公开(公告)号：US09018937B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-28

申请号：US13352219

申请日：2012-01-17

申请人： Paul M. Werking

发明人： Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： G01R17/02 ,  G01R5/00 ,  G01R19/02

CPC分类号： G01R5/00 ,  G01R15/146 ,  G01R19/02

摘要： An electromechanical system (MEMS) voltmeter. An exemplary MEMS voltmeter includes a proof mass mounted to a substrate in a teeter-totter manner. The MEMS voltmeter also includes an input voltage plate located on the substrate under a first end of the proof mass. The first input voltage plate receives a voltage from a device under test. A drive voltage plate is located on the substrate under a second end of the proof mass. A first sense input voltage plate is located on the substrate under the first end of the proof mass. A second sense voltage plate is located on the substrate under the second end of the proof mass. A rebalancing circuit receives signals from the proof mass and the first and second sense voltage plates and generates a voltage value that is equal to the root mean square (RMS) voltage of the device under test.

摘要翻译： 机电系统（MEMS）电压表。 示例性MEMS电压表包括以跷跷板方式安装到基板的检验质量。 MEMS电压表还包括位于基板上的输入电压板，其位于检测质量块的第一端。 第一输入电压板从被测器件接收电压。 驱动电压板位于基板的第二端上。 第一感测输入电压板位于校准质量第一端的衬底上。 第二感测电压板位于基板上的证明质量块的第二端之下。 重新平衡电路接收来自检测质量块和第一和第二感测电压板的信号，并产生等于被测器件的均方根（RMS）电压的电压值。

公开(公告)号：US08823450B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-02

申请号：US13553503

申请日：2012-07-19

申请人： Paul M. Werking

发明人： Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： H03F3/45

CPC分类号： H03F3/45 ,  H03F3/45183 ,  H03F3/45475 ,  H03F2203/45644 ,  H03F2203/45676 ,  H03F2203/45711

摘要： This disclosure is directed to devices and integrated circuits for instrumentation amplifiers. In one example, an instrumentation amplifier device uses two non-inverted outputs of a first multiple-output transconductance amplifier, and a non-inverted output and an inverted output of a second multiple-output transconductance amplifier. Both multiple-output transconductance amplifiers have a non-inverted output connected to an inverting input, and a non-inverting input connected to a respective input voltage terminal. A first resistor is connected between the inverting inputs of both multiple-output transconductance amplifiers. The outputs of both multiple-output transconductance amplifiers are connected together, connected through a second resistor to ground, and connected to an output voltage terminal. In other examples, two pairs of outputs from triple-output transconductance amplifiers are connected to provide two voltage output terminals, and may also be connected to buffers or a differential amplifier. These provide various advantages over traditional instrumentation amplifiers.

摘要翻译： 本公开涉及用于仪表放大器的装置和集成电路。 在一个示例中，仪表放大器装置使用第一多输出跨导放大器的两个非反相输出，以及第二多输出跨导放大器的非反相输出和反相输出。 两输出跨导放大器具有连接到反相输入的非反相输出，以及连接到相应输入电压端的非反相输入。 第一个电阻连接在多输出跨导放大器的反相输入端之间。 多输出跨导放大器的输出连接在一起，通过第二个电阻连接到地，并连接到输出电压端。 在其他示例中，来自三输出跨导放大器的两对输出被连接以提供两个电压输出端子，并且还可以连接到缓冲器或差分放大器。 与传统的仪表放大器相比，它们具有多种优点。

