Abstract:
A method of data transmission according to one embodiment of the invention includes transmitting a plurality of bursts to transmit data, each burst occupying at least one of a plurality of frequency bands. Specifically, a bandwidth of at least one of the plurality of bursts is at least two percent of the center frequency of the burst. In one preferred embodiment, a bandwidth of at least one of the plurality of bursts is at least 100 MHz. In another preferred embodiment, each burst occupies at least one of the plurality of frequency bands, but less than all of the plurality of frequency bands.
Abstract:
It has been discovered that carbonate powders and bicarbonate powders are useful to increase the pH and corrosion resistance of high-density brines, such as zinc bromide brines, without significantly reducing their densities. The carbonates and/or bicarbonates should be water-soluble and may be sodium, potassium, magnesium and/or ammonium carbonates and/or bicarbonates and the like. The carbonates and/or bicarbonates are easily added in powder or other finely divided solid form and are completely dissolved in the brine prior to pumping the brine into a subterranean formation.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for signal detection and error detection in a multi-band system, the method for error detection comprising the steps: receiving a plurality of bursts, each burst occupying at least one of a plurality of frequency bands, the plurality of bursts encoding a symbol, the symbol corresponding to data, wherein the symbol is encoded such that a burst occupying each frequency band is transmitted a specified number of times within the plurality of bursts; determining that a given burst has not been detected the specified number of times; and declaring a transmission error for the symbol. In one variation, the frequency bands comprise wideband frequency bands.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus are provided for radar systems using multiple pulses that are shorter than the expected range delay extent of the target to be imaged. In one implementation, a method for performing radar includes the steps of: transmitting a plurality of pulses, each pulse having a different center frequency and a time duration shorter than an expected range delay extent of a target, wherein a total bandwidth is defined by a bandwidth occupied by the plurality of pulses; receiving reflections of the plurality of pulses; and performing pulse compression on the received pulse reflections to generate a detection signal having a radar resolution approximately equivalent to the transmission and reception of a single pulse having the total bandwidth. In preferred form, the pulses comprise ultrawideband (UWB) pulses each occupying a sub-band of the overall system bandwidth.
Abstract:
The present invention provides corrosion inhibiting compositions and methods whereby protective coatings are formed on metal surfaces. The compositions are basically comprised of a corrosion inhibiting condensation reaction product enhanced by the presence of antimony or bismuth compounds.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of inhibiting the oxidative effect of an oxidative environment upon a metal surface utilizing a composition comprising an inhibiting effective amount of an acetylenic alcohol, a quaternary ammonium compound, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an antimony compound, and an aqueous fluid. The metal surface to be protected is contacted with the composition whereby a deposit or coating of at least a portion of the composition constituents is formed on the metal surface.
Abstract:
A composition for dissolving insoluble fluoride deposits and methods of treating subterranean formations and industrial vessels using such solution to remove fluoride deposits. The solvent comprises boric acid, methanol and hydrochloric acid.
Abstract:
A beverage container has two main components: a drinking container and a chilling container. The chilling container is filled (or prefilled) with a chilling agent and placed in an environment suitable for freezing of the fluid. The chilling container is then coupled to the drinking container and the chilling container will chill the beverage contained within the drinking container. Flow restrictors within the chilling container prevent the frozen material from rising into the drinking container. The drinking container and chilling container are both designed to be reusable.
Abstract:
Aldehydes useful as H2S sulfide scavengers may be corrosive to some metals such as steel, iron and aluminum, but the corrosive effect of the aldehydes may be mitigated by employing a corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of a di-basic soluble phosphate salt, a tri-basic soluble phosphate salt, a phosphate ester, a thiophosphate ester, a thioamine, a Mannich Reaction Product, and combinations thereof.
Abstract:
A method of data transmission according to one embodiment of the invention includes encoding a set of data values to produce a corresponding series of ordered n-tuples. The method also includes transmitting, according to the series of ordered n-tuples, a plurality of bursts over a plurality n of frequency bands. Specifically, for each of the plurality of bursts, a frequency band occupied by the burst is indicated by the order within its n-tuple of an element corresponding to the burst. A bandwidth of at least one of the plurality of bursts is at least two percent of the center frequency of the burst. Information is encoded into a polarity of at least one of the plurality of bursts.