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公开(公告)号：US4477594A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-16
申请号：US450341
申请日：1982-12-16
IPC分类号： B01J23/80 , B01J23/86 , C07C29/154 , C07C27/06 , C07C31/00
CPC分类号： C07C29/154 , B01J23/80 , B01J23/868 , Y02P20/52
摘要： A process for the synthesis of mixtures which include saturated aliphatic alcohols is disclosed. In the first step of the process, the first catalyst activation stage, a catalyst, which comprises the oxides of copper, zinc, aluminum, potassium and one or two additional metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, magnesium, cerium, cobalt, thorium and lanthanum, is partially activated. In this step, a reducing gas stream, which includes hydrogen and at least one inert gas, flows past the catalyst at a space velocity of up to 5,000 liters (STP) per hour, per kilogram of catalyst. The partially activated catalyst is then subjected to the second step of the process, second-stage catalyst activation. In this step, the catalyst is contacted by an activation gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide present in a volume ratio of 0.5:1 and 4:1, respectively, at a temperature of 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure of between 35 and 200 atmospheres. The activation gas flows at a space velocity of from 1,000 to 20,000 liters (STP) per hour, per kilogram of catalyst. Second-stage activation continues until the catalyst is contacted with at least 500,000 liters (STP) of activation gas per kilogram of catalyst. The fully activated catalyst, in the third step of the process, contacts a synthesis gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种合成包含饱和脂族醇的混合物的方法。 在该方法的第一步中，第一催化剂活化阶段是一种催化剂，其包含选自铬，镁，铈，钴，钍中的铜，锌，铝，钾和一种或两种另外的金属的氧化物 和镧，部分活化。 在该步骤中，包括氢气和至少一种惰性气体的还原气流以每千克催化剂每小时高达5000升（STP）的空间速度流过催化剂。 然后将部分活化的催化剂进行该过程的第二步骤，第二阶段催化剂活化。 在该步骤中，催化剂在200℃至450℃的温度下分别以0.5:1和4:1的体积比分别包含氢和一氧化碳的活化气流接触， 35和200大气压。 活化气体以每千克催化剂每小时1,000至20,000升（STP）的空间速度流动。 继续进行第二阶段活化，直到催化剂与每千克催化剂至少500,000升（STP）的活化气体接触。 在该方法的第三步中，完全活化的催化剂与包含氢气和一氧化碳的合成气流接触。
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2.发明授权Cracking of heavy carbonaceous liquid feedstocks utilizing hydrogen donor solvent 失效使用氢供体溶剂裂解重质含碳液体原料
公开(公告)号：US4363716A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-14
申请号：US238344
申请日：1981-02-26
摘要： Heavy carbonaceous liquid having a melting point below 250.degree. C. is upgraded to lighter products by hydrogen donor solvent cracking, using recycled solvent derived at least in part from a middle distillate fraction of either the heavy carbonaceous liquid or from the cracked products which is subjected to one or more catalytic hydroprocessing steps before recycling.
摘要翻译： 熔点低于250℃的重质碳质液体通过氢供体溶剂裂解升级为较轻的产物，使用至少部分从重质碳质液体的中间馏分馏分或经受过的裂化产物得到的再循环溶剂 在回收之前的一个或多个催化加氢处理步骤。
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公开(公告)号：US4439309A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-27
申请号：US423657
申请日：1982-09-27
摘要： A process for the cracking of carbonaceous liquid feedstock employing a hydrogen donor solvent, derived from the feedstock, in a two-stage cracking operation is disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种在两阶段裂解操作中使用衍生自原料的氢供体溶剂裂化含碳液体原料的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US20090306448A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-10
申请号：US12134652
申请日：2008-06-06
IPC分类号： C07C2/02
摘要： A process for producing an alkylate having a low Reid vapor pressure, the process including: contacting a C6+-containing hydrocarbon stream with a mixture of isopentane and isobutane in the presence of an acid catalyst in an alkylation reactor to form a dilute alkylate product, wherein the C6+-containing hydrocarbon stream includes at least one of oligomers of C3 to C5 olefins and a dilute alkylate produced by contacting an isoparaffin with at least one of C3 to C5 olefins and oligomers of C3 to C5 olefins; fractionating the dilute alkylate product to form an isobutane-rich fraction, a n-butane-rich fraction, a fraction containing isopentane, and an alkylate product having a Reid vapor pressure less than 0.35 bar (5 psi); recycling at least a portion of the fraction containing isopentane to the alkylation reactor.
