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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for determining and assessing a characteristic of a material 失效用于确定和评估材料特性的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US07082833B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-01
申请号：US10860636
申请日：2004-06-04
申请人： Joseph S. Heyman , John T. Lynch
发明人： Joseph S. Heyman , John T. Lynch
CPC分类号： G01N29/30 , G01N29/07 , G01N29/11 , G01N29/227 , G01N2203/0016 , G01N2203/0023 , G01N2203/0062 , G01N2203/0075 , G01N2291/02491 , G01N2291/02827 , G01N2291/02881 , G01N2291/044 , G01N2291/048 , G01N2291/2623
摘要： An acoustic energy-based, non-contact or contact testing approach provides low cost, highly accurate, and reliable information to (a) identify flaws and anomalies and (b) assess the integrity of a particular material. This approach is not hindered by surface conditions or impediments, and indeed, looks beneath the surface of the material by propagating an acoustic wave through the material using two differential transducers. A dynamic differential measurement is made of the material under a load condition and an unloaded condition that allows identification and assessment of various characteristics of the material. Multiple “windows” of information may be generated that permit (a) direct detection of flaws, defects, and anomalies using a scattering technique, (b) detection of crack closure and opening used to assess the stability of the material, (c) determination of strain on the material which relates to its performance, and (d) determination of defect dynamics linked to the defect size and stability.
摘要翻译： 基于声能，非接触或接触测试方法提供低成本，高度准确和可靠的信息，以（a）识别缺陷和异常，以及（b）评估特定材料的完整性。 这种方法不受表面条件或障碍物的阻碍，实际上通过使用两个差分换能器将声波传播通过材料，在材料的表面下方。 在负载条件下的材料和允许识别和评估材料的各种特性的卸载条件下进行动态差分测量。 可以产生多个“窗口”的信息，其允许（a）使用散射技术直接检测缺陷，缺陷和异常，（b）检测用于评估材料的稳定性的裂纹闭合和打开，（c）确定 在与其性能有关的材料上的应变，（d）确定与缺陷尺寸和稳定性相关的缺陷动力学。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07934424B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-03
申请号：US11782229
申请日：2007-07-24
申请人： Mark J. McKenna , Joseph S. Heyman
发明人： Mark J. McKenna , Joseph S. Heyman
IPC分类号： G01N29/07
CPC分类号： G01N29/07 , G01H5/00 , G01N29/346 , G01N2291/02491 , G01N2291/02827
摘要： A material characteristic measurement approach measures an internal state of a material by measuring the nonlinear shift in velocity induced by different acoustic energies. The technology for implementing this measurement approach is relatively simple, robust, permits portable measurements, does not require that an unloaded initial condition of the material be measured or otherwise known in order to determine a characteristic of the material, can be applied using one or more transducers, and does not require physical contact with the material. Some example material characteristics include a residual stress existing without any external mechanical force applied, applied stress, a fatigue state, age, an interference-fit fastener stress, bio-activity, a nanostructure mixture of the material, a heat treatment of the material, a cross-linking of polymers in the material, a bio-growth organization of the material, a clotting factor of blood or blood-like material, a cure of an adhesive or sealant material, or the microstructure of the material.
