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    PROCESS FOR MONITORING THE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE OR ETHYLENE AND COMONOMERS IN A TUBULAR-REACTOR AT HIGH-PRESSURES
    2.
    发明申请
    PROCESS FOR MONITORING THE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE OR ETHYLENE AND COMONOMERS IN A TUBULAR-REACTOR AT HIGH-PRESSURES 有权
    用于监测高压管状反应器中乙烯或乙烯和共聚物聚合的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20130274424A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-10-17

    申请号：US13995829

    申请日：2011-12-19

    申请人： Sebastian Weiand ,  Wolfgang Gsella ,  Victor Kuhne ,  Christian-Ulrich Schmidt ,  Tom Zimmermann

    发明人： Sebastian Weiand ,  Wolfgang Gsella ,  Victor Kuhne ,  Christian-Ulrich Schmidt ,  Tom Zimmermann

    IPC分类号： C08F10/02 ,  G01N7/00

    CPC分类号： C08F10/02 ,  C08F110/02 ,  C08F210/02 ,  C08F210/16 ,  C08F2400/02 ,  G01N7/00 ,  C08F210/06 ,  C08F220/14 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F2/001

    摘要： Process for monitoring the polymerization of ethylene or ethylene and comonomers in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiator at pressures in the range of from 160 MPa to 350 MPa and temperatures in the range of from 100° C. to 350° C. in a tubular reactor with one or more reaction zones, which is equipped with cooling jackets for cooling the tubular reactor with a cooling medium, comprising the steps of a) measuring as process parameters the temperature profile and the pressure of the reaction medium and the flow and temperature profile of the cooling medium along the reactor, b) monitoring the feeds of ethylene, if present comonomer, free-radical polymerization initiator and chain-transfer agent to all reaction zones, c) calculating, based on the measured process parameters and on a model for the polymerization process, concentrations for free-radical polymerization initiator, chain-transfer agent, ethylene and, if present, comonomers at at least so many positions along the reactor, that at least one calculation is carried out all 10 s for a volume unit flowing through the reactor, d) calculating, based on the measured process parameters and the calculated concentrations, the cooling power, the generation of heat, and the concentration of radicals, e) calculating, based on the calculated data of the cooling power, of the generation of heat, and of the concentration of radicals, the potential of a thermal runaway of the reaction mixture at the positions along the reactor which have the highest temperatures, and f) outputting an alarm signal if the calculated value for the potential of a thermal runaway exceeds a predefined value and process for polymerizing ethylene or ethylene and comonomers comprising such a monitoring process.

    摘要翻译： 在自由基聚合引发剂的存在下，在160MPa至350MPa的压力和100℃至350℃的温度范围内，监测乙烯或乙烯和共聚单体的聚合反应的方法， 具有一个或多个反应区的管式反应器，其配备有用于用冷却介质冷却管式反应器的冷却夹套，包括以下步骤：a）测量作为工艺参数的温度分布和反应介质的压力以及流动和温度 b）监测乙烯（如果存在的共聚单体，自由基聚合引发剂和链转移剂）进料到所有反应区的进料，c）根据测量的工艺参数和模型计算 对于聚合过程，自由基聚合引发剂，链转移剂，乙烯和（如果存在）共聚单体在至少这么多位置的浓度 反应器，对于流过反应堆的体积单位进行至少一次计算10秒，d）基于测量的过程参数和计算的浓度，计算冷却功率，产生热量和浓度 的自由基，e）基于计算的冷却功率的数据，计算出热的产生和自由基的浓度，反应混合物在沿着反应器的位置处的热失控的可能性为最高 温度，以及f）如果热失控潜力的计算值超过预定值，则输出报警信号，并且包括这样的监测过程的聚合乙烯或乙烯和共聚单体的方法。

    Process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a high-pressure reactor controlled by a model based predictive controller
    3.
    发明申请
    Process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a high-pressure reactor controlled by a model based predictive controller 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20120322956A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-12-20

    申请号：US13516703

    申请日：2010-12-20

    申请人： Christian-Ulrich Schmidt ,  Klaus Berhalter ,  Steve Makin ,  Kevin Taylor

    发明人： Christian-Ulrich Schmidt ,  Klaus Berhalter ,  Steve Makin ,  Kevin Taylor

    IPC分类号： C08F10/02 ,  C08F2/01

    CPC分类号： C08F110/02 ,  C08F2400/02 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F2500/12

