摘要:
An ion detector includes: a first electron multiplier for detecting first ions having a first polarity; a second electron multiplier for detecting second ions having a second polarity different from the first polarity; a first anode for capturing electrons emitted from the first electron multiplier; a second anode for capturing electrons emitted from the second electron multiplier; and a switching circuit including a first input terminal electrically connected to the first anode, a second input terminal electrically connected to the second anode, and an output terminal, the switching circuit selectively connecting one of the first input terminal and the second input terminal to the output terminal.
摘要:
Techniques are disclosed that can be used to interface a microchannel plate (MCP) with readout circuitry. The techniques can be employed, for instance, with MCP based devices used in a numerous sensing/detection applications, and are particularly suitable for applications where it is desirable to interface an MCP having a relatively large active area to a readout circuit having a relatively smaller active area. The interface effectively decouples anode geometry from ROIC geometry and may also be configured with flexible anode pad geometry, which allows for compensation of optical blur variations as well as a very high fill factor. The interface can be made using standard semiconductor materials and photolithography techniques, and can be configured with thermal expansion qualities that closely track or otherwise match that of the readout circuitry.
摘要:
In this photomultiplier tube 1, light incident on a light-receiving faceplate 3 is converted into photoelectrons by a photosensitive surface 3a, and the photoelectrons strike a dynode 4 to emit many secondary electrons. The secondary electrons are then collected by a mesh-like anode 5. Since the anode 5 is disposed to be parallel to the photosensitive surface 3a, the photoelectrons emerging from the photosensitive surface 3a can easily pass through a mesh portion 5a, and many photoelectrons can be made to strike the dynode 4. As the number of photoelectrons incident on the dynode 4 increases, the number of secondary electrons from the dynode 4 increases. This improves the gain characteristics of the photomultiplier tube 1. Since a secondary electron emission surface 4a of the dynode 4 is tilted with respect to the anode 5, photoelectrons having passed through the anode 5 obliquely strike the secondary electron emission surface 4a of the dynode 4.
摘要:
A photomultiplier comprising an electron multiplier for minimizing a variation in multiplication factor and noise is characterized in that insulating members are aligned on the same line to insulate a plurality of dynode plates for constituting a dynode unit from each other, thereby preventing a damage to each dynode plate. At the same time, a through hole is formed to fix the insulating member provided to each dynode plate such that a gap is provided between the major surface of the dynode plate and the surface of the insulating member, thereby preventing discharge between dynode plates, which is caused due to dust or the like deposited on the surface of the insulating member.
摘要:
A night vision system, a microchannel plate (MCP), and a planetary deposition system and methodology are provided for selectively depositing an electrode contact metal on one side of MCP channel openings. MCPs can be secured to a face of a platter that rotates about its central platter axis. The rotating platter can be tilted on a fixture surrounding an evaporative source of contact metal. A mask with a variable size mask opening is arranged between the rotating platter and the evaporative source. While the mask orbits around the evaporative source with the rotating platter, the mask does not rotate along its own axis as does the rotating platter. Depending on the opening of the non-rotating mask, and the tilt angle of the rotating platter, the respective circumferential distance around and the depth into the shaded first side of the channel opening is controlled.
摘要:
The magnetic characteristics of a magnetoresistive device are improved by rendering magnetic debris non-magnetic during processing operations. Further improvement is realized by annealing the partially- or fully-formed device in the presence of a magnetic field in order to eliminate or stabilize magnetic micro-pinning sites or other magnetic abnormalities within the magnetoresistive stack for the device. Such improvement in magnetic characteristics decreases deviation in switching characteristics in arrays of such magnetoresistive devices such as those present in MRAMs.
摘要:
Techniques are disclosed that can be used to interface a sensor circuit with readout circuitry. The techniques can be employed, for instance, with microchannel plate (MCP) based devices used in numerous sensing/detection applications, and are particularly suitable for applications where it is desirable to interface an MCP having a relatively large active area to a readout circuit having a relatively smaller active area. The interface effectively decouples anode geometry from readout circuit geometry and also may be configured with flexible anode pad geometry, which allows for compensation of optical blur variations as well as a very high fill factor. The interface can be made using standard semiconductor materials and photolithography techniques and can be configured with thermal expansion qualities that closely track or otherwise match that of the readout circuitry.
摘要:
A mass spectrometer detector having a coupling capacitor including an anode that is placed at a high potential of say −4.9 kV. An annular electrode is placed outside the anode. A voltage of say −5 kV is applied to the annular electrode. This reduces the potential difference between the anode and the annular electrode, mitigating the electric field. A peripheral electrode is mounted on the outer fringe of a dielectric body and stably held at a potential of say −2.5 kV, for example, by voltage-dividing resistors.
摘要:
A particle detector system comprising a channel image intensifier having a planar output electrode subdivided into an array of parallel electrode conductors with each conductor connected to a separate terminal, an array of parallel target conductors lying in a plane parallel to the electrode conductors on the output side of the device and orientated perpendicular to the electrode conductors, and a second set of terminals each of which is associated with one of the target conductors. The target conductors may be associated with luminescent elements to generate a two-dimensional visual display.