公开(公告)号：US08144325B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-27

申请号：US12508038

申请日：2009-07-23

申请人： Mark D. Ray ,  Michael P. Nesnidal

发明人： Mark D. Ray ,  Michael P. Nesnidal

IPC分类号： G01N21/00 ,  G01J4/00

CPC分类号： B64D15/20

摘要： An airborne multiple field-of-view water droplet sensor includes an illumination portion and a detection portion. The illumination portion includes a first optical beam emitter configured to output a light beam. The detection portion includes a kaleidoscope configured to channel a first portion of the backscattered light towards an inner reflective surface of a circle-to-line converter, a multiple field of view subsystem having at least a first detector configured to receive light reflected by the circle-to-line converter, and a single field-of-view subsystem configured to receive a second portion of the backscattered light, the second portion not having been reflected by the circle-to-line converter. The single field-of-view subsystem may include a dual channel circular polarization detector for distinguishing between liquid water droplets and ice crystals based on information in the single field-of-view.

摘要翻译： 机载多视野水滴传感器包括照明部分和检测部分。 照明部分包括被配置为输出光束的第一光束发射器。 检测部分包括万花筒，该万花筒被配置为将反向散射光的第一部分朝着圆形到直线转换器的内部反射表面传播，多视野子系统具有至少第一检测器，该第一检测器被配置为接收由圆到线转换器反射的光 配置为接收所述反向散射光的第二部分的第一部分，所述第二部分未被所述圆形到线性转换器反射。 单个视野子系统可以包括双通道圆偏振检测器，用于基于单个视场中的信息来区分液体水滴和冰晶。

公开(公告)号：US20130103317A1

公开(公告)日：2013-04-25

申请号：US13280922

申请日：2011-10-25

申请人： Mark D. Ray ,  Gary E. Halama ,  Kaare J. Anderson ,  Michael P. Nesnidal

发明人： Mark D. Ray ,  Gary E. Halama ,  Kaare J. Anderson ,  Michael P. Nesnidal

IPC分类号： G01N15/02 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01S17/95 ,  G01N15/0205 ,  G01S7/497 ,  Y02A90/19

摘要： In one aspect, methods of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud are described herein. In some embodiments, a method of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud comprises sampling a depth of a cloud with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, measuring echo intensities of the electromagnetic radiation returned from the cloud with a detector, determining a measured optical extinction coefficient from the measured echo intensities, determining a measured backscatter coefficient from the measured echo intensities, determining a lidar ratio from the measured optical extinction coefficient and the measured backscatter coefficient, determining from the lidar ratio a value pair comprising a shape parameter (μ) and median volume diameter (DMVD) of the water droplets, and determining a size distribution of the water droplets using the value pair (μ, DMVD).

摘要翻译： 在一个方面，本文描述了确定云中水滴尺寸分布的方法。 在一些实施例中，确定云中水滴的尺寸分布的方法包括用电磁辐射束对云的深度进行采样，使用检测器测量从云返回的电磁辐射的回波强度，确定测量的光 根据测量的回波强度确定消光系数，从测量的回波强度确定测量的反向散射系数，从测量的光学消光系数和测量的反向散射系数确定激光雷达比，从激光雷达比确定包括形状参数（μ）的值对， 和水滴的中值体积直径（DMVD），以及使用值对（mu，DMVD）确定水滴的尺寸分布。

公开(公告)号：US20130103316A1

公开(公告)日：2013-04-25

申请号：US13280877

申请日：2011-10-25

申请人： Mark D. Ray ,  Kaare J. Anderson ,  Michael P. Nesnidal

发明人： Mark D. Ray ,  Kaare J. Anderson ,  Michael P. Nesnidal

IPC分类号： G06F19/00 ,  G01N15/02

CPC分类号： G01S17/95 ,  B64D15/20 ,  G01N15/0211 ,  G01N2015/0026 ,  Y02A90/19

摘要： In one aspect, methods of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud are described herein. In some embodiments, a method of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud comprises sampling a depth of the cloud with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, measuring a scattering signal of the electromagnetic radiation returned from the cloud over a range of field of view angles to provide a measured scattering curve [ptotal(θ)], removing a portion of the measured scattering curve, replacing the removed portion with an extrapolation of the remaining measured scattering curve to provide an estimated scattering curve, and determining a first estimate droplet size distribution [n(1)(D)] from the estimated scattering curve.

