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公开(公告)号：US5395042A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-07
申请号：US197615
申请日：1994-02-17
申请人： Joseph D. Riley , Marc H. Popek
发明人： Joseph D. Riley , Marc H. Popek
CPC分类号： F24F11/0009 , G05D23/1917 , F24F11/0012 , F24F11/0034 , F24F2011/0026 , Y02B30/78
摘要： An apparatus and method for controlling the operation of (HVAC) equipment or other climate control equipment. The method is executed by a conventional computer with a memory storing a program. The system determines whether the space is not occupied and if the temperature drifts outside an allowed margin, then the system allows the temperature to drift to a maximum allowable margin, or to a newly determined margin, whichever is less. The newly determined margin is based upon a determination of the maximum temperature margin to which the system can drift and still drive the temperature back substantially to the use set point within a predetermined maximum recovery time. The recovery time is calculated based upon past temperature-vs.-time data stored for previous cycles of drift and drive. The system can further increase the energy savings by augmenting the allowed recovery time and/or maximum drift range when the ratio of the incremental drift time to the consequent required drive time exceeds a predetermined, programmable amount, i.e. when the added drive time required to return to a certain temperature is small relative to the added allowed drift time for the space, during which the HVAC equipment is not operating and hence no energy is being consumed. Savings and usage of energy over time are stored, and are output to the user upon request to the control computer. The stored data can also be used to determine whether the HVAC equipment's efficiency is deteriorating, and thus whether corrective maintenance is needed.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制（HVAC）设备或其他气候控制设备的操作的装置和方法。 该方法由具有存储程序的存储器的常规计算机执行。 系统确定空间是否不占用，如果温度漂移在允许的余量之外，则系统允许温度漂移到最大允许余量，或新确定的余量（以较小者为准）。 新确定的余量基于系统可以漂移的最大温度裕度的确定，并且仍然在预定的最大恢复时间内将温度基本上驱回到使用设定点。 恢复时间是根据先前的漂移和驱动周期存储的温度 - 时间数据计算的。 当增量漂移时间与随后的所需驱动时间的比率超过预定的可编程量时，即当返回所需的增加的驱动时间时，系统可以通过增加允许的恢复时间和/或最大漂移范围来进一步增加能量节省 相对于空间的增加的允许的漂移时间，在一定温度下，HVAC设备不工作，因此没有消耗能量。 储存和使用能量随着时间的推移被存储，并且根据要求向控制计算机输出给用户。 存储的数据也可以用于确定HVAC设备的效率是否恶化，因此是否需要校正维护。
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公开(公告)号：US4675872A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-23
申请号：US781591
申请日：1985-09-30
申请人： Marc H. Popek , Kenneth D. Springer
发明人： Marc H. Popek , Kenneth D. Springer
CPC分类号： H01S3/115
摘要： A Q-switch driver for controlling laser output pulses, so that the laser output pulses are of an approximately equal amplitude. Sequences of light request pulses, each such light request pulse for causing the laser to produce a laser output pulse, are input to the Q-switch driver. The Q-switch is controlled by an RF oscillating signal produced by the Q-switch driver such that when the RF signal is present there is no output signal from the laser, and when the RF signal is zero a laser output pulse is produced. If the time between sequences of light request pulses is greater than a predetermined value, the RF signal from the Q-switch driver is modified by leaving the RF partially on so that there is some Q-spoiling present. The amount of RF produced during each light request pulse is gradually diminished exponentially over a predetermined time so that eventually the RF goes to zero during each light request pulse. Modifying the RF produced by the Q-switch driver prevents the generation of a giant first pulse by the laser.
摘要翻译： 用于控制激光输出脉冲的Q开关驱动器，使得激光输出脉冲具有大致相等的幅度。 光请求脉冲的序列，每个这样的用于使激光产生激光输出脉冲的光请求脉冲被输入到Q开关驱动器。 Q开关由Q开关驱动器产生的RF振荡信号控制，使得当RF信号存在时，没有来自激光器的输出信号，并且当RF信号为零时，产生激光输出脉冲。 如果光请求脉冲序列之间的时间大于预定值，则通过使RF部分地接通来改变来自Q开关驱动器的RF信号，使得存在一些Q-扰流。 在每个光请求脉冲期间产生的RF的量在预定时间内以指数方式逐渐减小，使得最终在每个光请求脉冲期间RF变为零。 修改由Q开关驱动器产生的RF可以防止激光产生巨大的第一脉冲。
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公开(公告)号：US4886345A
公开(公告)日：1989-12-12
申请号：US228655
申请日：1988-08-05
申请人： Marc H. Popek
发明人： Marc H. Popek
IPC分类号： G02F1/03
CPC分类号： G02F1/0344
摘要： An electro-optical phase modulator. The electro-optical modulator incorporates a stripline configuration with a bottom ground plane attached to the bottom surface of the crystal and a signal conductor that is affixed to the top surface of the crystal. The signal conductor is separatred from a top ground plane by a dielectric, usually air. The top ground plane also overhangs the sides of the crystal to lower the effective dielectric constant of the modulating signal that is applied to the signal conductor. In this way, the electric field established in the crystal by the modulating signal has a speed more nearly equal to the speed of the optical beam that passes through the crystal and is modulated by the electrical signal.
