Abstract:
The disclosure introduces a new concept in machining; that of the non-captive tool. A non-captive tool is herein defined as one which may undergo bodily movement, transversely of its own axis, relative to both the tool bearing structure which supports the tool in working position and a tool support structure which supports the tool in a non-working position adjacent the bearing structure. The non-captive tool is unrestrained against the aforesaid bodily movement except during that time the tool is actually working and, while working, the restraint imposed is due to engagement with the tool driving means. Accordingly, removal of the tool driving means from engagement with the tool frees the same for bodily movement which movement may, advantageously, be integrated with the movement of the tool driving means out of engagement with the tool. The disclosure is directed to methods and apparatus for automatically interchanging a plurality of non-captive rotary tools between working and non-working positions; for effecting tool interchange concomitantly with respective engagement and disengagement of working and non-working tools with a constantly driven input; for effecting infinitely variable infeed of the working tools; for automatically positioning a workpiece in accordance with pre-programmed operating cycles controlling a tool changer; for performing machining operations with a tool having a compound rotary input; and for transmitting a programmed cycle of operation from a master machining console to a plurality of slave machining centers. The working and non-working tools in accordance with a first aspect of the invention relating to a tool changer are noncaptively supported, in a horizontal position, on Vee bearings and a tool support rack, respectively. The tools are mounted on spindles which are adapted to be supported adjacent their outer ends on the support rack and at an intermediate portion thereof on the bearings. The bearings are of the Vee type and provide non-captive support for the tool spindles supported thereon to permit both rotary and reciprocating movement of the tools. Relative vertical movement between the rack and bearings results in an interchange of tools therebetween by virtue of the tools being lifted from either the bearings or the rack, depending on the direction of vertical movement. At least one flexible driving member is constantly recirculated adjacent the bearings and is mounted for vertical movement with the tool support rack for movement into and out of driving engagement with the working tools simultaneously with the aforementioned tool interchanging operation. A linearly reciprocable cam follower is mounted adjacent each tool bearing in coaxial alignment with that end of the tool spindle remote from the working end; whereby reciprocating and/or advancing movement of the followers will be transmitted through one end thereof to the working tools. An elongated cone cam is positioned to engage the other ends of the followers and reciprocate the same upon rotation of the cone. The cone is, additionally, mounted for axial translation to provide for controlled advance of the followers and tools engaged thereby. Simultaneous rotation and translation of the cone results in a constantly advancing reciprocating path of tool movement. A work station is positioned adjacent each of the Vee bearings and includes a work clamping and indexing mechanism whose sequence of operation is integrated with, and controlled by, the operating Cycles undergone by the tool changing mechanism. A tool having a pair of telescoped spindles, each of which is adapted to receive a separate rotary input, is provided for use in certain special machining operations. A second cone cam is mounted outside the confines of the tool changing mechanism for reciprocating one or a plurality of followers comprising the input to a closed hydraulic slave system whose output is adapted to actuate additional tools.
Abstract:
The disclosure introduces a new concept in machining; that of the non-captive tool. A non-captive tool is herein defined as one which may undergo bodily movement, transversely of its own axis, relative to both the tool bearing structure which supports the tool in working position and a tool support structure which supports the tool in a non-working position adjacent the bearing structure. The non-captive tool is unrestrained against the aforesaid bodily movement except during that time the tool is actually working and, while working, the restraint imposed is due to engagement with the tool driving means. Accordingly, removal of the tool driving means from engagement with the tool frees the same for bodily movement which movement may, advantageously, be integrated with the movement of the tool driving means out of engagement with the tool.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for rigidly restraining a noncaptive tool against transverse bodily movement during that time the tool is actually working. A noncaptive tool is herein defined as one which may undergo bodily movement, transversely of its own axis, relative to both the tool bearing structure which accommodates the tool in working position and a tool support structure which supports the tool in a nonworking position adjacent the bearing structure. The noncaptive tool is unrestrained against the aforesaid bodily movement except during that time the tool is actually working and, while working, a rigid restraint is imposed in addition to a flexible restraint imposed by the tool driving means. The foregoing is accomplished by the mounting of a first open bearing structure upon a tool placement rack for movement therewith during its tool interchange cycle into and out of coacting relationship with a second, fixed open bearing structure. The two open bearing structures coact in one position of the tool placement rack to provide a composite rigid bearing structure rigidly restraining transverse bodily movement of the tool journaled therein and in all other positions of the tool placement rack are maintained out of the aforesaid coacting relationship.