摘要翻译： 在一个方面，本文描述了确定云中水滴尺寸分布的方法。 在一些实施例中，确定云中的水滴的尺寸分布的方法包括用电磁辐射束对云的深度进行采样，测量在视场范围内从云返回的电磁辐射的散射信号 角度以提供测量的散射曲线[ptotal（θ）]，去除测量的散射曲线的一部分，用剩余测量的散射曲线的外推替换去除的部分以提供估计的散射曲线，以及确定第一估计液滴尺寸 分布[n（1）（D）]。

公开(公告)号：US07986408B2

公开(公告)日：2011-07-26

申请号：US12264956

申请日：2008-11-05

申请人： Mark D. Ray ,  Michael P. Nesnidal ,  David M. Socha

发明人： Mark D. Ray ,  Michael P. Nesnidal ,  David M. Socha

IPC分类号： G01J4/00

CPC分类号： B64D15/20

摘要： A device for optically detecting and distinguishing airborne liquid water droplets and ice crystals includes an illumination portion and a detection portion. The illumination portion outputs a circularly polarized illuminating beam. The detection portion receives circularly polarized backscattered light from moisture in the cloud, in response to the illuminating beam. The circularly polarized backscattered light is passed through a circular polarizer to convert it into linearly polarized backscattered light, which is split into two components. Each of the two components is optionally subject to further linear polarization to filter out any leakage-type orthogonal polarization. The two components are then optically detected and the resulting detection signals are used to calculate one or more parameters reflective of the presence or absence of airborne ice crystals and/or water droplets.

摘要翻译： 用于光学检测和区分空气中的液体水滴和冰晶的装置包括照明部分和检测部分。 照明部输出圆偏振照明光束。 响应于照明光束，检测部分接收来自云中的水分的圆偏振背散射光。 圆偏振的后向散射光通过圆偏振器以将其转换成线偏振的后向散射光，其被分成两部分。 两个组件中的每一个可选地进一步进行线性极化以滤除任何泄漏型正交极化。 然后光学检测两个组分，并且所得到的检测信号用于计算反映空气冰晶体和/或水滴存在或不存在的一个或多个参数。

公开(公告)号：US20110019188A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-27

申请号：US12508038

申请日：2009-07-23

申请人： Mark D. Ray ,  Michael P. Nesnidal

发明人： Mark D. Ray ,  Michael P. Nesnidal

IPC分类号： G01N21/85 ,  G01J4/00

CPC分类号： B64D15/20

摘要： An airborne multiple field-of-view water droplet sensor includes an illumination portion and a detection portion. The illumination portion includes a first optical beam emitter configured to output a light beam. The detection portion includes a kaleidoscope configured to channel a first portion of the backscattered light towards an inner reflective surface of a circle-to-line converter, a multiple field of view subsystem having at least a first detector configured to receive light reflected by the circle-to-line converter, and a single field-of-view subsystem configured to receive a second portion of the backscattered light, the second portion not having been reflected by the circle-to-line converter. The single field-of-view subsystem may include a dual channel circular polarization detector for distinguishing between liquid water droplets and ice crystals based on information in the single field-of-view.

摘要翻译： 机载多视野水滴传感器包括照明部分和检测部分。 照明部分包括被配置为输出光束的第一光束发射器。 检测部分包括万花筒，该万花筒被配置为将反向散射光的第一部分朝着圆形到直线转换器的内部反射表面传播，多视野子系统具有至少第一检测器，该第一检测器被配置为接收由圆到线转换器反射的光 配置为接收所述反向散射光的第二部分的第一部分，所述第二部分未被所述圆形到线性转换器反射。 单个视野子系统可以包括双通道圆偏振检测器，用于基于单个视场中的信息来区分液体水滴和冰晶。

公开(公告)号：US20100110431A1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-06

申请号：US12264956

申请日：2008-11-05

申请人： Mark D. Ray ,  Michael P. Nesnidal ,  David M. Socha

发明人： Mark D. Ray ,  Michael P. Nesnidal ,  David M. Socha

IPC分类号： G01J4/00 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： B64D15/20

摘要： A device for optically detecting and distinguishing airborne liquid water droplets and ice crystals includes an illumination portion and a detection portion. The illumination portion outputs a circularly polarized illuminating beam. The detection portion receives circularly polarized backscattered light from moisture in the cloud, in response to the illuminating beam. The circularly polarized backscattered light is passed through a circular polarizer to convert it into linearly polarized backscattered light, which is split into two components. Each of the two components is optionally subject to further linear polarization to filter out any leakage-type orthogonal polarization. The two components are then optically detected and the resulting detection signals are used to calculate one or more parameters reflective of the presence or absence of airborne ice crystals and/or water droplets.

