摘要:
An organic EL element including anode, hole injection layer, buffer layer, light-emitting layer, and cathode, layered on substrate in the stated order, and banks defining a light-emission region, and having excellent light-emission characteristics, due to the hole injection layer having excellent hole injection efficiency, being a tungsten oxide layer including an oxygen vacancy structure, formed under predetermined conditions to have an occupied energy level within a binding energy range from 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than a lowest binding energy of a valence band, and after formation, subjected to atmospheric firing at a temperature within 200° C.-230° C. inclusive for a processing time of 15-45 minutes inclusive to have increased film density and improved dissolution resistance against an etching solution, a cleaning liquid, etc., used in a bank forming process.
摘要:
A hole injection layer and a second electrode are both formed to be continuous above a first electrode and above an auxiliary wiring. The hole injection layer contains a tungsten oxide. An UPS spectrum, obtained from a UPS measurement, has a protrusion appearing near a Fermi surface and within a region corresponding to a binding energy range lower than a top of a valence band, and the tungsten oxide satisfies a condition, determined from an XPS measurement, that a ratio in a number density of atoms other than tungsten atoms and oxygen atoms to the tungsten atoms does not exceed 0.83.
摘要:
The present invention provides an organic EL display panel and an organic EL display apparatus that can be driven at a low voltage and that exhibit excellent light-emitting efficiency. Sequentially fixated on a substrate are: a first electrode; auxiliary wiring; a hole injection layer; a functional layer; and a second electrode. The hole injection layer and the second electrode are both formed to be continuous above the first electrode and above the auxiliary wiring. The second electrode and the auxiliary wiring are electrically connected by the hole injection layer. The hole injection layer contains tungsten oxide and at least 2 nm thick so as to have, in an electronic state thereof, an occupied energy level in a range between 1.8 eV and 3.6 eV lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band in terms of a binding energy.
摘要:
An organic EL panel comprises anodes, a cathode, organic light-emitting layers, and first functional layers each including a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer. The hole injection layer of each of the R, G, and B colors is made of only a metal oxide including tungsten oxide, and has a thickness of 5 nm to 40 nm. At least one of the hole injection layers has a thickness different from the other hole injection layers. The hole transport layers of the R, G, and B colors are equivalent in thickness. The organic light-emitting layers of the R, G, and B colors are equivalent in thickness.
摘要:
A shift controller for an automatic transmission mechanism is configured such that when the engine is in a driven state in which the engine is driven by a travel inertia force or the like and an accumulated pressure amount of the accumulator is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, the excessive engine brake force, which is generated due to the accumulation of at least a portion of the hydraulic pressure generated from the mechanical hydraulic pump in the accumulator, is inhibited or reduced by conducting upshifting that relatively decreases the gear ratio of the automatic transmission mechanism. Therefore, the generation of the excessive engine brake force can be inhibited or reduced even when the engine is in the driven state and pressure accumulation is performed.
摘要:
In a method for examining a negative electrode of a battery, a total thickness of a current collector and an active material layer is measured. Then, in order to estimate a composition of the active material layer, the total resistivity of the current collector and the active material layer is measured.
摘要:
In a method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a battery, an active material layer including a metallic element M and an element A that is at least any one of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon is formed on a current collector. This active material layer is irradiated with an X-ray and at least one of intensity of a Kα ray of the element A and intensity of a Kα ray of the metallic element M in fluorescent X-rays generated from the active material layer is measured.
摘要:
A flow control valve is provided in a primary pulley that is a rotor, and includes a first port; a second port; a working fluid channel formed between the first port and the second port and through which working oil passes; a check valve that is formed in the working fluid channel and is opened toward a first-port-side channel from a second-port-side channel of the working fluid channel; and a valve-opening control section (a guide member, a spool, a cylinder, and a drive pressure chamber) that is arranged at the check valve at the side of the second port, that forcibly opens the check valve when discharging the working fluid from the first port to the second port, and increases a channel resistance of the second-port-side channel as an opening amount of the check valve is small. The flow control valve can prevent over-discharge of the working fluid at the beginning of opening the valve.
摘要:
A flow control valve is provided in a primary pulley that is a rotor, and includes a first port; a second port; a working fluid channel formed between the first port and the second port and through which working oil passes; a check valve that is formed in the working fluid channel and is opened toward a first-port-side channel from a second-port-side channel of the working fluid channel; and a valve-opening control section (a guide member, a spool, a cylinder, and a drive pressure chamber) that is arranged at the check valve at the side of the second port, that forcibly opens the check valve when discharging the working fluid from the first port to the second port, and increases a channel resistance of the second-port-side channel as an opening amount of the check valve is small. The flow control valve can prevent over-discharge of the working fluid at the beginning of opening the valve.
摘要:
An organic EL element including anode, hole injection layer, buffer layer, light-emitting layer, and cathode, layered on substrate in the stated order, and banks defining a light-emission region, and having excellent light-emission characteristics, due to the hole injection layer having excellent hole injection efficiency, being a tungsten oxide layer including an oxygen vacancy structure, formed under predetermined conditions to have an occupied energy level within a binding energy range from 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than a lowest binding energy of a valence band, and after formation, subjected to atmospheric firing at a temperature within 200 ° C. -230 ° C. inclusive for a processing time of 15-45 minutes inclusive to have increased film density and improved dissolution resistance against an etching solution, a cleaning liquid, etc., used in a bank forming process.