公开(公告)号：US4608059A

公开(公告)日：1986-08-26

申请号：US652760

申请日：1984-09-20

申请人： Hans Kupfer ,  Carl Hafke

发明人： Hans Kupfer ,  Carl Hafke

IPC分类号： C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/14 ,  C10J3/16

CPC分类号： C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  Y10S48/10

摘要： The fuel constitutes a fixed bed in the reactor, which is provided in its lower portion with a rotating grate, which is adapted to be speed-controlled. The gasifying agents consisting of oxygen, steam and/or carbon dioxide are introduced through the rotating grate into the fixed bed. Under the action of the rotating grate the incombustible mineral constituents are delivered as solid ash to a lock chamber container. The speed of the rotating grate is controlled in dependence on the temperature in the lock chamber container. The speed will be decreased when the temperature in the lock chamber container exceeds a desired value, and increased when the temperature is too low. The desired temperature in the lock chamber container is taken into account as a range, which varies with time. The speed can be controlled by hand or can be automatically controlled with the aid of a computer. The rate at which oxygen as a gasifying agent is supplied to the reactor is also taken into account in the speed control.

摘要翻译： 燃料在反应器中构成固定床，其在其下部设置有适于进行速度控制的旋转炉排。 由氧，蒸汽和/或二氧化碳组成的气化剂通过旋转炉排引入固定床。 在旋转格栅的作用下，不可燃矿物成分作为固体灰分输送到锁室容器。 旋转炉排的速度根据锁室容器内的温度进行控制。 当锁室容器中的温度超过期望值时，速度将会降低，当温度过低时，速度会增加。 考虑到锁室容器中的期望温度作为随时间变化的范围。 速度可以手动控制，也可以通过电脑自动控制。 在速度控制中也考虑了将作为气化剂的氧气供应到反应器的速率。

公开(公告)号：US4040800A

公开(公告)日：1977-08-09

申请号：US715077

申请日：1976-08-17

申请人： Paul Rudolph ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Hans Kupfer ,  Carl Hafke ,  Rudolf Kohlen

发明人： Paul Rudolph ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Hans Kupfer ,  Carl Hafke ,  Rudolf Kohlen

IPC分类号： C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/30

CPC分类号： C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976

摘要： An apparatus for gasifying solid fuels such as coal, in a packed bed by a treatment with a gasifying agent such as free oxygen-containing gas and water vapor under pressure, comprising a water-cooled reactor housing provided in its lower portion with gasifying agent inlet openings, a fuel distributor mounted on a vertical axis, a stirrer on a shaft disposed in the fuel bed in the upper portion of the reactor, and independent first and second drive means for independently rotating the fuel distributor and stirrer. Advantageously the distributor includes a hollow bearing shaft coaxial with the shaft of the stirrer and the stirrer shaft also has a bearing, a common bearing support cooperating with both of the bearings.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在固体燃料例如煤中气化固体燃料的装置，在填充床中通过用气态化合物如游离含氧气体和水蒸气在压力下进行处理，包括在其下部设置有气化剂入口的水冷式反应器壳体 开口，安装在垂直轴上的燃料分配器，设置在反应器上部的燃料床中的轴上的搅拌器，以及用于独立地旋转燃料分配器和搅拌器的独立的第一和第二驱动装置。 有利地，分配器包括与搅拌器的轴同轴的中空轴承轴，并且搅拌器轴还具有轴承，与两个轴承配合的公共轴承支撑件。

公开(公告)号：US4087258A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-02

申请号：US776069

申请日：1977-03-09

申请人： Gerhard Baron ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Carl Hafke

发明人： Gerhard Baron ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Carl Hafke

IPC分类号： B01D47/06 ,  B01D50/00 ,  C10K1/06 ,  B01D53/34

CPC分类号： B01D50/00 ,  B01D47/06 ,  C10K1/06

摘要： A process is disclosed for purifying raw gas produced by the gasification of solid fuels under superatmospheric pressure by treatment with gasifying agents containing water vapor and free oxygen. The raw gas contains dust and hydrocarbons and is at a temperature of 400.degree.-700.degree. C as it leaves the gas producer. The raw gas is purified by spraying in at least two scrubbing stages with virtually dustfree, highly dispersed scrubbing water at temperatures of 160.degree.-300.degree. C. In this manner, the gas is cooled to a temperature that is 0.degree.-20 C above the scrubbing water temperature and is saturated with water vapor in the scrubbing stages. Thereafter, the gas is subjected to centrifugal force to increase the relative velocity between gas and water droplets. The scrubbing water which contains dust and tar is withdrawn from each scrubbing stage. For the first scrubbing stage a cyclone-type scrubber can be used and for the second scrubbing stage a radial flow-type scrubber or a Venturi-type scrubber can be used.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过用含有水蒸气和游离氧的气化剂处理来净化在超大气压下通过固体燃料气化生产的原料气的方法。 原料气体含有灰尘和碳氢化合物，并在离开燃气生产者时处于400〜700℃的温度。 原料气体在至少两个洗涤阶段通过喷雾纯化，实际上无灰尘，高度分散的洗涤水在160-300℃的温度下。以这种方式，将气体冷却至0℃-20℃以上的温度 洗涤水温度，并在洗涤阶段用水蒸汽饱和。 此后，气体经受离心力以增加气体和水滴之间的相对速度。 从每个洗涤阶段抽出含有灰尘和焦油的洗涤水。 对于第一洗涤阶段，可以使用旋风式洗涤器，并且对于第二洗涤阶段，可以使用径向流式洗涤器或文丘里型洗涤器。