摘要翻译： 用于光学检测和区分空气中的液体水滴和冰晶的装置包括照明部分和检测部分。 照明部输出圆偏振照明光束。 响应于照明光束，检测部分接收来自云中的水分的圆偏振背散射光。 圆偏振的后向散射光通过圆偏振器以将其转换成线偏振的后向散射光，其被分成两部分。 两个组件中的每一个可选地进一步进行线性极化以滤除任何泄漏型正交极化。 然后光学检测两个组分，并且所得到的检测信号用于计算反映空气冰晶体和/或水滴存在或不存在的一个或多个参数。

公开(公告)号：US07106424B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-12

申请号：US10386334

申请日：2003-03-11

申请人： Clinton T. Meneely ,  Mark D. Ray ,  Gary E. Halama

发明人： Clinton T. Meneely ,  Mark D. Ray ,  Gary E. Halama

IPC分类号： G01C3/08

CPC分类号： G01C3/08 ,  G01C5/00

摘要： A laser-based altimeter for use on-board an aircraft comprises: a first housing including a hollow cavity and an exit aperture, and a second housing including a hollow cavity and an entrance aperture. A laser source and a plurality of first optical elements are fixedly supported in a compact configuration within the hollow cavity of the first housing. The plurality of first optical elements directs laser beams generated by the laser source from a first optical path to a second optical path which exits the first housing through the exit aperture. At least one second optical element is configured within the hollow cavity of the second housing to form a telescope with a predetermined field of view. The telescope receives at the entrance aperture reflections of the pulsed laser beams from objects within the field of view thereof and focuses the received reflections substantially to a focal point. A light detector is included for receiving and converting the focused reflections into electrical signals representative thereof. The first and second housings are fixedly secured in alignment with respect to each other to permit the second optical path of the pulsed laser beams to be adjusted within the field of view of the telescope. A mirror apparatus is the only first optical element of the plurality that is fixedly adjustable for directing the second optical path within the field of view of the telescope, the mirror apparatus being lockable in place after final adjustment. The first and second housings may be part of a common housing.

摘要翻译： 用于飞机上的基于激光的高度计包括：包括中空腔和出口孔的第一壳体，以及包括中空腔和入口孔的第二壳体。 激光源和多个第一光学元件以紧凑的形式固定地支撑在第一壳体的中空腔内。 多个第一光学元件将由激光源产生的激光束从第一光路引导到通过出射孔离开第一壳体的第二光路。 至少一个第二光学元件构造在第二壳体的中空腔内以形成具有预定视场的望远镜。 望远镜在其视场内的物体的入射孔径反射中接收脉冲激光束，并将接收的反射基本上聚焦到焦点。 包括一个光检测器，用于接收并将聚焦的反射转换成代表其的电信号。 第一和第二壳体相对于彼此固定地固定，以允许脉冲激光束的第二光路在望远镜的视场内被调节。 镜子装置是多个中唯一的第一光学元件，其可固定地可调节以将第二光路引导到望远镜的视场内，镜装置可在最终调节之后被锁定就位。 第一和第二壳体可以是公共壳体的一部分。

公开(公告)号：US07095488B2

公开(公告)日：2006-08-22

申请号：US10347908

申请日：2003-01-21

申请人： James R. Jamieson ,  Mark D. Ray ,  Joseph T. Pesik

发明人： James R. Jamieson ,  Mark D. Ray ,  Joseph T. Pesik

IPC分类号： G01C3/08 ,  G01C1/00 ,  G01B11/26

CPC分类号： G01S7/4817 ,  G01S7/4811 ,  G01S7/483 ,  G01S7/499 ,  G01S17/42 ,  G01S17/89 ,  G01S17/933

摘要： A forward looking cross-track laser altimeter comprises: a first configuration of optical elements for guiding pulsed laser beams along a first optical path; a mirror element coupled to a scanner and disposed in the first optical path, the scanner operative to oscillate the mirror element to sweep the reflected laser beams back and forth across a line at a predetermined frequency; the scanner and mirror element configurable to reflect the pulsed laser beams along paths forward and downward at a predetermined angle to the flight path of the aircraft, wherein the pulsed laser beam paths are caused to be line swept across a ground track forward the aircraft; the mirror element for receiving returns of the pulsed laser beams from the terrain and objects on the terrain forward the aircraft and reflecting the returns along a second optical path to a light detector which produces a return signal in response thereto; a first circuit governed by the return signals for measuring times-of-flight of the returns and generating time-of-flight signals corresponding thereto; the scanner for generating a line sweep position signal; and a second circuit for generating for each return a data profile comprising range and line sweep position thereof based on the corresponding time-of-flight and position signals.

