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公开(公告)号：US4814084A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-21
申请号：US239349
申请日：1988-09-01
CPC分类号： B01D71/10 , C08L1/02 , Y10S264/48 , Y10S264/62
摘要： There is provided a method of manufacturing cellulose membranes with pore radii less than 30.times.10.sup.-10 m, suitable for reverse osmosis applications. The method comprises dissolving a cellulosic material in a DMSO/PF solvent at a temperature about 125.degree. C. for about 90 min., cooling and casting the solution at room temperature, evaporating the solvent at a temperature of 140.degree.-180.degree. C. and gelling the resulting membrane in a protic solvent, e.g. ethanol or water.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种制造孔径小于30×10 -10 m的纤维素膜的方法，适用于反渗透应用。 该方法包括在约125℃的温度下将纤维素材料溶解在DMSO / PF溶剂中约90分钟，在室温下冷却并浇注该溶液，在140-180℃的温度下蒸发溶剂。 并将所得膜凝胶化在质子溶剂中，例如 乙醇或水。
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2.发明授权Method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate membrane and the membrane so produced 失效制造醋酸纤维素膜的方法和如此制造的膜
公开(公告)号：US4744807A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-17
申请号：US887728
申请日：1986-07-21
CPC分类号： B01D67/0095 , B01D67/0009 , B01D69/02 , B01D71/16 , B01D2323/08 , B01D2323/12 , B01D2325/022
摘要： A cellulose acetate membrane is provided, capable of separating gaseous hydrogen from a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon, by casting a 0.02 to 0.05 cm cellulose acetate film into an atmosphere at 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. and a relative humidity of 30 to 70%, from a casting solution at 0.degree. to 20.degree. C. and comprising 10 to 20 wt % cellulose acetate, 60 to 80 wt % acetone, 0.5 to 0.2 wt % magnesium perchlorate, balance water, then evaporating the solvent to form a membrane from the film, then gelling the membrane in ice cold water, then shrinking the membrane at 60.degree. to 90.degree. C. to produce a water wet membrane having an average pore radius less than 7 .ANG., then replacing the water in the membrane sequentially at the laboratory temperature (about 20.degree. to 25.degree. C.) first with aqueous alcohol (isopropyl plus water) and secondly with nonaqueous alcohol (isopropyl), then replacing the alcohol in the membrane with a nonaqueous, readily volatile organic solvent (hexane), and finally evaporating the nonaqueous solvent at laboratory temperature (about 20.degree. to 25.degree. C.) to produce a membrane having a pore radius in the range 1.5 to 5.0 .ANG. and a standard deviation in the range 0.5 to 5.5 .ANG., according to the definition of Gaussian normal distribution.
摘要翻译： 提供一种乙酸纤维素膜，其能够通过将0.02至0.05厘米的乙酸纤维素膜在20-40℃的气氛和相对湿度为30至70℃的气氛中分离出氢气和烃的气体混合物中的气态氢 ％，从0℃至20℃的浇铸溶液中，包含10至20重量％的乙酸纤维素，60至80重量％的丙酮，0.5至0.2重量％的高氯酸镁，余量的水，然后蒸发溶剂以形成膜 然后将膜从冰冷的水中凝胶化，然后在60℃至90℃下收缩膜，得到平均孔半径小于7安培的水湿膜，然后按顺序替换膜中的水 实验室温度（约20℃〜25℃）先用含水醇（异丙基加水），其次用非水醇（异丙基），然后用非水易挥发性有机溶剂（己烷）代替膜中的醇， 和 最后在实验室温度（约20°至25℃）下蒸发非水溶剂，以产生孔径在1.5至5.0安培范围内的膜，标准偏差范围为0.5至5.5安培，根据 高斯正态分布。
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公开(公告)号：US4322448A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-30
申请号：US114700
申请日：1980-01-23
CPC分类号： A23L2/085
摘要： A reverse osmosis method of concentrating fruit juices wherein a major portion of the fruit juice sugars are removed in a reverse osmosis first stage from the fruit juice at about room temperature and a pressure in the range 500 to 1500 psi, using porous cellulose acetate membrane material, while flavor compounds are removed in a reverse osmosis second stage from the separated water in liquid form therefrom at a temperature in the range 0.degree. C. to about room temperature and a pressure substantially in the range 50 to 1000 psi using asymmetric, porous, polymeric membrane material which is non-polar relative to the membrane material of the first stage as determined by .delta..sub.d of the solubility parameter of the membrane materials. The membrane material of the second stage is preferably at least as polar as the membrane material of the first stage and is preferably of a material selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, aromatic polyamide, aromatic polyhydrazide and aromatic polyamide-polyhydrazide copolymer. Preferably the fruit juice fed to the first stage is at a temperature in the range 15.degree. to 30.degree. C. and the separated water fed to the second stage is at a temperature in the range 5.degree. to 10.degree. C.
