight and snaking critical speed of an existing vehicle and the curve line negotiating capacity of the existing vehicle cannot be simultaneously met can be effectively solved; the device further can be applied to various places among relevant components of railway vehicles, the service places have requirements on the combined rigidity of elastic body damping devices, and the elastic body damping devices with the combined rigidity are required to be hard at first and then flexible, so that impact of the vehicles on wheel tracks can be buffered, the dynamic performance of the vehicles can be enhanced, the running safety of the vehicles can be guaranteed, and the operation quality of the railway vehicles can be greatly improved.