公开(公告)号：US20140022015A1

公开(公告)日：2014-01-23

申请号：US13553503

申请日：2012-07-19

申请人： Paul M. Werking

发明人： Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： H03F3/45

CPC分类号： H03F3/45 ,  H03F3/45183 ,  H03F3/45475 ,  H03F2203/45644 ,  H03F2203/45676 ,  H03F2203/45711

摘要： This disclosure is directed to devices and integrated circuits for instrumentation amplifiers. In one example, an instrumentation amplifier device uses two non-inverted outputs of a first multiple-output transconductance amplifier, and a non-inverted output and an inverted output of a second multiple-output transconductance amplifier. Both multiple-output transconductance amplifiers have a non-inverted output connected to an inverting input, and a non-inverting input connected to a respective input voltage terminal. A first resistor is connected between the inverting inputs of both multiple-output transconductance amplifiers. The outputs of both multiple-output transconductance amplifiers are connected together, connected through a second resistor to ground, and connected to an output voltage terminal. In other examples, two pairs of outputs from triple-output transconductance amplifiers are connected to provide two voltage output terminals, and may also be connected to buffers or a differential amplifier. These provide various advantages over traditional instrumentation amplifiers.

摘要翻译： 本公开涉及用于仪表放大器的装置和集成电路。 在一个示例中，仪表放大器装置使用第一多输出跨导放大器的两个非反相输出，以及第二多输出跨导放大器的非反相输出和反相输出。 两输出跨导放大器具有连接到反相输入的非反相输出，以及连接到相应输入电压端的非反相输入。 第一个电阻连接在多输出跨导放大器的反相输入端之间。 多输出跨导放大器的输出连接在一起，通过第二个电阻连接到地，并连接到输出电压端子。 在其他示例中，来自三输出跨导放大器的两对输出被连接以提供两个电压输出端子，并且还可以连接到缓冲器或差分放大器。 与传统的仪表放大器相比，它们具有多种优点。

公开(公告)号：US07535264B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

申请号：US11847973

申请日：2007-08-30

申请人： James G. Hiller ,  Paul M. Werking

发明人： James G. Hiller ,  Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： H03K5/22

CPC分类号： H03F3/45273 ,  H03F2200/78 ,  H03F2200/91

摘要： Methods and systems are provided for comparing currents. The method includes driving a first current through a first X leg of a first current conveyor circuit and a second current through a second X leg of a second current conveyor circuit. The method further includes draining a third current from a first X terminal of the first current conveyor circuit to produce a first positive transistor current and a first negative transistor current, and draining a fourth current from a second X terminal of the second current conveyor circuit to produce a second positive transistor current and a second negative transistor current. The method further includes summing the first positive transistor current and the second negative transistor current to produce a first current output, the first negative transistor current and the second positive transistor current to produce a second current output, and the first current output and the second current output to produce a summed current output.

摘要翻译： 提供了比较电流的方法和系统。 该方法包括驱动第一电流通过第一电流输送电路的第一X支脚和通过第二电流输送电路的第二X支路的第二电流。 该方法还包括从第一当前输送机电路的第一X端排出第三电流以产生第一正晶体管电流和第一负晶体管电流，并将第四电流从第二电流输送电路的第二X端排出到 产生第二正晶体管电流和第二负晶体管电流。 该方法还包括对第一正晶体管电流和第二负晶体管电流求和以产生第一电流输出，第一负晶体管电流和第二正晶体管电流以产生第二电流输出，以及第一电流输出和第二电流 输出以产生总和电流输出。

公开(公告)号：US06262546B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

申请号：US09346365

申请日：1999-07-01

申请人： Kenneth George Draves ,  Paul M. Werking

发明人： Kenneth George Draves ,  Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： H02P608