摘要翻译： 浓缩果汁的反渗透方法，其中大部分果汁糖在第一阶段的反渗透中从大约室温和500至1500psi范围内的压力下从果汁中去除，使用多孔醋酸纤维素膜材料 而在反渗透第二阶段中的风味化合物在液体形式的分离水中在0℃至约室温的温度和基本上在50至1000psi范围内的压力下从不渗透的，多孔的， 聚合物膜材料，其相对于第一阶段的膜材料是非极性的，由膜材料的溶解度参数的δd确定。 第二级的膜材料优选至少与第一级的膜材料一样极性，并且优选为选自以下的材料：乙酸丙酸纤维素，乙酸丁酸纤维素，乙基纤维素，芳族聚酰胺，芳族聚酰肼和 芳族聚酰胺 - 聚酰肼共聚物。 优选地，进料到第一阶段的果汁处于15℃至30℃的温度，并且进入第二阶段的分离的水的温度为5℃至10℃。
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公开(公告)号：US5910366A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-08
申请号：US41037
申请日：1998-03-12
CPC分类号： H01M2/1653 , H01M10/24 , H01M2/145 , H01M2/1686 , H01M4/244 , H01M4/50 , H01M2/1673 , Y10T428/294 , Y10T428/31504 , Y10T428/31971
摘要： The present invention relates to film composite membranes for use as battery separators or coatings on electrodes.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用作电极隔膜或电极上的涂层的膜复合膜。
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公开(公告)号：US4451424A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-29
申请号：US417494
申请日：1982-09-10
CPC分类号： B01D71/68 , B01D67/0016 , Y10S525/906
摘要： Polysulfone cast films, including polyethersulfone cast films, are partially gelled with mineral acid prior to or during the conventional water gelation to control the porosity of and improve the productivity of reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration membranes thus produced. The partial gelation may be carried out prior to the water gelation by contacting the cast film with the mineral acid in a gaseous or aqueous form and the gaseous form may be diluted with air. The partial gelation may, in different embodiments, be carried out simultaneously with the conventional gelation by dissolving the mineral acid in the gelation liquid.
摘要翻译： 包括聚醚砜流延膜在内的聚砜流延薄膜在常规水凝胶化之前或期间部分地用无机酸凝胶化，以控制如此生产的反渗透和超滤膜的孔隙率和提高生产率。 部分凝胶化可以在水凝胶化之前通过使流延膜与无机酸以气态或水性形式接触进行，并且气体形式可以用空气稀释。 在不同的实施方案中，部分凝胶化可以通过将无机酸溶解在凝胶化液体中与常规的凝胶化同时进行。
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公开(公告)号：US5798180A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-25
申请号：US754741
申请日：1996-11-21
CPC分类号： H01M2/1653 , H01M10/24 , H01M2/145 , H01M2/1686 , H01M4/244 , H01M4/50 , H01M2/1673 , Y10T428/294 , Y10T428/31504 , Y10T428/31971
摘要： The present invention relates to film composite membranes for use as battery separators or coatings on electrodes.
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公开(公告)号：US4496502A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-29
申请号：US465548
申请日：1983-02-10
CPC分类号： B01D69/06
摘要： A gelation shrinkable, polymer casting solution, that has been cast on the internal surface of a tubular support is gelled using pressure gelation by supporting the tubular support with one end higher than the other and pumping gelation liquid upwardly along the tube at a velocity in the range of the order of 10 to 100 cm/second and at a pressure of at least 10 kPa gauge at all points of contact between the gelation liquid and polymer casting solution. This achieves asymmetricity of the pore structure and ensures that the cast polymer solution is continuously in contact with the tubular support as a gelled membrane. If the tubular support is a porous, tubular support, then preferably the pressure gelation is continued until gelation liquid has passed through the cast polymer solution and the porous support removing solvent and any additives from the cast polymer solution.
