Systems and methods for three-dimensional imaging

    公开(公告)号:US12029601B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-07-09

    申请号:US17571889

    申请日:2022-01-10

    发明人: Peiyan Cao Yurun Liu

    摘要: Disclosed herein is a method, comprising: introducing a tracer into a body region of an organism at an introduction site of the organism; causing emission of characteristic X-rays of the tracer in the body region; capturing images of the tracer in the body region with the characteristic X-rays; determining a first three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the tracer in the body region based on the images; and examining the first 3D distribution of the tracer in the body region to identify a sentinel lymph node for the introduction site. If the sentinel lymph node is not identified in the first 3D distribution, the method further comprises repeating said causing, said capturing, and said determining thereby resulting in a second 3D distribution of the tracer in the body region; and examining the second 3D distribution to identify the sentinel lymph node.

    Biological imaging method using X-ray fluorescence

    公开(公告)号:US11946884B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-04-02

    申请号:US17571909

    申请日:2022-01-10

    发明人: Peiyan Cao Yurun Liu

    IPC分类号: G01N23/223 G01N33/58

    摘要: Disclosed herein is a method comprising: causing emission of characteristic X-rays of a first element attached to a first biological analyte; causing emission of characteristic X-rays of a second element attached to a second biological analyte; detecting a characteristic of the first biological analyte based on the characteristic X-rays of the first element and a characteristic of the second biological analyte based on the characteristic X-rays of the second element; wherein the first element and the second element are different; wherein the first biological analyte and the second biological analyte are in the same solution.

    Radiation detectors with scintillators

    公开(公告)号:US11906676B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-02-20

    申请号:US17471715

    申请日:2021-09-10

    发明人: Peiyan Cao Yurun Liu

    IPC分类号: G01T1/20

    CPC分类号: G01T1/2018 G01T1/2002

    摘要: Disclosed herein is a radiation detector, comprising a first pixel; a first reflector; and a first scintillator, wherein the first reflector is configured to guide essentially all photons emitted by the first scintillator into the first pixel. The first reflector is configured to reflect photons emitted by the first scintillator toward the first reflector. The first scintillator is essentially completely enclosed by the first reflector and the first pixel.

    Apparatuses for radiation detection and methods of making them

    公开(公告)号:US11815633B2

    公开(公告)日:2023-11-14

    申请号:US17471670

    申请日:2021-09-10

    发明人: Yurun Liu Peiyan Cao

    IPC分类号: G01T1/24 G01T1/29

    CPC分类号: G01T1/24 G01T1/2928

    摘要: Disclosed herein are apparatuses for detecting radiation and methods of making them. The method comprises forming a recess into a semiconductor substrate, wherein a portion of the semiconductor substrate extends into the recess and is surrounded by the recess; depositing semiconductor nanocrystals into the recess, the semiconductor nanocrystals having a different composition from the semiconductor substrate; forming a first doped semiconductor region in the semiconductor substrate; forming a second doped semiconductor region in the semiconductor substrate; wherein the first doped semiconductor region and the second doped semiconductor region form a p-n junction that separates the portion from the rest of the semiconductor substrate.

    Methods of making a radiation detector

    公开(公告)号:US11733407B2

    公开(公告)日:2023-08-22

    申请号:US17684787

    申请日:2022-03-02

    发明人: Peiyan Cao Yurun Liu

    IPC分类号: G01T1/24 H01L27/146

    摘要: Disclosed herein is a method for forming a radiation detector. The method comprises forming a radiation absorption layer and bonding an electronics layer to the radiation absorption layer. The electronics layer comprises an electronic system configured to process electrical signals generated in the radiation absorption layer upon absorbing radiation photons. The method for forming the radiation absorption layer comprises forming a trench into a first surface of a semiconductor substrate; doping a sidewall of the trench; forming a first electrical contact on the first surface; forming a second electrical contact on a second surface of the semiconductor substrate. The second surface is opposite the first surface. The method further comprises dicing the semiconductor substrate along the trench.

    Image sensor based on charge carrier avalanche

    公开(公告)号:US11619754B2

    公开(公告)日:2023-04-04

    申请号:US17514154

    申请日:2021-10-29

    发明人: Peiyan Cao Yurun Liu

    摘要: Disclosed herein is a method comprising: forming a doped region of a semiconductor substrate by doping a surface of the semiconductor substrate with dopants; driving the dopants into the semiconductor substrate by annealing the semiconductor substrate; controlling doping profile of the doped region by repeating doping and annealing the semiconductor substrate; forming a first electrode on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first electrode is in electrical contact with the doped region; forming an outer electrode arranged around the first electrode, wherein the outer electrode is electrically insulated from the first electrode.

    X-ray detectors capable of identifying and managing charge sharing

    公开(公告)号:US11520064B2

    公开(公告)日:2022-12-06

    申请号:US17175906

    申请日:2021-02-15

    发明人: Peiyan Cao Yurun Liu

    摘要: An apparatus suitable for detecting X-ray is disclosed. In one example, the apparatus comprises an X-ray absorption layer and a controller. The X-ray absorption layer comprises a first pixel and a second pixel. The controller is configured for determining whether all carriers generated in the X-ray absorption layer by an X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, and determining the energy of the X-ray photon based on a sum of a first portion of the carriers that is collected by the first pixel and a second portion of the carriers that is collected by the second pixel.