摘要翻译： 一种制备具有低Reid蒸气压的烷基化物的方法，该方法包括：在烷基化反应器中，在酸催化剂存在下，将含C 6+的烃物流与异戊烷和异丁烷的混合物接触以形成稀烷基化物产物，其中 含有C 6 +的烃物流包括C 3 -C 5烯烃的低聚物和通过使异链烷烃与C 3至C 5烯烃中的至少一种和C 3至C 5烯烃的低聚物接触而产生的稀烷基化物中的至少一种; 分馏稀烷基化产物以形成富含异丁烷的馏分，富含正丁烷的级分，含有异戊烷的级分和具有Reid蒸汽压小于0.35巴（5psi）的烷基化物产物; 将至少一部分含有异戊烷的级分再循环至烷基化反应器。
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公开(公告)号：US07320745B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-22
申请号：US11038755
申请日：2005-01-19
CPC分类号： B01D3/009 , B01J19/0033 , B01J2219/00006 , Y10S203/08 , Y10S585/914
摘要： An energy efficient process scheme for a highly exothermic reaction-distillation system in which the reactor is external to the distillation column and the feed to the reactor is a mixture of at least one liquid product stream from the distillation column with or without other liquid/vapor reactants. The reactor is operated under adiabatic and boiling point conditions and at a pressure that results in vaporizing a portion of the liquid flow through the reactor due to the heat of reaction. Under these conditions, reaction temperature is controlled by reactor pressure. The pressure (and hence the temperature) is maintained at a sufficiently high level such that the reactor effluent can be efficiently used to provide reboil heat for the distillation column.
摘要翻译： 用于高放热反应 - 蒸馏系统的能量效率方法，其中反应器在蒸馏塔外部和反应器的进料是来自蒸馏塔的至少一种液体产物流与有或没有其它液体/蒸气的混合物 反应物。 反应器在绝热和沸点条件下运行，并且在由于反应热导致部分液体流过反应器的压力下运行。 在这些条件下，反应温度由反应器压力控制。 压力（因此温度）保持在足够高的水平，使得反应器流出物可以有效地用于为蒸馏塔提供再沸腾热。
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公开(公告)号：US07250542B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-31
申请号：US10793028
申请日：2004-03-04
CPC分类号： C07C2/62 , C07C11/02 , C07C2527/054 , C10G29/205 , C10G2300/1081 , C10G2300/1088
摘要： A process for the alkylation of alkane with olefin or olefin precursor such as an oligomer of tertiary olefin comprising contacting a liquid system comprising acid catalyst, isoparaffin and olefin in concurrent downflow into contact in a reaction zone with a disperser mesh under conditions of temperature and pressure to react said isoparaffin and said olefin to produce an alkylate product is disclosed. Preferably, the liquid system is maintained at about its boiling point in the reaction zone. Unexpectedly, the olefin oligomers have been found to function as olefin precursors and not as olefins in the reaction. Thus, for example, a cold acid alkylation using an oligomer of isobutene (principally dimer and trimer) with isobutane produces isooctane with the isobutane reacting with the constituent isobutene units of the oligomers on a molar basis. The product isooctane is essentially the same as that produced in the conventional cold acid process.
摘要翻译： 一种烷烃与烯烃或烯烃前体烷基化的方法，例如叔烯烃的低聚物，包括使含有酸催化剂，异链烷烃和烯烃的液体体系同时向下流动，在温度和压力条件下在分散网中与反应区接触 使所述异链烷烃和所述烯烃反应生成烷基化物产物。 优选地，液体系统保持在反应区域的大约沸点。 出乎意料地，已经发现烯烃低聚物作为烯烃前体而不是反应中的烯烃。 因此，例如，使用异丁烯（主要是二聚体和三聚体）的低聚物与异丁烷的冷酸烷基化产生异辛烷，异丁烷与摩尔的低聚物的组分异丁烯单元反应。 产物异辛烷基本上与常规冷酸法中产生的相同。
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公开(公告)号：US06995296B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-07
申请号：US10870104
申请日：2004-06-17
IPC分类号： C07C2/62
CPC分类号： C07C2/62 , C07C11/02 , C07C2527/054 , C10G29/205 , C10G2300/1081 , C10G2300/1088
摘要： A process for the alkylation of alkane with olefin or olefin precursor such as an oligomer of tertiary olefin comprising contacting a liquid system comprising acid catalyst, isoparaffin and olefin in concurrent downflow into contact in a reaction zone with a disperser mesh under conditions of temperature and pressure to react said isoparaffin and said olefin to produce an alkylate product is disclosed. Preferably, the liquid system is maintained at about its boiling point in the reaction zone. Unexpectedly, the olefin oligomers have been found to function as olefin precursors and not as olefins in the reaction. Thus, for example, a cold acid alkylation using an oligomer of isobutene (principally dimer and trimer) with isobutane produces isooctane with the isobutane reacting with the constituent isobutene units of the oligomers on a molar basis. The product isooctane is essentially the same as that produced in the conventional cold acid process.