摘要翻译： 已经浇注在管状支撑体的内表面上的凝胶化可收缩的聚合物浇铸溶液通过使用压力凝胶化而凝胶化，其中一端高于另一端并且以一定的速度向上泵送凝胶化液体， 范围为10至100厘米/秒，并且在凝胶液和聚合物浇铸溶液之间的所有接触点处为至少10千帕量表的压力。 这实现了孔结构的不对称性，并确保浇注聚合物溶液作为凝胶膜与管状载体连续接触。 如果管状载体是多孔的管状载体，则优选继续加压凝胶，直到凝胶化液体已经通过流延聚合物溶液和多孔载体去除溶剂以及来自流延聚合物溶液的任何添加剂。
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8.发明授权Apparatus for casting tubular, polymeric membranes for reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration 失效用于铸造用于反渗透和超滤的管状聚合物膜的装置
公开(公告)号：US4177031A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-04
申请号：US883267
申请日：1978-03-03
CPC分类号： B01D69/04 , B29C47/0023 , B29C47/0026 , B29C47/8895
摘要： An apparatus for casting tubular polymeric membranes for reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration which includes a plurality of upwardly extending casting tubes, a manifold with branch outlets for mounting the casting tubes to extend upwardly therefrom, a casting bob assembly comprising a centering sleeve with a screw threaded bore and cylindrical extension, a casting bob screwed into the centering sleeve and having casting solution outlet ports to an annular gap between the casting bob and the casting sleeve, the annular gap being adjustable by screwing the casting bob into and out of the centering sleeve, and a transport sleeve which is pressed on to the casting bob and the cylindrical extension of the centering sleeve for transporting the assembly from one casting tube to another between casting operations and a flexible sleeve and a hose clamp for releasably securing the transport sleeve in a lower end of each casting and sealing the lower ends of each casting tube to a branch outlet.
摘要翻译： 一种用于铸造用于反渗透和超滤的管状聚合物膜的装置，其包括多个向上延伸的铸造管，具有用于安装铸造管以从其向上延伸的分支出口的歧管，包括具有螺纹孔的定心套筒 和圆柱形延伸部，铸造螺母拧入到定心套筒中并且具有铸造溶液出口到铸造锤和铸造套筒之间的环形间隙，该环形间隙可通过将铸造锤进入和离开定心套筒来调节，以及 传送套筒，其被压在铸锭上和定心套筒的圆柱形延伸部上，用于将组件从铸造操作和柔性套筒之间的一个铸管传送到另一铸造管，以及用于将传送套筒可释放地固定在下端 并将每个铸造管的下端密封到分支出口。
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公开(公告)号：US4062782A
公开(公告)日：1977-12-13
申请号：US637419
申请日：1975-12-03
申请人： Branko Kunst , Srinivasa Sourirajan
发明人： Branko Kunst , Srinivasa Sourirajan
IPC分类号： B01D31/00
CPC分类号： B01D71/16 , B01D67/0016 , B01D67/003 , B01D71/22 , B01D2323/18 , B01D61/025
摘要： The present invention relates to the production of a novel membrane having a larger number of small sized pores therein such that the product rate in a reverse osmosis separation using said membrane is substantially increased for a particular separation factor. The invention is predicated upon the concept that the performance of a membrane in reverse osmosis separation is primarily dependent upon two interrelated factors, namely the structure of the polymer solution from which the film is cast and the evaporation rate during the period of evaporation of the organic solvent from the cast film. The present invention thus provides processes in which the solvent structure of the solution and the evaporation rate of the solution from the cast film is adjusted towards an optimum for producing a large number of small pores in the surface layer of the membrane to increase substantially the product rate at a given separation factor.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及生产具有更多数量的小孔的新型膜，使得使用所述膜的反渗透分离中的产物速率对于特定的分离因子而言显着增加。 本发明基于以下概念：膜在反渗透分离中的性能主要取决于两个相关因素，即膜的浇铸聚合物溶液的结构和蒸发有机物期间的蒸发速率 溶剂从流延薄膜。 因此，本发明提供了将溶液的溶剂结构和来自流延膜的溶液的蒸发速率调节到适于在膜的表面层中产生大量小孔的最佳方法以大大增加产物的方法 速率在给定的分离因子。
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公开(公告)号：US4461707A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-24
申请号：US316963
申请日：1981-10-30
CPC分类号： B01D63/063
摘要： An ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis module comprising a tubular casing having a plurality of tubular membrane assemblies spaced therein by spacing plates, in stepped end portions of the casing bore, and held therein by sealing plates clamped to flanges on the ends of the casing. The tubular membrane assemblies are sealed around bores in the spacing plates and boxes in the sealing plates by "O"-rings and are held against collapse by sleeves in the ends of the tubular membrane assemblies.
摘要翻译： 一种超滤和反渗透模块，其包括管状壳体，其具有多个管状膜组件，所述多个管状膜组件通过间隔板在所述壳体孔的阶梯端部分中间隔开，并且通过夹持在所述壳体的端部上的凸缘的密封板保持在其中。 管状膜组件通过“O”形密封在密封板中的间隔板和箱体中的孔周围，并通过管状膜组件的端部中的套筒保持抵抗塌陷。
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