摘要翻译： 材料特性测量方法通过测量由不同声能引起的速度的非线性偏移来测量材料的内部状态。 用于实施该测量方法的技术相对简单，稳健，允许便携式测量，不要求材料的未加载初始条件被测量或以其他方式被知道以便确定材料的特性，可以使用一个或多个 传感器，并且不需要与材料的物理接触。 一些示例性材料特征包括存在没有施加任何外部机械力的残余应力，施加的应力，疲劳状态，年龄，干涉配合紧固件应力，生物活性，材料的纳米结构混合物，材料的热处理， 材料中聚合物的交联，材料的生物生长组织，血液或血液样物质的凝血因子，粘合剂或密封剂材料的固化或材料的微观结构。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5637799A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-10
申请号：US571687
申请日：1995-12-13
申请人： Joseph S. Heyman , Nurul Abedin , Kuen J. Sun
发明人： Joseph S. Heyman , Nurul Abedin , Kuen J. Sun
CPC分类号： G01N29/50 , G01N29/07 , G01N29/11 , G01N29/28 , G01N2291/011 , G01N2291/015 , G01N2291/0231 , G01N2291/102
摘要： A multilayer object having multiple layers arranged in a stacking direction is evaluated for imperfections such as voids, delaminations and microcracks. First, an acoustic wave is transmitted into the object in the stacking direction via an appropriate transducer/waveguide combination. The wave propagates through the multilayer object and is received by another transducer/waveguide combination preferably located on the same surface as the transmitting combination. The received acoustic wave is correlated with the presence or absence of imperfections by, e.g., generating pulse echo signals indicative of the received acoustic wave, wherein the successive signals form distinct groups over time. The respective peak amplitudes of each group are sampled and curve fit to an exponential curve, wherein a substantial fit of approximately 80-90% indicates an absence of imperfections and a significant deviation indicates the presence of imperfections. Alternatively, the time interval between distinct groups can be measured, wherein equal intervals indicate the absence of imperfections and unequal intervals indicate the presence of imperfections.
摘要翻译： 对层叠方向排列多层的多层物体进行评价，例如空隙，脱层和微裂纹等缺陷。 首先，声波通过适当的换能器/波导组合在层叠方向上被传送到物体中。 波传播通过多层物体，并被另一个传感器/波导组合接收，优选地位于与传输组合相同的表面上。 所接收的声波通过例如产生表示接收到的声波的脉冲回波信号与存在或不存在缺陷相关联，其中连续信号随时间形成不同的组。 对各组的峰值振幅进行采样，并将曲线拟合到指数曲线上，其中大约80-90％的基本拟合表示不存在缺陷，显着的偏差表明存在缺陷。 或者，可以测量不同组之间的时间间隔，其中等间隔表示不存在缺陷，不等间隔表示存在缺陷。
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公开(公告)号：US4843346A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-27
申请号：US203177
申请日：1988-06-07
摘要： A radio frequency strain monitor includes a voltage controlled oscillator for generating an oscillating signal that is input into a propagation path. The propagation path is preferably bonded to the surface of a structure to be monitored and produces a propagated signal. A phase difference between the oscillating and propagated signals is detected and maintained at a substantially constant value which is preferably a multiple of 90.degree. by changing the frequency of the oscillating signal. Any change in frequency of the oscillating signal provides an indication of strain in the structure to which the propagation path is bonded.
摘要翻译： 无线电频率应变监测器包括用于产生输入到传播路径中的振荡信号的压控振荡器。 传播路径优选地结合到要监视的结构的表面并产生传播信号。 通过改变振荡信号的频率，检测振荡和传播信号之间的相位差并将其维持在基本上恒定的值，其优选为90°的倍数。 振荡信号的频率的任何变化提供传播路径被结合到的结构中的应变指示。
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公开(公告)号：US4310906A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-12
申请号：US106136
申请日：1979-12-21
申请人： John H. Cantrell, Jr. , Joseph S. Heyman , William T. Yost , Michael A. Torbett , Mack A. Breazeale
发明人： John H. Cantrell, Jr. , Joseph S. Heyman , William T. Yost , Michael A. Torbett , Mack A. Breazeale
CPC分类号： G01S1/72
摘要： A broadband megahertz range electrostatic acoustic transducer for use in a liquid environment. A liquid-tight enclosure 11 which includes a metallic conducting membrane 18 as part of its outside surface has a means 19 inside the liquid-tight enclosure for applying a tension to the membrane and for mounting an electrode 23 such that the flat end of the electrode is approximately parallel to the membrane. The invention includes structure and a method for ensuring that the membrane 18 and the flat end of the electrode 23 are exactly parallel and a fixed predetermined distance from each other.
