Abstract:
An apparatus for a transmit end in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one scrambler configured to scramble a transmission bit stream, wherein the at least one scrambler comprises, a first circulation unit configured to output, during one cycle, at least one bit for scrambling odd-numbered bits of the transmission bit stream and at least one bit for scrambling even-numbered bits of the transmission bit stream, a second circulation unit configured to output, during one cycle, at least one bit for scrambling odd-numbered bits of the transmission bit stream and at least one bit for scrambling even-numbered bits of the transmission bit stream, and operators configured to generate a scrambled bit stream, wherein each of the operators generates a scrambled bit using an input bit, an output bit from the first circulation unit and an output bit from the second circulation unit.
Abstract:
A memory system includes a storage device including a turbo write buffer and a user storage area implemented with a nonvolatile memory, and a host configured to transfer a read request to the storage device. In response to the read request, the storage device transfers read data and read data information including attributes of the read data to the host.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a biosensor. The biosensor comprises: an electrode; and a polymer structure disposed on the electrode and formed of poly-5,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene-3-carboxylic acid (pTTCA), wherein an enzyme is present in a state of covalently binding with pTTCA inside the polymer structure.
Abstract:
A method includes transmitting a command signal including a time-out time from a host to a storage device; determining, by the storage device, a first time amount, which is an amount of time required for the storage device to perform an operation corresponding to the command signal; when the first time amount is not greater than the time-out time, providing a first response signal including a success flag from the storage device to the host after the storage device performs the operation within the time-out time; when the first time amount is longer than the time-out time, providing a second response signal including the first time amount and a time-out reset flag from the storage device to the host; and when the host receives the second response signal, retransmitting the command signal to the storage device after the host resets the time-out time to the first time amount.
Abstract:
An origin of a reference coordinate system is assigned to one of a plurality of center points, and center point coordinates according to the reference coordinate system are assigned to remaining center points, so that reference marks successively correspond to center points of a plurality of microscopes fixed to a base. Beam position detection marks disposed between the reference marks with exposure points of exposure heads fixed to the base are crossed to assign beam coordinates according to the reference coordinate system to the exposure points. Thus, alignment may be easily and accurately performed, and is effective for increasingly larger apparatuses.
Abstract:
A data processing apparatus includes an electronic device configured to store data and instructions; a memory card; and a memory card socket in which the memory card is inserted. In certain disclosed systems and methods, the memory card socket includes: an insertion portion through which the memory card is inserted; a lock portion formed around an edge of the insertion portion, and that is configured to control attaching and detaching of the memory card based on instructions received from the electronic device; and a main body including the insertion portion and the lock portion and configured to accommodate the memory card via the insertion portion.