摘要:
A semiconductor laser device emitting a laser beam having stable emitting wavelength and a multimode spectrum is provided. The semiconductor laser device is a Fabry-Perot type semiconductor laser device having a layer structure including an active layer of a quantum well structure, and emitting a laser beam having wavelength stabilized by an action of return light and having a multimode spectrum, wherein each well layer satisfies relation: Γ/d≦1.3×10−3 nm−1 where Γ and d(nm) are an optical confinement factor and a thickness of a well layer, respectively.
摘要:
On a substrate of n-type GaAs are sequentially formed an n-type cladding layer (AlGaAs, Al content x=0.07, thickness t=2.86 &mgr;m), an n-type optical waveguide layer (GaAs, t=0.49 &mgr;m), an n-type carrier blocking layer (AlGaAs, x=0.40, t=0.03 &mgr;m), an active layer (composed of an In0.18Ga0.82As quantum well layer and a GaAs barrier layer), a p-type carrier blocking layer (AlGaAs, x=0.40, t=0.03 &mgr;m), a p-type optical waveguide layer (GaAs, t=0.49 &mgr;m), a p-type cladding layer (AlGaAs, x=0.20, t=1.08 &mgr;m), and a p-type cap layer (GaAs) in which a pair of n-type current blocking layers (GaAs) are buried. With this construction, the occurrence of a wavelength spit due to a higher-order mode can be inhibited thereby stabilizing a higher power operation.
摘要:
A semiconductor device including a buffer layer 32 on n-GaAs, a clad layer 31, a wave guide layer 30 and a carrier block layer 29 of n-AlGaAs, a side barrier layer 28 of non-doped AlGaAs, an active layer 27 which is formed by two non-doped GaAs quantum well layers and a barrier layer of AlGaAs, a side barrier layer 26 of non-doped AlGaAs, a carrier block layer 25, a wave guide layer 23 and a clad layer 22 of p-AlGaAs, and a cap layer 21 of p-GaAs are grown in this order. Inside the wave guide layer 23, current blocking layers 24 having a lower refractive index and higher Al-composition than that of the wave guide layer and sandwich a strip-shaped active region 34. This creates a refractive index difference between the active region 34 and buried regions 33 in which each of the current blocking layers 24 exists, thereby forming a refractive index guide structure. Thus, it is possible to obtain a high-output semiconductor laser device of the refractive index guided type which is easy to manufacture.
摘要:
A semiconductor laser device includes: an active layer; upper waveguide layers and a lower waveguide layer sandwiching the active layer therebetween; upper and lower cladding layers sandwiching the active layer and the upper and lower waveguide layers therebetween; and a current-narrowing layer defining a current-injection region for injecting current to the active layer, wherein a diffraction grating having a periodical structure in a resonance cavity direction is buried in any one of the waveguide layers, the diffraction grating being present in at least a part of the current-injection region; and the waveguide layer in which the diffraction grating is buried and the cladding layer adjoining to that waveguide layer forms an interface which is substantially flat in the resonance cavity direction. With the constitution, a waveguide structure which has a diffraction grating offering a higher flexibility in design and manufacture in terms of the coupling efficiency is realized, thereby easily providing a dynamic single-mode semiconductor laser device with higher reproducibility, yield and reliability.
摘要:
On an n-GaAs substrate are sequentially formed an n-GaAs buffer layer, an n-AlGaAs cladding layer, a non-doped InGaAs active layer, a p-AlxGa1−xAs cladding layer, a p-GaAs contact layer, and further an n-AlGaAs current blocking layer having a stripe-like window is embedded in the cladding layer. At the active layer side interface of the current blocking layer, a diffraction grating of cyclic bumps and dips shape is formed, but the diffraction grating is not formed in a region of the stripe-like window where the current blocking layer is not present, i.e., a current injection region. In this way, a semiconductor laser device of low oscillation threshold, high oscillation efficiency, high reliability, long life time, and stabilized oscillation wavelength can be realized.
摘要翻译:在n-GaAs衬底上依次形成n-GaAs缓冲层,n-AlGaAs覆层,非掺杂InGaAs有源层,p-Al x Ga 1-x As包层,p-GaAs接触层, 具有条状窗口的n-AlGaAs电流阻挡层嵌入包层中。 在电流阻挡层的有源层侧界面,形成了循环凸起和凹陷形状的衍射光栅,但是衍射光栅不形成在不存在电流阻挡层的条状窗口的区域中,即 ,电流注入区域。 以这种方式,可以实现低振荡阈值,高振荡效率,高可靠性,长寿命和稳定的振荡波长的半导体激光器件。
摘要:
[Problem] To provide a membrane treatment method and a membrane treatment apparatus for ballast water using a membrane module, which are capable of inhibiting the formation of scale on the membrane surface to reduce fouling, using a simple installation.[Means for Solving the Problem] The membrane treatment method and the membrane treatment apparatus for ballast water using a membrane module according to the invention, having a membrane treatment tank 2 and a membrane module 1 provided in the tank for continuously performing filtration while ballast water is being passed thereto as raw water; wherein a positive electrode and a negative electrode are provided in the membrane treatment tank 2 so as to come into contact with raw water in the tank, and a current passing means is provided in the tank for applying a voltage between the electrodes.
摘要:
A transparent and conductive laminate that is substantially decreased in reactive defects, and a display filter, a heat-ray reflecting film and an electromagnetic wave-shielding film comprising the laminate are provided. The laminate includes a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive thin-film layer containing silver, and a protective layer containing a binder material and inorganic fine particles, wherein the transparent conductive thin-film layer is in contact with the protective layer. The generation of reflective defects can be outstandingly reduced. Therefore, a laminate superior in electromagnetic wave-shielding ability, heat-ray reflecting ability and visibility for a long period of time and products comprising the laminate can be obtained.
摘要:
An electronic apparatus includes a phone CPU and a game CPU. When a * key is operated during execution of a game, the phone CPU sets a specified bit of a game key register to “1”. The phone CPU is set “1” into the specified bit when there is an incoming call of a phone during the execution of the game. The game CPU pauses the game being in execution when the specified bit is renewed to “1” and restores the specified bit from “1” to “0”. When the * key is operated in a state the game is interrupted, the phone CPU sets “1” into the specified bit. The game CPU restarts the game by canceling the pause.
摘要:
A control valve is disclosed in which a direct-moved shaft having one end abutted against a diaphragm is direct moved according to deformation of the diaphragm so that a valve element mounted on the other end of the direct-moved shaft is adhered to and separated from an opening edge of a passage, thereby controlling a flow rate of a fluid passing through the passage. The control valve includes a first body enclosing the direct-moved shaft, a second body enclosing the diaphragm, a compressive elastic member deformed when the second body is pressed against the first body, and a holder for holding the second body on the first body while the compressive elastic member is deformed by compression.
摘要:
An information processing device such as a game machine is selectively connectable to different peripheral devices such as memory devices. These peripheral devices may be provided with characteristics for distinguishing one from another. The information processing device carries out operations based on the peripheral device connected thereto.