摘要翻译： 用于液体环境的宽带兆赫范围静音换能器。 包括作为其外表面的一部分的金属导电膜18的液密封壳体11具有在液密封壳体内部的装置19，用于向膜施加张力并用于安装电极23，使得电极的平坦端 大致平行于膜。 本发明包括用于确保膜18和电极23的平坦端精确平行并且彼此具有固定的预定距离的结构和方法。
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公开(公告)号：US07404671B2
公开(公告)日：2008-07-29
申请号：US11372628
申请日：2006-03-09
IPC分类号： G01K11/22
摘要： Acoustic temperature measurement at a remote location is provided. An acoustic source transmits acoustic radiation to an acoustic receiver along an acoustic path. The path passes through or near the remote location. The temperature is non-uniform along the path. A change in an integrated acoustic delay between the source and receiver along the path is measured. This acoustic delay can be either a phase velocity delay or a group velocity delay. The temperature at the remote location is determined by relating the measured change in integrated acoustic delay to the remote location temperature with a combined thermal-acoustic model. The combined model relates temperature to acoustic propagation velocity along the path. The combined model preferably includes temperatures of the source and receiver locations, and a heat source geometry at the remote location.
摘要翻译： 提供远程位置的声温测量。 声源将声辐射沿着声学路径传送到声学接收器。 路径通过或靠近远程位置。 温度沿路径不均匀。 测量沿着路径的源和接收器之间的集成声学延迟的变化。 该声学延迟可以是相速度延迟或组速度延迟。 通过将测量的整体声学延迟的变化与远程位置温度的组合热声模型相关联来确定远程位置处的温度。 组合模型将温度与沿路径的声传播速度相关联。 组合模型优选地包括源和接收器位置的温度，以及远程位置处的热源几何形状。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5969253A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-19
申请号：US872492
申请日：1997-06-09
申请人： Joseph S. Heyman , Md. Nurul Abedin , Kuen J. Sun
发明人： Joseph S. Heyman , Md. Nurul Abedin , Kuen J. Sun
CPC分类号： G01N29/50 , G01N29/07 , G01N29/11 , G01N29/28 , G01N2291/011 , G01N2291/015 , G01N2291/0231 , G01N2291/102
摘要： A multilayer object having multiple layers arranged in a stacking direction is evaluated for imperfections such as voids, delaminations and microcracks. First, an acoustic wave is transmitted into the object in the stacking direction via an appropriate transducer/waveguide combination. The wave propagates through the multilayer object and is received by another transducer/waveguide combination preferably located on the same surface as the transmitting combination. The received acoustic wave is correlated with the presence or absence of imperfections by, e.g., generating pulse echo signals indicative of the received acoustic wave, wherein the successive signals form distinct groups over time. The respective peak amplitudes of each group are sampled and curve fit to an exponential curve, wherein a substantial fit of approximately 80-90% indicates an absence of imperfections and a significant deviation indicates the presence of imperfections. Alternatively, the time interval between distinct groups can be measured, wherein equal intervals indicate the absence of imperfections and unequal intervals indicate the presence of imperfections.
摘要翻译： 对层叠方向排列多层的多层物体进行评价，例如空隙，脱层和微裂纹等缺陷。 首先，声波通过适当的换能器/波导组合在层叠方向上被传送到物体中。 波传播通过多层物体，并被另一个传感器/波导组合接收，优选地位于与传输组合相同的表面上。 所接收的声波通过例如产生表示接收到的声波的脉冲回波信号与存在或不存在缺陷相关联，其中连续信号随时间形成不同的组。 对各组的峰值振幅进行采样，并将曲线拟合到指数曲线上，其中大约80-90％的基本拟合表示不存在缺陷，显着的偏差表明存在缺陷。 或者，可以测量不同组之间的时间间隔，其中等间隔表示不存在缺陷，不等间隔表示存在缺陷。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5562345A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-08
申请号：US571688
申请日：1995-12-13
IPC分类号： G01N25/72
CPC分类号： G01N25/72
摘要： A heat source such as a magnetic induction/eddy current generator remotely heats a region of a surface of a test structure to a desired depth. For example, the frequency of the heating source can be varied to heat to the desired depth. A thermal sensor senses temperature changes in the heated region as a function of time. A computer compares these sensed temperature changes with calibration standards of a similar sample having known disbond and/or inclusion geography(ies) to analyze the test structure. A plurality of sensors can be arranged linearly to sense vector heat flow.
