公开(公告)号：US07336198B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-26

申请号：US11203559

申请日：2005-08-12

申请人： William D. Daily

发明人： William D. Daily

IPC分类号： H04B13/02

CPC分类号： H04B5/06

摘要： A system for providing communication of information by modulating a magnetostatic field with a magnetostatic transmitter that modulates said magnetostatic field to contain the information and detecting the information in the modulated field at a distance with a magnetostatic detector that detects the modulated magnetic field containing the information.

摘要翻译： 一种用于通过用静磁发射器调制静磁场来提供信息通信的系统，所述静磁发射机调制所述静磁场以包含所述信息，并且利用检测包含所述信息的调制磁场的静磁检测器检测所述调制场中的信息。

公开(公告)号：US5907662A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-25

申请号：US794219

申请日：1997-01-30

申请人： Harley M. Buettner ,  William D. Daily ,  Roger D. Aines ,  Robin L. Newmark ,  Abelardo L. Ramirez ,  William H. Siegel

发明人： Harley M. Buettner ,  William D. Daily ,  Roger D. Aines ,  Robin L. Newmark ,  Abelardo L. Ramirez ,  William H. Siegel

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B7/15

CPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/2401

摘要： An electrode well for use in powerline-frequency heating of soils for decontamination of the soil. Heating of soils enables the removal of volatile organic compounds from soil when utilized in combination with vacuum extraction. A preferred embodiment of the electrode well utilizes a mild steel pipe as the current-carrying conductor to at least one stainless steel electrode surrounded by a conductive backfill material, preferably graphite or steel shot. A covering is also provided for electrically insulating the current-carrying pipe. One of the electrode wells is utilized with an extraction well which is under subatmospheric pressure to withdraw the volatile material, such as gasoline and trichioroethylene (TCE) as it is heated.

摘要翻译： 用于土壤电力线频加热的电极井，用于对土壤进行净化。 当与真空抽提结合使用时，土壤的加热能够从土壤中除去挥发性有机化合物。 电极的优选实施例利用低碳钢管作为载流导体，由至少一个由导电性回填材料包围的不锈钢电极，优选为石墨或钢丸。 还提供了用于电绝缘载流管的覆盖物。 其中一个电极井与提取井一起使用，该提取井处于低于大气压的压力下，以抽出挥发性物质，如加热时的汽油和三氯乙烯（TCE）。

公开(公告)号：US5325918A

公开(公告)日：1994-07-05

申请号：US100800

申请日：1993-08-02

申请人： James G. Berryman ,  William D. Daily

发明人： James G. Berryman ,  William D. Daily

IPC分类号： B09C1/06 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B49/00 ,  G01V3/04 ,  E21B43/22

CPC分类号： G01V3/04 ,  B09C1/062 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/2401 ,  E21B49/00 ,  B09C2101/00

摘要： A method for simultaneously heating the subsurface and imaging the effects of the heating. This method combines the use of tomographic imaging (electrical resistance tomography or ERT) to image electrical resistivity distribution underground, with joule heating by electrical currents injected in the ground. A potential distribution is established on a series of buried electrodes resulting in energy deposition underground which is a function of the resistivity and injection current density. Measurement of the voltages and currents also permits a tomographic reconstruction of the resistivity distribution. Using this tomographic information, the current injection pattern on the driving electrodes can be adjusted to change the current density distribution and thus optimize the heating. As the heating changes conditions, the applied current pattern can be repeatedly adjusted (based on updated resistivity tomographs) to affect real time control of the heating.

摘要翻译： 一种同时加热地下和成像加热效果的方法。 该方法结合了使用层析成像（电阻断层扫描或ERT）对地下图像电阻率分布，并通过注入地面的电流进行焦耳加热。 在一系列埋地电极上建立电位分布，导致地下能量沉积，这是电阻率和注入电流密度的函数。 电压和电流的测量也允许电阻率分布的断层重建。 使用该断层图像信息，可以调节驱动电极上的当前注入图案以改变电流密度分布，从而优化加热。 随着加热变化的条件，施加的电流模式可以重复调整（基于更新的电阻率断层扫描），以影响加热的实时控制。