摘要翻译： 一种前视的跨轨道激光高度计包括：用于沿着第一光路引导脉冲激光束的光学元件的第一配置; 耦合到扫描器并设置在第一光路中的反射镜元件，扫描仪可操作以使镜子元件振荡以以预定频率跨过线扫描反射的激光束; 扫描器和镜子元件可配置成沿着沿着飞行器的飞行路径的预定角度向前和向下沿着路径反射脉冲激光束，其中使脉冲激光束路径沿着飞机前方的地面轨道扫过; 用于接收来自地形的脉冲激光束和地形上的物体的返回的反射镜元件，并且将第二光路反射回到光检测器，光检测器响应于该检测器产生返回信号; 由返回信号控制的第一电路，用于测量返回的飞行时间并产生对应于其的飞行时间信号; 用于产生行扫描位置信号的扫描器; 以及第二电路，用于基于相应的飞行时间和位置信号，为每个返回产生包括其范围和行扫描位置的数据简档。

公开(公告)号：US06985212B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-10

申请号：US10440918

申请日：2003-05-19

申请人： James R. Jamieson ,  Mark D. Ray

发明人： James R. Jamieson ,  Mark D. Ray

IPC分类号： G01C3/08 ,  G01C1/00 ,  G01B11/26

CPC分类号： G01S17/89 ,  G01S7/4802 ,  G01S7/4811 ,  G01S7/4818 ,  G01S13/78 ,  G01S13/86 ,  G01S17/023 ,  G01S17/42 ,  G01S17/58 ,  G01S17/66 ,  G01S17/74

摘要： A method of laser scanning a perimeter zone of a target site for the detection of potential threats comprises: scanning a pulsed laser beam across the perimeter zone; receiving echoes from the pulsed laser beam during the perimeter zone scan; deriving range data corresponding to the received echoes; determining position data of the received echoes in the perimeter zone; forming a scene image of a scan of the perimeter zone based on the range and position data of the received echoes thereof; repeating the steps of scanning, receiving, deriving, determining and forming for a plurality of perimeter zone scans to form scene images of each scan of the plurality; and comparing scene images of the plurality to detect a potential threat in the perimeter zone. In addition, a method of authenticating a potential threat detected in a perimeter zone of a target site comprises: detecting the potential threat and upon detection, interrogating the potential threat for a response by a wireless transmission; declaring the potential threat unauthorized if no response is transmitted wirelessly within a predetermined time interval from the interrogation; receiving the response, if transmitted, and determining if the response comprises a proper access code; and declaring the potential threat unauthorized if the received response is determined not to comprise the proper access code.

公开(公告)号：US07697125B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-13

申请号：US11747560

申请日：2007-05-11

申请人： James W. Swenson ,  Mark D. Ray ,  Malcolm B. McIntosh ,  Clinton T. Meneely

发明人： James W. Swenson ,  Mark D. Ray ,  Malcolm B. McIntosh ,  Clinton T. Meneely

IPC分类号： G01B11/26

CPC分类号： G01S7/4812 ,  G01S7/4817 ,  G01S7/483 ,  G01S17/10 ,  G01S17/42 ,  G01S17/88 ,  G01S17/89 ,  G02B19/0028 ,  G02B19/0085 ,  G02B26/105

摘要： A LADAR has adjustable operational parameters to accommodate surveillance of a particular site. The LADAR includes a controller, a laser source governed by the controller to generate a laser beam pulsed at a pulse repetition rate, an optical scanner, a first set of optics, a first drive assembly governed by the controller, a second drive assembly governed by the controller, a light detector, a second set of optics for guiding laser echo pulses, and a processor coupled to the light detector to accommodate surveillance of the particular site.

摘要翻译： LADAR具有可调整的操作参数，以适应特定场所的监视。 LADAR包括控制器，由控制器控制的激光源，以产生以脉冲重复频率脉冲的激光束，光学扫描器，第一组光学器件，由控制器控制的第一驱动组件，由第一驱动组件控制的第二驱动组件 所述控制器，光检测器，用于引导激光回波脉冲的第二组光学器件，以及耦合到所述光检测器以适应所述特定位置的监视的处理器。