    摘要： Process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiator at from 100° C. to 350° C. and pressures in the range of from 160 MPa to 350 MPa in a high-pressure polymerization unit comprising a high-pressure reactor with one or more reaction zones, to each of which free-radical polymerization initiator is fed, which is controlled by a model based predictive controller carrying out the steps a) feeding target values for density and melt flow rate (MFR) of the ethylene homopolymer to be prepared as setpoint ranges to the controller if an ethylene homopolymers is prepared or feeding target values for density, MFR and copolymer composition of the ethylene copolymer of to be prepared as set-point ranges to the controller if an ethylene copolymer is prepared; b) measuring data in the high-pressure polymerization unit and calculating by means of a model based on these data a value for the density of the ethylene homopolymer or copolymer currently prepared in the high-pressure reactor; c) independently of step b), measuring data in the high-pressure polymerization unit and calculating by means of a model based on these data a value for the MFR of the ethylene homopolymer or copolymer currently prepared in the high-pressure reactor; d) if an ethylene copolymer is prepared, independently of steps b) and c), measuring data in the high-pressure polymerization unit and calculating by means of a model based on these data a value for the copolymer composition of the ethylene copolymer currently prepared in the high-pressure reactor, e) feeding the calculated values for the density, for the MFR and, if an ethylene copolymer is prepared, for the copolymer composition as controlled variables to the controller; and f) measuring data in the high-pressure polymerization unit and calculating by means of the controller based on these measured data, the setpoint ranges fed in step a) and the values calculated in steps b), c) and d) as outputs setpoint ranges for manipulated variables of the high-pressure polymerization unit including setpoint ranges for feeding the free-radical polymerization initiator, wherein the calculation of the setpoint ranges for feeding the free-radical polymerization initiator is repeated at least every 3 minutes, method of controlling a process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a high-pressure reactor and method for transitioning from one grade to another in a process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a high-pressure reactor.

    Pigment Composition Based on C.I. Pigment Yellow 191
    8.
    发明申请
    Pigment Composition Based on C.I. Pigment Yellow 191 有权
    颜料组成基于C.I. 颜料黄191

    公开(公告)号：US20100099039A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-22

    申请号：US12526997

    申请日：2008-02-12

    申请人： Till Borchert ,  Martin Ulrich Schmidt ,  Arpad Acs ,  Ruediger Jung

    发明人： Till Borchert ,  Martin Ulrich Schmidt ,  Arpad Acs ,  Ruediger Jung

    IPC分类号： G03G9/09 ,  C09D17/00 ,  C09D11/02

    CPC分类号： C09B63/00 ,  C09B29/366 ,  C09B63/005 ,  C09B67/0034 ,  C09B67/0051

    摘要： The invention relates to a pigment composition based on P.Y. 191 of the formula (1) containing 0.05 to 30 mol %, based on the sum of P.Y. 191 and a further yellow colorant, of at least one further yellow colorant of the formula (2) and/or of C.I. Pigment Yellow 100 in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, —CH3, —NO2, or NH—R6 where R6 is C1-C4-alkyl; R5 is methyl or carboxyl, and where the compound of the formula (2) is not C.I. Pigment Yellow 191.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种基于P.Y.的颜料组合物。 191的式（1），其含有0.05〜30摩尔％，基于P.Y.的总和。 191和另外的黄色着色剂，至少一种另外的式（2）的黄色着色剂和/或C.I. 颜料黄100，其中R 1，R 2，R 3和R 4各自独立地为氢，卤素，-CH 3，-NO 2或NH-R 6，其中R 6为C 1 -C 4烷基; R 5是甲基或羧基，并且其中式（2）的化合物不是C.I. 颜料黄191。

    Coated pearlescent pigments with SiO2 and cerium oxide
    10.
    发明授权
    Coated pearlescent pigments with SiO2 and cerium oxide 有权
    涂有珠光颜料的SiO2和氧化铈

    公开(公告)号：US07413599B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-08-19

    申请号：US11213234

    申请日：2005-08-26

    申请人： Frank Henglein ,  Ulrich Schmidt ,  Peter Krüger ,  Günter Kaupp

    发明人： Frank Henglein ,  Ulrich Schmidt ,  Peter Krüger ,  Günter Kaupp

    IPC分类号： C09C1/00

    CPC分类号： C09C1/0015 ,  C01P2004/88 ,  C09C1/0021 ,  C09C2200/102 ,  C09C2200/401 ,  C09C2200/407 ,  C09C2200/408

    摘要： The invention relates to pearlescent pigments with a platelet-shaped substrate comprising metal oxide and having a first and a second protective layer, said metal oxide having a refractive index of greater than 1.8, there being on the platelet-shaped substrate a first protective layer comprising cerium oxide and/or cerium hydroxide and a second protective layer of SiO2, applied to which is an organic chemical aftercoat comprising at least one silane having at least one functional bond group and at least one silane without a functional bond group, it being possible for metal oxide layers other than cerium oxide and SiO2 to be disposed between the first and the second protective layer. The invention further relates to a process for preparing these pigments, and to the use thereof.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有包含金属氧化物并具有第一和第二保护层的片状基底的珠光颜料，所述金属氧化物的折射率大于1.8，在该片状基底上具有第一保护层，该第一保护层包含 氧化铈和/或铈氢氧化物和SiO 2的第二保护层，其中施加有有机化学后涂层，其包含至少一种具有至少一个官能键基团的硅烷和至少一种不含 功能性键合基团，除了氧化铈和SiO 2以外的金属氧化物层可以设置在第一和第二保护层之间。 本发明还涉及制备这些颜料的方法及其用途。