摘要翻译： 一种电光相位调制器。 电光调制器包括带状线结构，其底部接地平面附接到晶体的底表面，以及固定到晶体顶表面的信号导体。 信号导体通过电介质（通常为空气）与顶部接地层分离。 顶部接地平面也悬垂在晶体的两侧，以降低施加到信号导体的调制信号的有效介电常数。 以这种方式，通过调制信号在晶体中建立的电场的速度更接近于通过晶体并被电信号调制的光束的速度。
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公开(公告)号：US4510465A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-09
申请号：US522623
申请日：1983-08-12
申请人： Craig W. Rice , Marc H. Popek
发明人： Craig W. Rice , Marc H. Popek
CPC分类号： H03C3/0958 , H03B5/1203 , H03B5/1228 , H03B5/1243 , H03C3/225 , H03C2200/005 , H03C2200/0083 , H03L2207/06
摘要： In a compensated VCO circuit arrangement for providing constant modulation level over a wide frequency band a VCO is disclosed having a linear VCO gain factor vs. control voltage curve over the wide frequency band of interest. A compensation network is coupled to the VCO to provide an audio output having a linear output level vs. control voltage curve. By appropriately matching the two linear curves the variation in modulation level over the frequency band of interest is substantially reduced.
摘要翻译： 在用于在宽频带上提供恒定调制电平的补偿VCO电路装置中，公开了在感兴趣的宽频带上具有线性VCO增益因数与控制电压曲线的VCO。 补偿网络耦合到VCO以提供具有线性输出电平与控制电压曲线的音频输出。 通过适当地匹配两条线性曲线，感兴趣的频带上的调制电平的变化显着降低。
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公开(公告)号：US20080094773A1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-24
申请号：US11428916
申请日：2006-07-06
申请人： Marc H. Popek
发明人： Marc H. Popek
IPC分类号： H05F3/04
CPC分类号： H05K9/0056 , A61N1/14
摘要： Electrostatic discharge protection for guided wave microwave structures is provided by a protection device that imposes minimal disruption on the microwave structures and negligible interference with the normal operation of the structures. The protection device provides a discharge path between a signal conductor and a ground conductor when electrostatic charges on the signal conductor reach a predetermined voltage level. The protection device includes an insulating base that bridges a space between the signal conductor and the ground conductor and that supports a dispersion of metal particles adhered to the base.
摘要翻译： 用于导波微波结构的静电放电保护由保护装置提供，其对微波结构施加最小的破坏，并且对结构的正常操作可以忽略不计。 当信号导体上的静电电荷达到预定电压电平时，保护装置提供信号导体和接地导体之间的放电路径。 保护装置包括绝缘基座，其桥接信号导体和接地导体之间的空间，并且支撑附着在基座上的金属颗粒的分散体。
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公开(公告)号：US5164627A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-17
申请号：US228333
申请日：1988-07-26
申请人： Marc H. Popek
发明人： Marc H. Popek
CPC分类号： H03H9/40 , G01S7/021 , G10K11/346
摘要： A bulk acoustic signal processor for processing GHz range R.F. signals employs a transmitter array comprised of an apodized set of subdivided interdigital electrodes mounted on a bulk wave launching crystal, the apodization being defined by the shape of an aperture in a layer of dielectric material on the crystal, over which the electrodes extend into contact with the surface of crystal for stressing the crystal and launching an acoustic wave into the bulk on which the crystal is mounted. Because a respective subdivided set of interdigital electrode elements has an impedance on the order of 0.5 to 6 ohms, each set is driven by a dedicated, impedance-transforming GaAs FET source-follower amplifier. When driven by an R.F. input signal, the respective sets of driver electrodes launch a focused set of acoustic waves which effectively spatially combine with one another to form a directed bulk wave whose direction of travel in the bulk is proportional to the input frequency and whose intensity is sufficient to enable the input energy to be detected by a spaced apart receiver electrode array. The receiver electrode array, similar to its transmitter counterpart, is formed of a plurality of interleaved electrode layers or fingers which extend over the layer of dielectric atop the lithium niobate crystal and into a receiver array aperture in the dielectric layer into contact with the surface of the crystal.
