摘要:
A photoelectric conversion element includes: a first substrate; a first electrode; a photoelectric conversion layer; a second electrode; a sealing part; and a second substrate. The photoelectric conversion element is translucent. The second electrode includes a conductive nanowire and a conductive polymer. The sealing part includes a drying agent.
摘要:
A silicon-containing film-forming composition includes a polysiloxane and organic solvent. The polysiloxane includes a first structural unit, a second structural unit, and a third structural unit. The first structural unit is derived from a tetraalkoxysilane. The second structural unit is derived from a compound shown by a formula (1), wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an electron-donating group, at least one R1 is an electron-donating group, R2 represents a monovalent organic group, and n represents 0 or 1. The third structural unit is derived from a compound shown by a formula (2), wherein R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R4 represents a monovalent organic group.
摘要:
A silicon-containing film-forming composition includes a polysiloxane and organic solvent. The polysiloxane includes a first structural unit, a second structural unit, and a third structural unit. The first structural unit is derived from a tetraalkoxysilane. The second structural unit is derived from a compound shown by a formula (1), wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an electron-donating group, at least one R1 is an electron-donating group, R2 represents a monovalent organic group, and n represents 0 or 1. The third structural unit is derived from a compound shown by a formula (2), wherein R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R4 represents a monovalent organic group.
摘要:
According to aspects of the present invention, an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer comprising a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a compound having at least one polymerizable functional group. Aspects of the present invention provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member whose surface layer comprises a compound (urea derivative) having a certain structure, a method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that contains a urea compound having two or more urea moieties. Each of the urea moieties has a carbonyl group and two nitrogen atoms. Each of the two nitrogen atoms connects to an alkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer that contains a polymer produced by the polymerization of a compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group. The compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group is a compound represented by the formula (1).
摘要:
The optical tomographic image acquisition apparatus is based on FD-OCT. A detection unit 50A which detects interference light includes a lens 51, a reflection type diffraction grating 52A, a deflection unit 53, a lens 54), and a light receiving unit 55. The interference light collimated by the lens 51 is divided by the reflection type diffraction grating 52A. Light of each wavelength is output in a different direction according to the wavelength, deflected by the deflection unit 53, and focused on a light receiving surface of the light receiving unit 55 by the lens 54. The optical tomographic image of the object is acquired based on a correspondence relationship between a light radiation position for the object and a deflection angle by the deflection unit 53 and on optical power distribution detected by the light receiving unit 55.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer containing a polymeric product obtained by polymerizing a specific adamantane compound, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
摘要:
An overflow suppression technique that is effective for avoiding degradation in image quality is provided. A fundamental waveform and detail is extracted out of an input RGB signal. A suppression gain generation unit 614 generates a suppression gain from the extracted fundamental waveform. Multipliers 612a and 612b multiply the detail and the fundamental waveform by the generated suppression gain, respectively. Then, an adder 626 combines them together for a mixed output. Alternatively, equalization processing is performed as follows. A low frequency component fundamental waveform is obtained as a result of the passing of an input RGB signal through a low pass filter 622. A suppression gain is generated from the low frequency component fundamental waveform. Then, the input itself is multiplied by the suppression gain to obtain an output.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided in which both a long-term potential variation and a short-term potential variation are suppressed, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are also provided. The intermediate layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an organic resin and rutile-type titanium oxide crystal particles which contain tin and have an average primary particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 9 nm or less.