公开(公告)号：US6088655A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-11

申请号：US943094

申请日：1997-09-26

申请人： William D. Daily ,  Clifford Schenkel ,  Abelardo L. Ramirez

发明人： William D. Daily ,  Clifford Schenkel ,  Abelardo L. Ramirez

IPC分类号： G01V3/24 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01V3/24

摘要： Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) produced from measurements taken inside a steel cased borehole. A tomographic inversion of electrical resistance measurements made within a steel casing was then made for the purpose of imaging the electrical resistivity distribution in the formation remotely from the borehole. The ERT method involves combining electrical resistance measurements made inside a steel casing of a borehole to determine the electrical resistivity in the formation adjacent to the borehole; and the inversion of electrical resistance measurements made from a borehole not cased with an electrically conducting casing to determine the electrical resistivity distribution remotely from a borehole. It has been demonstrated that by using these combined techniques, highly accurate current injection and voltage measurements, made at appropriate points within the casing, can be tomographically inverted to yield useful information outside the borehole casing.

摘要翻译： 电阻层析成像（ERT）由钢套筒内测量产生。 然后，在钢壳内进行电阻测量的断层反演，以便远程地从井眼成像地层中的电阻率分布。 ERT方法包括组合在钻孔的钢壳内进行的电阻测量，以确定邻近钻孔的地层中的电阻率; 以及由没有用导电外壳套管的井眼进行的电阻测量的反转，以确定远离钻孔的电阻率分布。 已经证明，通过使用这些组合技术，在壳体内的适当点处制造的高精度电流注入和电压测量可以被层析倒置以产生井眼外壳之外的有用信息。

公开(公告)号：US5661406A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-26

申请号：US534620

申请日：1995-09-27

申请人： William D. Daily ,  Daren L. Laine ,  Edwin F. Laine

发明人： William D. Daily ,  Daren L. Laine ,  Edwin F. Laine

IPC分类号： G01M3/16 ,  G01M3/40 ,  G01N27/20 ,  G01R27/08 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G08B21/00

CPC分类号： G01M3/16 ,  G01M3/40 ,  G01N27/20 ,  G01N27/205

摘要： Methods are provided for detecting and locating leaks in liners used as barriers in the construction of landfills, surface impoundments, water reservoirs, tanks, and the like. Electrodes are placed in the ground around the periphery of the facility, in the leak detection zone located between two liners if present, and/or within the containment facility. Electrical resistivity data is collected using these electrodes. This data is used to map the electrical resistivity distribution beneath the containment liner between two liners in a double-lined facility. In an alternative embodiment, an electrode placed within the lined facility is driven to an electrical potential with respect to another electrode placed at a distance from the lined facility (mise-a-la-masse). Voltage differences are then measured between various combinations of additional electrodes placed in the soil on the periphery of the facility, the leak detection zone, or within the facility. A leak of liquid though the liner material will result in an electrical potential distribution that can be measured at the electrodes. The leak position is located by determining the coordinates of an electrical current source pole that best fits the measured potentials with the constraints of the known or assumed resistivity distribution.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于检测和定位用作在堆填区，地面蓄水池，水库，储罐等的建造中用作障碍物的衬里中的泄漏的方法。 电极被放置在设备周围的地面中，位于位于两个衬垫之间的泄漏检测区域（如果存在）和/或在容纳设备内。 使用这些电极收集电阻率数据。 该数据用于映射双衬里设备中两个衬垫之间的安全套管下面的电阻率分布。 在替代实施例中，放置在内衬设备内的电极相对于与衬里设备（mise-a-la-masse）一定距离放置的另一电极被驱动到电位。 然后在设施周边，泄漏检测区域或设施内的土壤中放置的附加电极的各种组合之间测量电压差。 通过衬垫材料的液体泄漏将导致可以在电极处测量的电势分布。 通过利用已知或假定的电阻率分布的约束确定最适合测量电位的电流源极的坐标来定位泄漏位置。