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公开(公告)号：US4008133A
公开(公告)日：1977-02-15
申请号：US669642
申请日：1976-03-23
申请人： Abraham P. Gelbein , Joon Taek Kwon
发明人： Abraham P. Gelbein , Joon Taek Kwon
IPC分类号： C07C29/66 , C25B3/00 , C07C31/34 , C07D301/26 , C07D303/04
CPC分类号： C07C29/66
摘要： Olefin oxide is produced by reacting chlorine, obtained from an electrolysis cell, with a tertiary alkanol and an aqueous solution, containing sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride, obtained from the cathode of an electrolysis cell, to produce a tertiary alkyl hypochlorite. The hypochlorite is then reacted in a chlorohydrin reactor with an olefinically unsaturated compound and water, essentially free of chloride ions, to produce the corresponding chlorohydrin. The chlorohydrin is recovered and saponified with cell liquor, containing sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride, obtained from the cathode compartment of the cell to produce the olefin oxide.
摘要翻译： 烯烃氧化物通过使从电解槽中获得的氯与由电解槽的阴极获得的叔烷醇和含有氢氧化钠和氯化钠的水溶液反应而生成叔烷基次氯酸盐。 然后将次氯酸盐在氯代醇反应器中与烯属不饱和化合物和基本上不含氯离子的水反应以产生相应的氯代醇。 从细胞的阴极室获得含有氯代醇并用含有氢氧化钠和氯化钠的细胞液皂化产生烯烃氧化物。
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公开(公告)号：US07319180B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-15
申请号：US10973746
申请日：2004-10-26
IPC分类号： C07C2/54
CPC分类号： C07C2/62 , C07C11/02 , C07C2527/054 , C10G29/205 , C10G2300/1081 , C10G2300/1088
摘要： A process for the alkylation of alkane with olefin or olefin precursor such as an oligomer of tertiary olefin comprising contacting a liquid system comprising acid catalyst, isoparaffin and olefin in concurrent downflow into contact in a reaction zone with a disperser mesh under conditions of temperature and pressure to react said isoparaffin and said olefin to produce an alkylate product is disclosed. Preferably, the liquid system is maintained at about its boiling point in the reaction zone. Unexpectedly, the olefin oligomers have been found to function as olefin precursors and not as olefins in the reaction. Thus, for example, a cold acid alkylation using an oligomer of isobutene (principally dimer and trimer) with isobutane produces isooctane with the isobutane reacting with the constituent isobutene units of the oligomers on a molar basis. The product isooctane is essentially the same as that produced in the conventional cold acid process.
摘要翻译： 一种烷烃与烯烃或烯烃前体烷基化的方法，例如叔烯烃的低聚物，包括使含有酸催化剂，异链烷烃和烯烃的液体体系同时向下流动，在温度和压力条件下在分散网中与反应区接触 使所述异链烷烃和所述烯烃反应生成烷基化物产物。 优选地，液体系统保持在反应区域的大约沸点。 出乎意料地，已经发现烯烃低聚物作为烯烃前体而不是反应中的烯烃。 因此，例如，使用异丁烯（主要是二聚体和三聚体）的低聚物与异丁烷的冷酸烷基化产生异辛烷，异丁烷与摩尔的低聚物的组分异丁烯单元反应。 产物异辛烷基本上与常规冷酸法中产生的相同。
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公开(公告)号：US07314947B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-01
申请号：US11358671
申请日：2006-02-21
申请人： J. Yong Ryu , Abraham P. Gelbein
发明人： J. Yong Ryu , Abraham P. Gelbein
IPC分类号： C07C67/18
摘要： A process for the production of dialkyl carbonates from the reaction of alcohol, for example C1-C3 alcohols, with urea is disclosed wherein the water and ammonium carbamates impurities in the feed are removed in a prereactor. The water is reacted with urea in the feed to produce ammonium carbamate which is decomposed along with the ammonium carbamates originally in the feed to ammonia and carbon dioxide. In addition some of the urea is reacted with the alcohol in the first reactor to produce alkyl carbamate which is a precursor to dialkyl carbonate. Dialkyl carbonates are produced in the second reaction zone. The undesired by-product N-alkyl alkyl carbamates are continuously distilled off from the second reaction zone along with ammonia, alcohol and dialkyl carbonates under the steady state reactor operation. N-alkyl alkyl carbamates can be converted to heterocyclic compounds in a third reaction zone to remove as solids from the system.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种由醇（例如C 1 -C 3 -C 3醇）与脲的反应制备碳酸二烷基酯的方法，其中水和氨基甲酸铵在 饲料在预反应器中被去除。 水与进料中的尿素反应生成氨基甲酸铵，氨基甲酸铵与原料在氨和二氧化碳中的氨基甲酸铵一起分解。 此外，一些尿素与第一反应器中的醇反应以产生作为碳酸二烷基酯的前体的氨基甲酸烷基酯。 在第二反应区产生碳酸二烷基酯。 在稳态反应器操作下，不需要的副产物N-烷基烷基氨基甲酸酯与第二反应区连同蒸馏出氨，醇和碳酸二烷基酯。 N-烷基烷基氨基甲酸烷基酯可以在第三反应区转化为杂环化合物，以从体系中作为固体除去。
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