摘要:
Disclosed is a process for the safe and efficient generation of chlorine dioxide while achieving a variable chlorine dioxide mass flow rate, with a turn-down to turn-up ratio of at least 1 to 200. The process allows for a single chlorine dioxide generating system to safely provide variable mass flow rate of chlorine dioxide to applications that have wide ranging chlorine dioxide demand, like those experienced in oil and gas applications.
摘要:
A PCV circuit for an internal combustion engine is modified to deliver the PCV fluid to an atomization chamber which also receives fuel from an electronic fuel injector tapped into the main vehicle fuel supply. The fuel from the injector is thoroughly vaporized in and/or immediately downstream of the chamber and conveyed to the vehicle intake manifold. A switch cuts off operation of the fuel injector at high load/high throttle setting conditions. The injector operates at a constant frequency with a selected ON time.
摘要:
An electrospray device includes an electrospray emitter adapted to receive electrospray fluid; an extractor plate spaced from the electrospray emitter and having at least one aperature; and a power supply for applying a first voltage between the extractor plate and emitter for generating at least one Taylor cone emission through the aperature to create an electrospray plume from the electrospray fluid, the extractor plate as well as accelerator and shaping plates may include a porous, conductive medium for transporting and storing excess, accumulated electrospray fluid away from the aperature.
摘要:
Continuous breakpoint halogenation with hydroxyl free radical species is used to increase the rate of sanitization a water system and maintain a high rate of oxidation in the bulk water of the pool, spas, and other water systems despite the presence of accumulated demand. Undesirable compounds can be eliminated by maintaining a level of desired oxidation potential. The feedrate and ratio of halogen donor and free radical species can be optimized to sustain the desired ppm range of halogen and sustain an ORP of, for example, 780 mV-820 mV. Sustaining these parameters can prevent or even reverse the accumulation of combined halogen and other halogenated volatile compounds, which can contaminate the air and water of water facilities such as indoor swimming pools.
摘要:
An apparatus for generating free radical species can be used to sanitize water systems. The apparatus generates hydroxyl free radical species using substantially pure water, or using a liquid that is substantially free of oxygen-reactive species, to maximize free radical species generation to sanitize the water system. The free radical species are generated by ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of less than or equal to 254 nm.
摘要:
As apparatus for providing sonophotodynamic therapy includes one or more members in communication with one or more of the following: a sonic energy source; a therapeutic fluid source and a light source.
摘要:
A composition for controlling the release rate of an agent is presented. The composition includes a hydrophilic first component and a polymeric second component mixed with the hydrophilic first component. The composition remains substantially impermeable until exposure to a hydrophilic solvent that converts sites in the composition that are occupied by the hydrophilic first component to permeation channels for the hydrophilic solvent. The composition may be used for coating a core that contains an agent. When the composition is placed in the hydrophilic solvent, the hydrophilic solvent permeates to the core, dissolves the agent, and releases the agent at a controlled rate through the permeation channels. Where the core contains reactants for a target agent, the hydrohphilic solvent reaches the core and dissolves the reactants to trigger a chemical reaction that produces the target agent. The target agent is released at a controlled rate through the permeation channels.
摘要:
A storable, stable composition that provides the effective antimicrobial benefits of halogenated agents is presented. The invention includes a water-soluble biocidal composition. The composition includes: about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of a water-soluble inorganic halide; about 5 to about 60 wt. % of an oxidizing agent which, in aqueous solution, reacts with the inorganic halide to generate hypohalite ions; about 1 to about 15 wt. % of N-succinimide; and about 1 to about 30 wt. % of a pH buffering agent. The invention also includes a method of producing the above composition.
摘要:
Ultrasound contrast agents are used to enhance imaging and facilitate HIFU therapy in four different ways. A contrast agent is used: (1) before therapy to locate specific vascular structures for treatment; (2) to determine the focal point of a HIFU therapy transducer while the HIFU therapy transducer is operated at a relatively low power level, so that non-target tissue is not damaged as the HIFU is transducer is properly focused at the target location; (3) to provide a positive feedback mechanism by causing cavitation that generates heat, reducing the level of HIFU energy administered for therapy compared to that required when a contrast agent is not used; and, (4) to shield non-target tissue from damage, by blocking the HIFU energy. Various combinations of these techniques can also be employed in a single therapeutic implementation.
摘要:
A precipitation measuring system comprising a top thermal plate positioned to maximize exposure to falling precipitation and includes at least one ridge circumscribing the top surface for capturing precipitation. A second thermal plate is positioned under the top thermal plate to protect it from falling precipitation while still exposing it to the same atmospheric temperature and wind conditions. At least one solar radiation sensor is connected to the precipitation measuring system to measure solar radiation contacting at least one of the top and bottom thermal plates. During a precipitation event, the top and bottom thermal plates are maintained at a constant temperature and a power consumption curve for each thermal plate is quantified. The precipitation rate is measured by the difference in the power consumption curve for the top thermal plate and the power consumption curve for the bottom thermal plate.