公开(公告)号：US5495175A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-27

申请号：US129733

申请日：1993-09-14

申请人： Abelardo L. Ramirez ,  John F. Cooper ,  William D. Daily

发明人： Abelardo L. Ramirez ,  John F. Cooper ,  William D. Daily

IPC分类号： G01V3/20 ,  G01V3/02 ,  G01V3/00 ,  G01V3/04

CPC分类号： G01V3/20

摘要： This invention relates generally to the remote detections of subsurface liquid contaminants using in combination a geophysical technique known as ERT and an EKS. Electrokinetic transport is used to enhance the ability of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) to detect position and movement of subsurface contaminant liquids, particles or ions. ERT images alone are difficult to interpret because of natural inhomogeneities in soil composition and electrical properties. By subtracting two or more ERT images obtained before and after field induced movement, a high contrast image of a plume of distinct electrokinetic properties can be seen. The invention is applicable to important subsurface characterization problems including, as examples, (1) detection of liquid-saturated plumes of contaminants such as those associated with leaks from underground storage tanks containing hazardous concentrated electrolytes, (2) detection and characterization of soils contaminated with organic pollutants such as droplets of gasoline; and (3) monitoring the progress of electrokinetic containment or clean up of underground contamination.

摘要翻译： 本发明一般涉及使用称为ERT和EKS的地球物理技术组合地下液体污染物的远程检测。 电动运输用于增强电阻层析成像（ERT）检测地下污染液体，颗粒或离子的位置和运动的能力。 ERT图像难以解释，因为土壤组成和电学性质的天然不均匀性。 通过减去在场诱导运动之前和之后获得的两个或更多个ERT图像，可以看到具有不同电动特性的羽流的高对比度图像。 本发明适用于重要的地下表征问题，包括例如（1）检测液体饱和羽状污染物，例如与含有有害浓缩电解质的地下储罐泄漏相关的污染物，（2）检测和表征污染的土壤 有机污染物如汽油滴; （3）监测电动遏制或清理地下污染的进展情况。

公开(公告)号：US07673682B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-09

申请号：US11237054

申请日：2005-09-27

申请人： William D. Daily

发明人： William D. Daily

IPC分类号： E21B17/10 ,  E21B47/01

CPC分类号： E21B47/01

摘要： A geophysical sensor apparatus, system, and method for use in, for example, oil well operations, and in particular using a network of sensors emplaced along and outside oil well casings to monitor critical parameters in an oil reservoir and provide geophysical data remote from the wells. Centralizers are affixed to the well casings and the sensors are located in the protective spheres afforded by the centralizers to keep from being damaged during casing emplacement. In this manner, geophysical data may be detected of a sub-surface volume, e.g. an oil reservoir, and transmitted for analysis. Preferably, data from multiple sensor types, such as ERT and seismic data are combined to provide real time knowledge of the reservoir and processes such as primary and secondary oil recovery.

摘要翻译： 一种用于例如油井操作的地球物理传感器装置，系统和方法，特别是使用沿着油井壳体和油井壳体外部放置的传感器网络，以监测油藏中的关键参数并提供远离油井的地球物理数据 井。 集中器固定在井套上，传感器位于由扶正器提供的保护球体中，以防止在套管放置期间损坏。 以这种方式，可以检测到地表体积的地球物理数据，例如。 一个油藏，并进行分析。 优选地，来自多种传感器类型的数据（例如ERT和地震数据）被组合以提供储存器和诸如初级和次级油回收的过程的实时知识。

公开(公告)号：US20100025247A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-04

申请号：US12183331

申请日：2008-07-31

申请人： William D. Daily, III

发明人： William D. Daily, III

IPC分类号： B01D57/00

CPC分类号： C02F1/4691 ,  C02F1/46109 ,  C02F2001/46133 ,  C02F2001/46161

摘要： An electrode “cell” for use in a capacitive deionization (CDI) reactor consists of the electrode support structure, a non-reactive conductive material, the electrode accompaniment or substrate and a flow through screen/separator. These “layers” are repeated and the electrodes are sealed together with gaskets between two end plates to create stacked sets of alternating anode and cathode electrodes in the CDI reactor.