公开(公告)号：US4056483A

公开(公告)日：1977-11-01

申请号：US704258

申请日：1976-07-12

申请人： Gerhard Baron ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Carl Hafke ,  Gunter Pockrandt

发明人： Gerhard Baron ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Carl Hafke ,  Gunter Pockrandt

IPC分类号： C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C01B2/02 ,  C10J3/00

CPC分类号： C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0996

摘要： In the production of a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, by a process comprising gasifying a solid fuel under a pressure of about 5-150 bars by a treatment with oxygen and water vapor to produce a water vapor-containing raw gas at a temperature of about 350.degree.-700.degree. C, the improvement which comprises further reacting the water vapor-containing raw gas under a pressure of about 5-150 bars with oxygen in a succeeding reactor to produce an intermediate product gas which leaves the reactor at a temperature between about 800.degree. C and 1400.degree. C, cooling the intermediate product gas, and freeing the intermediate product gas from sulfur compounds. A dust fuel and/or liquid hydrocarbon can be added to the raw gas as such or after prereaction with oxygen, the addition advantageously taking place in the succeeding reactor. The reactor may contain a granular bed of a catalyst such as nickel, cobalt or chromium oxide and/or sulfide, and/or a contact material or catalyst support such as an oxide, spinel or silicate of aluminum and/or magnesium. The bed can be fluidized or otherwise mechanically moved. The resulting gas is suited for use as a starting material in a methanol, ammonia, oxo or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

公开(公告)号：US4033730A

公开(公告)日：1977-07-05

申请号：US693043

申请日：1976-06-04

申请人： Gerhard Baron ,  Carl Hafke ,  Dietrich Engler ,  Rainer Reimert ,  Eberhard Blaum

发明人： Gerhard Baron ,  Carl Hafke ,  Dietrich Engler ,  Rainer Reimert ,  Eberhard Blaum

IPC分类号： B01J3/02 ,  C10J3/30

CPC分类号： C10J3/30 ,  B01J3/02 ,  C10J3/50 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2200/09 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  Y10S48/04

摘要： Particulate solids are fed into a pressure reactor operated under a pressure of 5-150 bars by means of a guide cylinder which is secured to the reactor and surrounds the reactor inlet. The guide cylinder is adapted to be closed and a stationary feed conduit is directed towards the guide cylinder. A cylinder container, which is gastightly guided in the guide cylinder and has a bottom which is adapted to be closed, is moved up and down in the guide cylinder and when the bottom of the cylinder is open and the reactor inlet is closed the material flows out of the container into the guide cylinder whereas the bottom of the container is closed and the same is moved toward the open reactor inlet to displace gases into the reactor. The device for carrying out the process includes a guide cylinder secured to the reactor and surrounding the reactor inlet. The guide cylinder is adapted to be closed. A stationary feed conduit is directed towards the guide cylinder and a container is gastightly guided in the guide cylinder and is movable up and down therein and has a bottom that is adapted to be closed.

摘要翻译： 将颗粒状固体进料到压力反应器中，该压力反应器通过导向圆柱体在5-150巴的压力下操作，所述导向圆筒固定到反应器并且围绕反应器入口。 引导筒适于闭合，并且固定进料导管指向导向筒。 气缸容器在导向气缸中气密地引导并且具有适于封闭的底部，在导向气缸中上下移动，当气缸的底部打开并且反应器入口关闭时，材料流动 从容器中排出到导向筒中，而容器的底部是封闭的，并且将其移动到开放的反应器入口以将气体置入反应器中。 用于执行该方法的装置包括固定到反应器并围绕反应器入口的导向圆筒。 引导筒适合关闭。 固定进料导管指向导向筒，并且容器在引导筒中被气密地引导并且可上下移动并具有适于关闭的底部。