摘要翻译： 用于处理GHz范围R.F.的体声信号处理器 信号采用由安装在体波发射晶体上的细分叉指电极的变迹组构成的发射器阵列，该变迹由晶体上介电材料层中的孔的形状限定，电极延伸与晶体接触 晶体表面，用于对晶体进行应力，并将声波发射到安装晶体的体中。 因为各自细分的叉指电极元件的阻抗大约为0.5至6欧姆，因此每组由专用的阻抗变换GaAs FET源极跟随放大器驱动。 当由R.F. 相应的驱动电极组发射一组聚焦的声波，这些声波在空间上相互组合，形成定向体波，其中体积的行进方向与输入频率成比例，其强度足以使 输入能量由间隔开的接收器电极阵列检测。 与其发射器对应物类似的接收器电极阵列由多个交错的电极层或指状物形成，该多个交替电极层或指状物在铌酸锂晶体上方的电介质层上延伸并且延伸到电介质层中的接收器阵列孔中， 水晶。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4939387A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-03
申请号：US190658
申请日：1988-05-05
申请人： Marc H. Popek , Pat O. Bentley
发明人： Marc H. Popek , Pat O. Bentley
摘要： An amplitude modulation apparatus for achieving an extremely deep extinction ratio (in excess of -90 dBc) at nanosecond rise times required by an SAW device comprises the cascaded combination of a controlled switching device (GaAsFET), capable of providing a medium degree (40 dB) of attenuation at nanosecond switching rates, and a double balanced mixer, both multiplier input ports of which are coupled to receive split outputs from the GaAsFET switch. Because of the nonlinearity of the transfer function of the mixer when driven by the same RF carrier input at both multiplier ports, the output of the mixer is in excess of -90 dBc. In an SAW-based signal processing system, the output of the mixer is coupled to RF drive input of the SAW device. With the throughput functionality of the GaAsFET switch being precisely controlled to supply an integral number of half RF carrier frequency cycles to the double balanced mixer, the resultant waveform that is applied to the SAW device drive input from the mixer contains no energy at the RF carrier that could otherwise introduce unwanted Fresnel distortion.
摘要翻译： 用于在SAW器件所需的纳秒上升时间达到极高消光比（超过-90dBc）的幅度调制装置包括能够提供中等程度（40dB）的受控开关器件（GaAsFET）的级联组合 ）和双平衡混频器，其两个乘法器输入端口被耦合以接收来自GaAsFET开关的分离输出。 由于在两个乘法器端口由相同RF载波输入驱动时混频器的传递函数的非线性，混频器的输出超过-90 dBc。 在基于SAW的信号处理系统中，混频器的输出耦合到SAW器件的RF驱动输入端。 随着GaAsFET开关的吞吐量功能被精确控制，向双平衡混频器提供整体数量的半RF载波频率周期，施加到来自混频器的SAW器件驱动输入的合成波形在RF载波上不含能量 否则会引起不必要的菲涅尔失真。
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公开(公告)号：US07768764B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-03
申请号：US11428916
申请日：2006-07-06
申请人： Marc H. Popek
发明人： Marc H. Popek
IPC分类号： H05F3/04
CPC分类号： H05K9/0056 , A61N1/14
摘要： Electrostatic discharge protection for guided wave microwave structures is provided by a protection device that imposes minimal disruption on the microwave structures and negligible interference with the normal operation of the structures. The protection device provides a discharge path between a signal conductor and a ground conductor when electrostatic charges on the signal conductor reach a predetermined voltage level. The protection device includes an insulating base that bridges a space between the signal conductor and the ground conductor and that supports a dispersion of metal particles adhered to the base.