摘要翻译： 诸如磁感应/涡流发生器的热源将测试结构的表面的区域远程加热到期望的深度。 例如，可以改变加热源的频率以加热到期望的深度。 热传感器根据时间来检测加热区域的温度变化。 计算机将这些感测的温度变化与具有已知的解离和/或包含地理学的相似样品的校准标准进行比较，以分析测试结构。 可以将多个传感器线性布置以感测矢量热流。
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公开(公告)号：US5493511A
公开(公告)日：1996-02-20
申请号：US988084
申请日：1992-12-08
CPC分类号： B06B1/045 , G01H11/02 , G01N29/12 , G01N29/2412 , G01N2203/0062 , G01N2291/014 , G01N2291/0237 , G01N2291/0258 , G01N2291/0427 , G01N2291/105
摘要： A device and method are provided which non-destructively detect crack length and crack geometry in thin metallic plates. A non-contacting vibration apparatus produces resonant vibrations without introducing extraneous noise. Resulting resonant vibration shifts in cracked plates are correlated to known crack length in plates with similar resonant vibration shifts. In addition, acoustic emissions of cracks at resonance frequencies are correlated to acoustic emissions from known crack geometries.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种非破坏性地检测薄金属板中的裂纹长度和裂缝几何形状的装置和方法。 非接触式振动装置产生共振振动而不引入外来噪声。 裂纹板中产生的共振振动偏移与具有类似共振振动位移的板中已知的裂纹长度相关。 此外，谐振频率处的裂纹的声发射与已知裂纹几何形状的声发射相关。
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公开(公告)号：US5147562A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-15
申请号：US628062
申请日：1990-12-17
申请人： Joseph S. Heyman
发明人： Joseph S. Heyman
CPC分类号： B01D21/283 , B01D17/04 , B01D17/06 , B01D21/0009 , B03B5/00 , G01N30/00 , G01N30/02
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for acoustophoresis, i.e., the separation of species via acoustic waves. An ultrasonic transducer applies an acoustic wave to one end of a sample container containing at least two species having different acoustic absorptions. The wave has a frequency tuned to or harmonized with the point of resonance of the species to be separated. This wave causes the species to be driven to an opposite end of the sample container for removal. A second ultrasonic transducer may be provided to apply a second, oppositely directed acoustic wave to prevent undesired streaming. In addition, a radio frequency tuned to the mechanical resonance and coupled with a magnetic field can serve to identify a species in a medium comprising species with similar absorption coefficients, whereby an acoustic wave having a frequency corresponding to this gyrational rate can then be applied to sweep the identified species to one end of the container for removal.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于声波输送的方法和装置，即通过声波分离物质。 超声换能器将声波施加到包含至少两种具有不同声吸收的物质的样品容器的一端。 波的频率被调谐到或与要分离的物种的共振点相一致。 这种波浪使物种被驱动到样品容器的另一端以便去除。 可以提供第二超声波换能器以施加第二相对定向的声波以防止不期望的流动。 此外，调谐到机械共振并与磁场耦合的射频可用于识别包含具有相似吸收系数的物质的介质中的物种，由此可以将具有对应于该起搏速率的频率的声波应用于 将识别的物种扫到容器的一端以便清除。
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