Abstract:
The disclosure introduces an extension of the noncaptive tool changer principles, previously utilized primarily in connection with micromachining operations, to include larger or macro tools. The disclosure is directed to methods and apparatus for automatically interchanging a plurality of noncaptive rotary tools between working and nonworking positions; for imparting continual rotation to both the working and nonworking tools at all times that any one tool is actually working; for effecting tool interchange without disrupting the continual rotational input to any of the tools; and for infeeding and retracting a working tool, relative to its bearing support, under the respective influences of an elongated rotary cam and a wide chain link drive including dynamic biasing means.
Abstract:
The disclosure introduces a new concept in machining; that of the non-captive tool. A non-captive tool is herein defined as one which may undergo bodily movement, transversely of its own axis, relative to both the tool bearing structure which supports the tool in working position and a tool support structure which supports the tool in a non-working position adjacent the bearing structure. The non-captive tool is unrestrained against the aforesaid bodily movement except during that time the tool is actually working and, while working, the restraint imposed is due to engagement with the tool driving means. Accordingly, removal of the tool driving means from engagement with the tool frees the same for bodily movement which movement may, advantageously, be integrated with the movement of the tool driving means out of engagement with the tool. The disclosure is directed to methods and apparatus for automatically interchanging a plurality of non-captive rotary tools between working and non-working positions; for effecting tool interchange concomitantly with respective engagement and disengagement of working and non-working tools with a constantly driven input; for effecting infinitely variable infeed of the working tools; for automatically positioning a workpiece in accordance with pre-programmed operating cycles controlling a tool changer; for performing machining operations with a tool having a compound rotary input; and for transmitting a programmed cycle of operation from a master machining console to a plurality of slave machining centers. The working and non-working tools in accordance with a first aspect of the invention relating to a tool changer are noncaptively supported, in a horizontal position, on Vee bearings and a tool support rack, respectively. The tools are mounted on spindles which are adapted to be supported adjacent their outer ends on the support rack and at an intermediate portion thereof on the bearings. The bearings are of the Vee type and provide non-captive support for the tool spindles supported thereon to permit both rotary and reciprocating movement of the tools. Relative vertical movement between the rack and bearings results in an interchange of tools therebetween by virtue of the tools being lifted from either the bearings or the rack, depending on the direction of vertical movement. At least one flexible driving member is constantly recirculated adjacent the bearings and is mounted for vertical movement with the tool support rack for movement into and out of driving engagement with the working tools simultaneously with the aforementioned tool interchanging operation. A linearly reciprocable cam follower is mounted adjacent each tool bearing in coaxial alignment with that end of the tool spindle remote from the working end; whereby reciprocating and/or advancing movement of the followers will be transmitted through one end thereof to the working tools. An elongated cone cam is positioned to engage the other ends of the followers and reciprocate the same upon rotation of the cone. The cone is, additionally, mounted for axial translation to provide for controlled advance of the followers and tools engaged thereby. Simultaneous rotation and translation of the cone results in a constantly advancing reciprocating path of tool movement. A work station is positioned adjacent each of the Vee bearings and includes a work clamping and indexing mechanism whose sequence of operation is integrated with, and controlled by, the operating cycles undergone by the tool chaNging mechanism. A tool having a pair of telescoped spindles, each of which is adapted to receive a separate rotary input, is provided for use in certain special machining operations. A second cone cam is mounted outside the confines of the tool changing mechanism for reciprocating one or a plurality of followers comprising the input to a closed hydraulic slave system whose output is adapted to actuate additional tools.