摘要:
A photo-conductive switch package module having a photo-conductive substrate or wafer with opposing electrode-interface surfaces, and at least one light-input surface. First metallic layers are formed on the electrode-interface surfaces, and one or more optical waveguides having input and output ends are bonded to the substrate so that the output end of each waveguide is bonded to a corresponding one of the light-input surfaces of the photo-conductive substrate. This forms a waveguide-substrate interface for coupling light into the photo-conductive wafer. A dielectric material such as epoxy is then used to encapsulate the photo-conductive substrate and optical waveguide so that only the metallic layers and the input end of the optical waveguide are exposed. Second metallic layers are then formed on the first metallic layers so that the waveguide-substrate interface is positioned under the second metallic layers.
摘要:
An improved photoconductive switch having a SiC or other wide band gap substrate material with opposing contoured profile cavities which have a contoured profile selected from one of Rogowski, Bruce, Chang, Harrison, and Ernst profiles, and two electrodes with matching contoured-profile convex interface surfaces.
摘要:
A charged particle focusing and deflection apparatus and system utilizing one or more (i.e. stacked) ring-shaped electrodes which are contorted or deformed to shape a multipole electric field and thereby effect multipole electric focusing and deflection. In particular the ring-shaped electrodes may be used in a high gradient insulator of a particle accelerator, such as a dielectric wall accelerator (DWA).
摘要:
A virtual, moving accelerating gap is formed along an insulating tube in a dielectric wall accelerator (DWA) by locally controlling the conductivity of the tube. Localized voltage concentration is thus achieved by sequential activation of a variable resistive tube or stalk down the axis of an inductive voltage adder, producing a “virtual” traveling wave along the tube. The tube conductivity can be controlled at a desired location, which can be moved at a desired rate, by light illumination, or by photoconductive switches, or by other means. As a result, an impressed voltage along the tube appears predominantly over a local region, the virtual gap. By making the length of the tube large in comparison to the virtual gap length, the effective gain of the accelerator can be made very large.
摘要:
A compact accelerator system having an integrated particle generator-linear accelerator with a compact, small-scale construction capable of producing an energetic (˜70-250 MeV) proton beam or other nuclei and transporting the beam direction to a medical therapy patient without the need for bending magnets or other hardware often required for remote beam transport. The integrated particle generator-accelerator is actuable as a unitary body on a support structure to enable scanning of a particle beam by direction actuation of the particle generator-accelerator.
摘要:
A high gradient multilayer vacuum insulator (HGI) with increased resistance to vacuum arcing to improve electrical strength. In an exemplary embodiment, the HGI includes a plurality of conductive and dielectric layers stacked in alternating arrangement so that the edges of the layers together form a vacuum-insulator interface and the stack has an overall length LS. The dielectric layers each have a thickness I that is less than It I t = ( E M E BD ) 2 L S where It is the transitional dielectric layer thickness below which failure of the vacuum insulator is by vacuum arcing, EBD is the breakdown field required to initiate vacuum arcing across one of said dielectric layers, and EM is the breakdown field required to initiate surface flashover across a monolithic dielectric material of length LS.
摘要翻译:高梯度多层真空绝缘子(HGI)具有提高的抗真空电弧强度以提高电气强度。 在示例性实施例中,HGI包括以交替布置堆叠的多个导电和电介质层,使得这些层的边缘一起形成真空绝缘体界面,并且堆叠具有总长度LS。 电介质层各自具有小于I I t =(EME BD)2 LS的厚度I,其中,真空绝缘子的故障是真空电弧时的过渡介电层厚度,EBD是要求的击穿场 启动穿过所述介电层之一的真空电弧,EM是在长度为LS的整体电介质材料上引发表面闪络所需的击穿场。
摘要:
A compact accelerator system having an integrated particle generator-linear accelerator with a compact, small-scale construction capable of producing an energetic (˜70-250 MeV) proton beam or other nuclei and transporting the beam direction to a medical therapy patient without the need for bending magnets or other hardware often required for remote beam transport. The integrated particle generator-accelerator is actuable as a unitary body on a support structure to enable scanning of a particle beam by direction actuation of the particle generator-accelerator.
摘要:
A compact accelerator system having an integrated particle generator-linear accelerator with a compact, small-scale construction capable of producing an energetic (˜70-250 MeV) proton beam or other nuclei and transporting the beam direction to a medical therapy patient without the need for bending magnets or other hardware often required for remote beam transport. The integrated particle generator-accelerator is actuable as a unitary body on a support structure to enable scanning of a particle beam by direction actuation of the particle generator-accelerator.
摘要:
A photo-conductive switch package module having a photo-conductive substrate or wafer with opposing electrode-interface surfaces, and at least one light-input surface. First metallic layers are formed on the electrode-interface surfaces, and one or more optical waveguides having input and output ends are bonded to the substrate so that the output end of each waveguide is bonded to a corresponding one of the light-input surfaces of the photo-conductive substrate. This forms a waveguide-substrate interface for coupling light into the photo-conductive wafer. A dielectric material such as epoxy is then used to encapsulate the photo-conductive substrate and optical waveguide so that only the metallic layers and the input end of the optical waveguide are exposed. Second metallic layers are then formed on the first metallic layers so that the waveguide-substrate interface is positioned under the second metallic layers.
摘要:
A virtual, moving accelerating gap is formed along an insulating tube in a dielectric wall accelerator (DWA) by locally controlling the conductivity of the tube. Localized voltage concentration is thus achieved by sequential activation of a variable resistive tube or stalk down the axis of an inductive voltage adder, producing a “virtual” traveling wave along the tube. The tube conductivity can be controlled at a desired location, which can be moved at a desired rate, by light illumination, or by photoconductive switches, or by other means. As a result, an impressed voltage along the tube appears predominantly over a local region, the virtual gap. By making the length of the tube large in comparison to the virtual gap length, the effective gain of the accelerator can be made very large.