Abstract:
In a method of operating a memory system including a memory device, a memory controller and a host according to example embodiments, a hardware is initialized based on a fail information and a boot code stored in a nonvolatile memory of a volatile memory and the nonvolatile memory included in the memory device. A host processes data in an internal memory included in the memory controller and a safe region included in the memory device based on the fail information. Using the fail information, the method of operating the memory system according to example embodiments increases the performance of the whole system including the memory system.
Abstract:
A method of operating a memory device includes writing cell data having one of at least three states to a memory cell; amplifying a voltage level of a bit line connected to the memory cell; determining that the cell data is in a first state when the voltage level of the bit line sensed at a sensing point is equal to or greater than a first reference voltage; determining that the cell data is in a second state when the voltage level of the bit line sensed at the sensing point is equal to or less than a second reference voltage which has a lower voltage level than the first reference voltage; and determining that the cell data is in a third state when the cell data is not in the first or second states.