公开(公告)号：US4211539A

公开(公告)日：1980-07-08

申请号：US923508

申请日：1978-07-10

申请人： Herbert Bierbach ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

发明人： Herbert Bierbach ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

IPC分类号： C10J3/84 ,  C10K1/18 ,  C10J3/16

CPC分类号： C10K1/18 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1671 ,  C10J2300/1675 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

摘要： A process of producing a gas of high calorific value and low dust content comprising contacting coal with water vapor and free oxygen at a pressure of about 5 to 150 bars and a temperature sufficient to produce a gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, containing at least about 10 grams of dust per standard cubic meter and having a temperature of about 350.degree. to 800.degree. C., subjecting the gas to a coarse purification to reduce the solids content thereof, then scrubbing the gas at about 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. with a liquid predominantly comprising hydrocarbons and including less than about 5% of water by weight, and withdrawing a purified gas substantially free of solids and having an enhanced calorific value. In accordance with preferred features, the coarse purification stage includes at least one cyclone separator, the gas leaves the coarse purification stage at a temperature above about 350.degree. C. and is cooled by spraying with water to below 350.degree. C. before entering the intense scrubbing stage.

摘要翻译： 一种产生高热值和低灰尘含量的气体的方法，包括使煤与水蒸气和游离氧在约5至150巴的压力下接触，并且具有足以产生含有氢和一氧化碳的气体的温度，其含有至少约 每标准立方米10克灰尘，温度约350-800℃，对气体进行粗提纯以降低其固体含量，然后在约200℃至300℃下用气体洗涤，用 主要包含烃并且包含小于约5重量％的水的液体，以及抽出基本上不含固体并且具有增强的热值的净化气体。 根据优选特征，粗纯化阶段包括至少一个旋风分离器，气体在高于约350℃的温度下离开粗提纯阶段，并通过在水中进行喷雾冷却至低于350℃，然后进入强烈的 擦洗阶段

公开(公告)号：US4089659A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-16

申请号：US771724

申请日：1977-02-24

申请人： Gerhard Baron ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

发明人： Gerhard Baron ,  Paul Rudolph ,  Rudolf Kohlen ,  Carl Hafke

IPC分类号： C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J1/06

CPC分类号： C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

摘要： A process for producing lean gases in which solid fuels are gasified under superatmospheric pressure by a treatment with free oxygen-containing gases, water vapor, and other gasifying agents. In the process, fuel and gasifying agent are caused to flow in opposite directions, about 1.5 to 3.5 kg of water vapor are added per standard m.sup.3 of free oxygen in the gasifying agent, about 70% of the lump coal to be gasified has a particle size from above 2 mm to about 30 mm and the remaining coal has a particle size below about 2 mm. The ballast content, consisting of water and ash, amounts to at least about 15% by weight, most of the mineral constituents have a particle size of about 2 to 30 mm and the ash which becomes available in the gasification process is withdrawn from the reactor shaft at temperatures above about 250.degree. C. Raw gas is withdrawn at temperatures above about 350.degree. C, coal is reacted in a water-cooled, double-walled reactor chamber and the resulting jacket steam is used to cool the grate and as a reactant. The rate at which steam consisting of extraneous steam and jacket steam is added to the gasifying agent is so adjusted in the above-mentioned range of about 1.5 to 3.5 kg per standard m.sup.3 of oxygen, that the nitrogen content of the dry raw product gas does not exceed about 50% by volume.

摘要翻译： 一种生产贫气的方法，其中固体燃料通过用游离的含氧气体，水蒸气和其它气化剂的处理在超大气压下气化。 在此过程中，使燃料和气化剂沿相反的方向流动，气化剂中每标准立方米游离氧含有约1.5至3.5公斤水蒸汽，约70％待气化的块煤具有颗粒 尺寸从2mm到大约30mm，剩余的煤的粒度小于约2mm。 由水和灰组成的压载物含量至少为约15重量％，矿物成分的大部分具有约2至30毫米的粒度，并且在气化过程中变得可用的灰分从反应器中排出 在高于约250℃的温度下将原料气在高于约350℃的温度下排出，煤在水冷却的双壁反应器室中反应，所得夹套蒸汽用于冷却炉排和作为反应物 。 将由外来蒸汽和夹套蒸汽组成的蒸汽加入到气化剂中的速率在上述约1.5至3.5kg /标准立方米氧气的范围内进行调节，干燥原料气体的氮含量 不超过约50％。

公开(公告)号：US4082520A

公开(公告)日：1978-04-04

申请号：US704709

申请日：1976-07-12

申请人： Gerhard Baron ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Carl Hafke ,  Gunter Pockrandt