摘要翻译： 用于导波微波结构的静电放电保护由保护装置提供，其对微波结构施加最小的破坏，并且对结构的正常操作可以忽略不计。 当信号导体上的静电电荷达到预定电压电平时，保护装置提供信号导体和接地导体之间的放电路径。 保护装置包括绝缘基座，其桥接信号导体和接地导体之间的空间，并且支撑附着在基座上的金属颗粒的分散体。
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公开(公告)号：US4916808A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-17
申请号：US158802
申请日：1988-02-22
CPC分类号： H01P1/047 , H01P11/003 , H01P5/08 , H01L2224/4824 , H01L2924/0102 , H01L2924/01039 , H01L2924/01078 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/3011 , Y10T29/49016 , Y10T29/49126 , Y10T29/49156 , Y10T29/49165
摘要： A process for forming a stripline interface conductor. A stripline interface conductor receives a circuit element and provides spaced-apart connections to each of the closely spaced leads of the circuit element. A first ground plane layer and an attached dielectric layer are perforated to create a first access opening and a plurality of second access openings. The plurality of second access openings are spaced at a distance from the first access opening so that closely spaced leads of the circuit element can be attached to signal traces at the first access opening and electrical connection can be made to the leads in a spaced-apart geometry at the plurality of smaller access openings. A second dielectric layer including top and bottom metallic layers is attached to the exposed side of the first dielectric layer. Before this attachment the top metallic surface of the second dielectric is etched to form the signal traces and a third access opening is formed through all three layers. The two pieces are bonded using a liquid adhesive and the first access opening is placed in registry with the third access opening. The circuit element is electrically connected to the signal traces using the portion of the signal traces exposed through the registered holes. Spaced apart connections to the leads of the circuit element are provided through the plurality of spaced-apart second access openings.
摘要翻译： 一种用于形成带状线接口导体的工艺。 带状线接口导体接收电路元件并且提供与电路元件的每个紧密间隔的引线的间隔开的连接。 第一接地层和附着的介电层被穿孔以形成第一进入开口和多个第二进入开口。 多个第二进入开口与第一进入开口间隔开一定距离，使得电路元件的紧密间隔的引线可以附接到第一进入开口处的信号迹线，并且可以以间隔开的方式将电连接到引线 在多个较小的进入开口处的几何形状。 包括顶部和底部金属层的第二电介质层附着到第一介电层的暴露侧。 在该附接之前，蚀刻第二电介质的顶部金属表面以形成信号迹线，并且通过所有三个层形成第三存取开口。 使用液体粘合剂粘合两个部件，并且将第一进入开口放置成与第三进入口对准。 使用暴露在注册孔中的信号迹线的一部分，电路元件与信号迹线电连接。 通过多个间隔开的第二进入开口设置与电路元件引线间隔开的连接。
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公开(公告)号：US4720690A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-19
申请号：US885557
申请日：1986-07-14
IPC分类号： H01L23/498 , H01L23/66 , H01P1/00 , H01P3/08 , H01P5/12
CPC分类号： H01P3/085 , H01L23/49822 , H01L23/66 , H01L24/48 , H01P1/00 , H01L2224/48091 , H01L2224/48227 , H01L2224/48228 , H01L2224/4824 , H01L2224/484 , H01L2924/00014 , H01L2924/01025 , H01L2924/01029 , H01L2924/01033 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/01082 , H01L2924/014 , H01L2924/14 , H01L2924/3011 , Y10T29/49016
摘要： A sculptured stripline interface conductor for providing spaced apart access to the closely spaced conductors of a circuit element. The low impedance and crosstalk of stripline suggests the use thereof in high-frequency applications. In the sculptured stripline interface conductor of the present invention the circuit traces of the buried signal layer are closely spaced in a first section of the stripline interface conductor and spaced further apart in a second section thereof. In the area where the circuit traces are closely spaced, different-shaped rectangular holes are made in the upper and lower ground plane conductors to expose the inner circuit traces. The upper ground plane conductor also has holes in the second section for exposing a pad in the circuit traces. External connection to each conductor of the circuit element is then made to the circuit trace pad through the holes in the upper ground plane conductor. The circuit element is disposed adjacent the rectangular holes and the leads thereof are connected to the inner circuit traces exposed by the rectangular holes.
摘要翻译： 一种雕刻的带状线接口导体，用于提供与电路元件的紧密间隔的导体间隔开的通路。 带状线的低阻抗和串扰表明其在高频应用中的应用。 在本发明的雕刻带状线接口导体中，掩埋信号层的电路迹线在带状线接口导体的第一部分中紧密间隔开，并在其第二部分中进一步间隔开。 在电路迹线紧密分布的区域中，在上下接地平面导体中形成不同形状的矩形孔，以露出内部电路迹线。 上接地平面导体在第二部分中也具有孔，用于暴露电路迹线中的焊盘。 然后通过上接地平面导体中的孔将与电路元件的每个导体的外部连接制成电路迹线焊盘。 电路元件邻近矩形孔设置，其引线与由矩形孔露出的内部电路迹线连接。
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