摘要翻译： 用于电容去离子（CDI）反应器的电极“电池”由电极支撑结构，非反应性导电材料，电极伴奏或基底和流过屏/分离器组成。 这些“层”被重复，并且电极与两个端板之间的垫圈密封在一起，以在CDI反应器中产生交替的阳极和阴极电极的堆叠组。

公开(公告)号：US06331778B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-18

申请号：US08920227

申请日：1997-08-25

申请人： William D. Daily ,  Daren L. Laine ,  Edwin F. Laine

发明人： William D. Daily ,  Daren L. Laine ,  Edwin F. Laine

IPC分类号： G01N2720

CPC分类号： G01N27/20 ,  G01M3/16 ,  G01M3/40 ,  G01N27/205

摘要： Methods are provided for detecting and locating leaks in liners used as barriers in the construction of landfills, surface impoundments, water reservoirs, tanks, and the like. Electrodes are placed in the ground around the periphery of the facility, in the leak detection zone located between two liners if present, and/or within the containment facility. Electrical resistivity data is collected using these electrodes. This data is used to map the electrical resistivity distribution beneath the containment liner or between two liners in a double-lined facility. In an alternative embodiment, an electrode placed within the lined facility is driven to an electrical potential with respect to another electrode placed at a distance from the lined facility (mise-a-la-masse). Voltage differences are then measured between various combinations of additional electrodes placed in the soil on the periphery of the facility, the leak detection zone, or within the facility. A leak of liquid through the liner material will result in an electrical potential distribution that can be measured at the electrodes. The leak position is located by determining the coordinates of an electrical current source pole that best fits the measured potentials with the constraints of the known or assumed resistivity distribution.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于检测和定位用作在堆填区，地面蓄水池，水库，储罐等的建造中用作障碍物的衬里中的泄漏的方法。 电极被放置在设备周围的地面中，位于位于两个衬垫之间的泄漏检测区域（如果存在）和/或在容纳设备内。 使用这些电极收集电阻率数据。 该数据用于映射双层衬砌设施内的安全套内或两个衬垫之下的电阻率分布。 在替代实施例中，放置在内衬设备内的电极相对于与衬里设备（mise-a-la-masse）一定距离放置的另一电极被驱动到电位。 然后在设施周边，泄漏检测区域或设施内的土壤中放置的附加电极的各种组合之间测量电压差。 通过衬垫材料的液体泄漏将导致可以在电极处测量的电势分布。 通过利用已知或假定的电阻率分布的约束确定最适合测量电位的电流源极的坐标来定位泄漏位置。

公开(公告)号：US5449251A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-12

申请号：US58900

申请日：1993-05-04

申请人： William D. Daily ,  Abelardo L. Ramirez ,  Robin L. Newmark ,  Kent Udell ,  Harley M. Buetnner ,  Roger D. Aines

发明人： William D. Daily ,  Abelardo L. Ramirez ,  Robin L. Newmark ,  Kent Udell ,  Harley M. Buetnner ,  Roger D. Aines

IPC分类号： B09C1/06 ,  E02D3/11 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/30

CPC分类号： E21B43/30 ,  B09C1/062 ,  E02D3/11 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/2401 ,  B09C2101/00

摘要： A dynamic underground stripping process removes localized underground volatile organic compounds from heterogeneous soils and rock in a relatively short time. This method uses steam injection and electrical resistance heating to heat the contaminated underground area to increase the vapor pressure of the contaminants, thus speeding the process of contaminant removal and making the removal more complete. The injected steam passes through the more permeable sediments, distilling the organic contaminants, which are pumped to the surface. Large electrical currents are also applied to the contaminated area, which heat the impermeable subsurface layers that the steam has not penetrated. The condensed and vaporized contaminants are withdrawn by liquid pumping and vacuum extraction. The steam injection and electrical heating steps are repeated as necessary. Geophysical imaging methods can be used to map the boundary between the hot, dry, contamination-free underground zone and the cool, damp surrounding areas to help monitor the dynamic stripping process.

摘要翻译： 动态的地下剥离过程在相对较短的时间内从异质土壤和岩石中去除局部的地下挥发性有机化合物。 该方法使用蒸汽注入和电阻加热来加热被污染的地下区域，以增加污染物的蒸汽压力，从而加速污染物去除的过程，使清除更加完整。 注入的蒸汽通过更可渗透的沉积物，蒸馏出被泵送到表面的有机污染物。 大的电流也被施加到被污染的区域，该区域加热蒸汽未穿透的不渗透的地下层。 通过液体泵送和抽真空抽出冷凝和蒸发的污染物。 必要时重复蒸汽注入和电加热步骤。 地球物理成像方法可用于绘制热，干，无污染的地下区域与阴凉，潮湿的周边地区之间的边界，以帮助监测动态剥离过程。