发明人： Gerhard Baron ,  Herbert Bierbach ,  Carl Hafke ,  Gunter Pockrandt

IPC分类号： C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/16

CPC分类号： C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0996

摘要： In the production of a gas having a high calorific value and containing more than about 50% methane by volume by a process comprising gasifying a solid fuel under a pressure of about 5 - 150 bars by a treatment with oxygen and water vapor to produce a water vapor-containing raw gas at a temperature of about 350.degree.- 700.degree. C, the improvement which comprises further reacting the water vapor-containing raw gas under a pressure of about 5 - 150 bars with oxygen in a succeeding reactor to produce an intermediate product gas which contains mainly hydrogen, carbon dioxides, and methane and which leaves the reactor at a temperature between about 600.degree. and 950.degree. C, cooling the intermediate product gas and freeing the intermediate product gas from sulfur compounds. A dust fuel and/or liquid hydrocarbon can be added to the raw gas as such or after prereaction with oxygen, the addition advantageously taking place in the succeeding reactor. The reactor may contain a granular bed of a catalyst such as nickel, cobalt or chromium oxide and/or sulfide, and/or a contact material or catalyst support such as an oxide, spinel or silicate of aluminum and/or magnesium. The bed can be fluidized or otherwise mechanically moved.

公开(公告)号：US4599092A

公开(公告)日：1986-07-08

申请号：US559725

申请日：1983-12-09

申请人： Michael Eichelsbacher ,  Rudolph Kohlen ,  Rainer Reimert ,  Carl Hafke ,  Wolfgang Schafer

发明人： Michael Eichelsbacher ,  Rudolph Kohlen ,  Rainer Reimert ,  Carl Hafke ,  Wolfgang Schafer

IPC分类号： C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/30

CPC分类号： C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2200/36 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976

摘要： A process for the gasification of carbonaceous agglomerates in a reactor at a pressure of the range of 5 to 150 bar. The agglomerates are fed into said reactor from a storage zone located above the reactor and form a fixed bed in the reactor, in which they slowly descend when gasified. At least two gasification agents selected from the group consisting of oxygen, air, steam and carbon dioxide are introduced into said reactor through the bottom and rise through said fixed bed. Solid ash or liquid slag is discharged below said fixed bed and a steam-containing product gas is tapped from the reactor above said fixed bed. In order to minimize or prevent the condensation of steam on the agglomerates in the storage zone, the invention provides for a controlled atmosphere almost entirely free of oxygen and steam which is introduced into the storage zone at a pressure approximately equal to the pressure of the product gas.

摘要翻译： 在5至150巴的压力下在反应器中气化碳质团聚体的方法。 将附聚物从位于反应器上方的储存区域进料到所述反应器中，并在反应器中形成固定床，当气化时它们缓慢下降。 选自氧，空气，蒸汽和二氧化碳的至少两种气化剂通过底部引入所述反应器并且通过所述固定床上升。 固体灰或液态炉渣在所述固定床下方排出，并且含有蒸汽的产物气体从所述固定床上方的反应器中抽出。 为了最小化或防止蒸汽在储存区域中的附聚物上的冷凝，本发明提供几乎完全没有氧气和蒸汽的受控气氛，其在大约等于产品压力的压力下被引入储存区 加油站。

公开(公告)号：US4347064A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-31

申请号：US225952

申请日：1981-01-19

申请人： Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Gerhard Baron ,  Eberhard Blaum ,  Carl Hafke

发明人： Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Gerhard Baron ,  Eberhard Blaum ,  Carl Hafke

IPC分类号： C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54

CPC分类号： C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1823 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02E20/16

摘要： A process of gasifying fine-grained solid fuels for the production of a product gas that contains hydrogen, carbon oxides and methane comprises a treatment with steam, oxygen and/or carbon dioxide in two interconnected gasifying stages under a pressure in the range from 2 to 150 bars and at temperatures of 500.degree. to 1500.degree. C. In the first gasifying stage, the fuel is gasified in a circulating fluidized bed by a treatment with gasifying stage. The residual solids which become available in the first gasifying stage are fed to the second gasifying stage and are virtually completely gasified therein, except for residual ash, by a treatment with a gasifying agent which includes oxygen. At least one-half of the product gas from the second gasifying stage is fed to the first gasifying stage and used as fluidizing fluid therein.

摘要翻译： 气化精细固体燃料以生产含有氢，碳氧化物和甲烷的产物气体的方法包括在两个相互连通的气化阶段中的蒸汽，氧气和/或二氧化碳的处理，压力范围为2至 150巴，500〜1500℃的温度。在第一气化阶段，通过气化阶段的处理，在循环流化床中使燃料气化。 在第一气化阶段中可获得的残留固体通过用包括氧气的气化剂处理而被供给到第二气化阶段并且除了残余灰分之外几乎完全气化。 来自第二气化阶段的至少一半的产物气体被供给到第一气化阶段并用作其中的流化流体。