CPC分类号： H02P7/04

摘要： An improved motor commutation pulse detection circuit for comparing a filtered motor current signal to a threshold value, where the circuit is responsive to the actual or expected amplitude of the commutation pulses for adjusting the motor current signal or the threshold value so that the compared threshold value is substantially equal in amplitude to minimum amplitude commutation pulses in the compared motor current signal. In one circuit, the threshold value is varied in accordance with the average current flowing through the motor at the time of the commutation event. In another circuit, the threshold is effectively switched between a high value and a low value depending on the mode of operation of the motor. A motor run detection threshold is activated during motor running periods, while a motor brake detection threshold is activated during motor braking. The run time detection threshold is set to a relatively high value to detect the relatively high amplitude commutation pulses that occur during motor running, while the brake detection threshold is set to a relatively low value to detect the relatively low amplitude commutation pulses that occur during motor braking. The threshold can effectively be changed by attenuating the commutation signal by a predetermined factor during motor run periods.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的电动机换向脉冲检测电路，用于将滤波的电动机电流信号与阈值进行比较，其中电路响应于用于调节电动机电流信号或阈值的换向脉冲的实际或预期幅度，使得比较的阈值 在比较的电动机电流信号中的幅度与最小振幅换向脉冲基本相等。 在一个电路中，阈值根据在换向事件时流过马达的平均电流而变化。 在另一电路中，根据电动机的工作模式，阈值有效地在高值和低值之间切换。 在电机运行期间，电机运行检测阈值被激活，而电机制动期间电机制动检测阈值被激活。 运行时间检测阈值被设置为相对较高的值，以检测在电动机运行期间发生的相对高幅度的换向脉冲，同时将制动检测阈值设置为相对较低的值，以检测在电动机期间发生的相对低幅度的换向脉冲 制动。 通过在电机运行期间以预定的因子衰减换向信号，可以有效地改变阈值。

公开(公告)号：US06229353B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-08

申请号：US09131049

申请日：1998-08-07

申请人： Paul M. Werking

发明人： Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： H03K522

CPC分类号： G05F3/247 ,  H03K19/018514 ,  H03K19/09432

摘要： This invention relates to source-coupled logic (SCL) which is a functional derivative of emitter-coupled logic (ECL). ECL is widely recognized as having the characteristics of high speed (low propagation delay) and low power supply noise generation. The SCL of the prior art succeeds at maintaining and improving the low noise characteristics of this architecture but does not fulfill the promise of high speed that one would expect from a current-mode logic. In addition, it uses a differential form of logic that is not as flexible and easy-to-use as a reference controlled or “single-ended” logic. The SCL disclosed here has the desired high speed properties and maintains the ease of use that is a property of reference controlled ECL. In addition, the reference controlled SCL of this invention provides new capabilities that make it even more flexible than ECL in generating logical switching functions.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及源耦合逻辑（SCL），它是发射极耦合逻辑（ECL）的功能导数。 ECL被广泛认为具有高速（低传播延迟）和低电源噪声产生的特点。 现有技术的SCL成功地保持和改善了该架构的低噪声特性，但并不能满足人们期望从电流模式逻辑的高速度的希望。 此外，它使用的差分形式的逻辑不像参考控制或“单端”逻辑那样灵活易用。 这里公开的SCL具有期望的高速性能并且保持易于使用，这是参考受控ECL的特性。 此外，本发明的参考控制SCL提供了新的功能，使其在ECL生成逻辑切换功能方面更加灵活。

公开(公告)号：US20130181697A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-18

申请号：US13352219

申请日：2012-01-17

申请人： Paul M. Werking

发明人： Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： G01R17/02

CPC分类号： G01R5/00 ,  G01R15/146 ,  G01R19/02

摘要： An electromechanical system (MEMS) voltmeter. An exemplary MEMS voltmeter includes a proof mass mounted to a substrate in a teeter-totter manner. The MEMS voltmeter also includes an input voltage plate located on the substrate under a first end of the proof mass. The first input voltage plate receives a voltage from a device under test. A drive voltage plate is located on the substrate under a second end of the proof mass. A first sense input voltage plate is located on the substrate under the first end of the proof mass. A second sense voltage plate is located on the substrate under the second end of the proof mass. A rebalancing circuit receives signals from the proof mass and the first and second sense voltage plates and generates a voltage value that is equal to the root mean square (RMS) voltage of the device under test.

