摘要:
An organic EL element including: an anode and a cathode disposed to face each other with a gap therebetween; a functional layer that contains an organic material and is disposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electron injection layer that has a function to inject electrons into the functional layer and is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The electron injection layer contains a metal oxide with d0 electron configuration, and a Fermi level of the electron injection layer is located in a vicinity of a lower end of a conduction band of the electron injection layer.
摘要:
A voltage equalization device of a power storage device provided with battery packs in which a plurality of secondary cells are connected, power converters provided in association with the battery packs, and controllers that control the power converters, and in which the battery packs are connected in parallel via the individual power converters includes a decision portion and a voltage-adjusting portion. The decision portion obtains battery-pack information regarding the states of charge/discharge of the individual battery packs and decides, for each battery pack, whether or not to perform voltage adjustment on the basis of the battery-pack information. When the decision portion decides that the voltage adjustment is to be performed, the voltage-adjusting portion generates offset instructions for adjusting the states of charge/discharge and outputs the offset instructions to the controllers of the power converters associated with the battery packs.
摘要:
Provided is an organic EL element which withstands mass production of organic EL display panels, and promises driving at a low voltage and high luminous efficiency due to excellent hole-injection efficiency. Specifically, an organic EL element is formed by sequentially laminating an anode, a hole injection layer, a buffer layer, a light-emitting layer, and a cathode on one surface of a substrate. The hole injection layer is a at least 2 nm thick tungsten oxide layer formed under predetermined film forming conditions, and includes an occupied energy level that is 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of a binding energy. This reduces the hole injection barrier between the anode and the hole injection layer and the hole injection barrier between the hole injection layer and the buffer layer.
摘要:
The present invention provides an organic EL display panel and an organic EL display apparatus that can be driven at a low voltage and that exhibit excellent light-emitting efficiency. Sequentially fixated on a substrate are: a first electrode; auxiliary wiring; a hole injection layer; a functional layer; and a second electrode. The hole injection layer and the second electrode are both formed to be continuous above the first electrode and above the auxiliary wiring. The second electrode and the auxiliary wiring are electrically connected by the hole injection layer. The hole injection layer contains tungsten oxide and at least 2 nm thick so as to have, in an electronic state thereof, an occupied energy level in a range between 1.8 eV and 3.6 eV lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band in terms of a binding energy.
摘要:
Method for manufacturing organic EL element including anode, hole injection layer, buffer layer, light-emitting layer, and cathode, layered on substrate in the stated order, and banks defining a light-emission region, and having excellent light-emission characteristics, due to the hole injection layer having excellent hole injection efficiency, being a tungsten oxide layer including an oxygen vacancy structure, formed under predetermined conditions to have an occupied energy level within a binding energy range from 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than a lowest binding energy of a valence band, and after formation, subjected to atmospheric firing at a temperature within 200° C.-230° C. inclusive for a processing time of 15-45 minutes inclusive to have increased film density and improved dissolution resistance against an etching solution, a cleaning liquid, etc., used in a bank forming process.
摘要:
An object is to reliably conduct cell balancing operation while suppressing deterioration of batteries and maintaining operating efficiency. When the cell balance control by the cell balancing circuit 3 is started, the system control device 30 sets an on/off device corresponding to the arm where the cell balance control is conducted to the open state; and when the cell balance control is completed, and the difference between the terminal voltage of a battery pack of the arm where the cell balance control has been conducted and the terminal voltages of the battery packs of the other arms falls within a preset allowable range, sets the on/off device, which has been in the open state, to the closed state.
摘要:
The present invention provides a polyolefin-based composite resin spherical particle that gives a coating film having a matte appearance, a soft feeling, and excellent scratch resistance by being used for a coating material. The present invention also provides a coating composition containing the polyolefin-based composite resin spherical particle and a coating resin, and a coated article obtained by applying the coating composition to a substrate.The invention relates to a polyolefin-based composite resin spherical particle, which is a spherical particle obtained by mixing 100 parts by mass of a polyolefin-based resin, 40 to 1,500 parts by mass of water, and 3 to 30 parts by mass of an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 to 30,000 to prepare a mixture, emulsifying the mixture at a temperature of the highest melting point of the polyolefin-based resin or higher, and cooling the mixture from a temperature at least 25° C. higher than the highest crystallization temperature of the polyolefin-based resin to a temperature at least 25° C. lower than the lowest crystallization temperature of the polyolefin-based resin at a cooling speed of 0.2° C./min or more, wherein the polyolefin-based resin is a composite resin containing 5 to 70% by mass of a partially saponified ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
摘要:
A computer system comprises two or more computers including at least one standby computer and a management computer which controls the computers. The management computer manages unique identification information which is assigned to an Ethernet controller of each computer. When a failure has occurred to an active computer, the management computer sets the unique identification information which has been assigned to the Ethernet controller of the failed computer to the Ethernet controller of the standby computer and the standby computer boots up a software image for the failed computer by use of the unique identification information which has been set to its Ethernet controller by the management computer.
摘要:
An organic EL element has an anode, a cathode, a hole injection layer and at least one functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The at least one functional layer contains an organic material. Holes are injected into the functional layer from the hole injection layer, which contains a tungsten oxide. A Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) spectrum obtained from a UPS measurement has a protrusion near a Fermi surface and within a region corresponding to a binding energy range lower than a top of the valence band. The tungsten oxide contained in the hole injection layer satisfies a condition, determined from an X-ray Photoelectronic Spectroscopy measurement, that a ratio in a number density of atoms other than tungsten and oxygen atoms to the tungsten atoms does not exceed approximately 0.83.
摘要:
An organic EL element including anode, hole injection layer, buffer layer, light-emitting layer, and cathode, layered on substrate in the stated order, and banks defining a light-emission region, and having excellent light-emission characteristics, due to the hole injection layer having excellent hole injection efficiency, being a tungsten oxide layer including an oxygen vacancy structure, formed under predetermined conditions to have an occupied energy level within a binding energy range from 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than a lowest binding energy of a valence band, and after formation, subjected to atmospheric firing at a temperature within 200 ° C. -230 ° C. inclusive for a processing time of 15-45 minutes inclusive to have increased film density and improved dissolution resistance against an etching solution, a cleaning liquid, etc., used in a bank forming process.