摘要翻译： 机电系统（MEMS）电压表。 示例性MEMS电压表包括以跷跷板方式安装到基板的检验质量。 MEMS电压表还包括位于基板上的输入电压板，其位于检测质量块的第一端。 第一输入电压板从被测器件接收电压。 驱动电压板位于基板的第二端上。 第一感测输入电压板位于校准质量第一端的衬底上。 第二感测电压板位于基板上的证明质量块的第二端之下。 重新平衡电路接收来自检测质量块和第一和第二感测电压板的信号，并产生等于被测器件的均方根（RMS）电压的电压值。

公开(公告)号：US20110062937A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-17

申请号：US12559707

申请日：2009-09-15

申请人： Paul M. Werking

发明人： Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： G05F3/16 ,  H03F3/45

CPC分类号： G05F3/30 ,  H03F3/347 ,  H03F3/45273 ,  H03F2200/456 ,  H03F2200/513 ,  Y10S323/907

摘要： A temperature compensated low voltage reference circuit can be realized with a reduced operating voltage overhead and reduced spatial requirements This is accomplished in several ways including integrating one or more bipolar junction transistors into a current differencing amplifier and reducing the number of components required to implement various voltage reference circuits. All of the reference circuits may be constructed with various types of transistors including DTMOS transistors.

摘要翻译： 温度补偿低电压参考电路可以在降低的工作电压开销和降低的空间要求的情况下实现。这通过多种方式实现，包括将一个或多个双极结型晶体管集成到电流差分放大器中，并减少实现各种电压所需的组件数量 参考电路。 所有参考电路可以由包括DTMOS晶体管的各种类型的晶体管构成。

公开(公告)号：US20090135036A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-28

申请号：US11898533

申请日：2007-09-12

申请人： Paul M. Werking

发明人： Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： H03M3/02

CPC分类号： H03M3/502 ,  G05F1/561 ,  H03M1/742 ,  H03M3/464

摘要： A differential current-mode sigma-delta digital-to-analog converter (SD DAC) and a method for generating positive and negative reference voltages in a sigma-delta digital analog converter are described. The SD DAC includes a low pass filter (LPF) having a first and second input. The SD DAC further includes a first resistance and a second resistance coupled together at a common node. The first resistance may be coupled to the first input of the LPF and the second resistance may be coupled to the second input of the LPF. Additionally, the SD DAC includes a current supply and a switching network for supplying current from the current supply to the first and second resistances. The current supply and the resistances operate to generate a first voltage and a second voltage at the first and second inputs of the LPF.

摘要翻译： 描述了差分电流模式Σ-Δ数模转换器（SD DAC）以及在Σ-Δ数字模拟转换器中产生正和负参考电压的方法。 SD DAC包括具有第一和第二输入的低通滤波器（LPF）。 SD DAC还包括在公共节点处耦合在一起的第一电阻和第二电阻。 第一电阻可以耦合到LPF的第一输入，并且第二电阻可以耦合到LPF的第二输入。 此外，SD DAC包括电流源和用于从当前电源向第一和第二电阻提供电流的开关网络。 电流供应和电阻操作以在LPF的第一和第二输入处产生第一电压和第二电压。

公开(公告)号：US07122997B1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-17

申请号：US11267361

申请日：2005-11-04

申请人： Paul M. Werking

发明人： Paul M. Werking

IPC分类号： G05F3/18

CPC分类号： G05F3/267 ,  Y10S323/907

摘要： A temperature compensated low voltage reference circuit can be realized with a reduced operating voltage overhead. This is accomplished in several ways including minimizing drain voltage variation at the drains of two inter-connected transistors and implementing a current conveyer in order to adjust the temperature coefficient of an output current or voltage. Various combinations of voltage minimization and temperature coefficient adjustments may be used to design a reference circuit to a circuit designer's preference. A temperature compensated current source may also be created. The temperature compensated current source may be used to provide a wide range of output voltages. All of the reference circuits may be constructed with various types of transistors including DTMOS transistors.

摘要翻译： 可以降低工作电压开销来实现温度补偿低电压参考电路。 这通过多种方式实现，包括最小化两个互连晶体管的漏极处的漏极电压变化，并实现电流输送器，以便调节输出电流或电压的温度系数。 可以使用电压最小化和温度系数调整的各种组合来设计电路设计者的偏好的参考电路。 也可以产生温度补偿电流源。 温度补偿电流源可用于提供宽范围的输出电压。 所有参考电路可以由包括DTMOS晶体管的各种类型的晶体管构成。