Abstract:
A video encoding apparatus includes a motion estimation module, an information providing module, a filtering module, a motion compensation module, and a converting module. The motion estimation module performs a plurality of modes of motion estimations on macro-blocks included in an input frame and provides a motion-estimated frame which conforms to a predetermined standard. The information providing module receives motion vectors and mode information of the plurality of modes of motion estimations to provide an encoding information signal. The filtering module filters the motion-estimated frame to provide a filtered frame based on the encoding information signal. The motion compensation module performs motion compensation on the filtered frame to provide a motion-compensated frame. The converting module performs a spatial conversion on the motion-compensated frame.
Abstract:
A photovoltaic device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The photovoltaic device includes: a substrate; a first conductive layer formed on the substrate; P layers and N layers alternately formed along a first direction on the first conductive layer; and I layers covering the P layers and the N layers on the first conductive layer, wherein the P layers and the N layers are separated from each other by a first interval, the I layers are formed between the P layers and the N layers that are separated by the first interval, and the P layers, the I layers, and the N layers formed along the first direction form unit cells.
Abstract:
A method of forming an electrode, by which the resistance of the electrode can be reduced, and a method of manufacturing a solar cell using the method of forming an electrode are provided. The electrode forming method includes coating conductive paste on a substrate, forming a metal layer by drying the conductive paste or heating the same at low temperature, and annealing the metal layer by Joule heating using the metal layer by applying an electric field to the metal layer.
Abstract:
A method and an apparatus for calculating source image coordinates. In an embodiment, a variation rate of the source image coordinate with respect to a converted image coordinate is calculated by a recursive computation, and variation rates are accumulated to obtain the source image coordinate. Because the converted image coordinate sequentially increases one-by-one, the variation rate may be obtained by using adding operations of previously obtained source image coordinate, rather than multiplying operations with the all of the converted image coordinates. Therefore, the source image coordinates may simply and effectively be calculated.
Abstract:
Provided are a receiver with a CA function based on software download, a CA system including the receiver, and a method for managing CA software executed by the receiver. The receiver includes a CA software management means, a download means, a demultiplexer, and a descrambler. The CA software management means performs an overall management operation including the download, execution, state control and termination of a plurality of CA softwares. The download means downloads the CA software from a CA software download server at the request of the CA software management means. The demultiplexer receives scrambled multimedia contents and a CA message and transfers the CA message to the CA software management means. The descrambler receives a descrambling key extracted from the CA message by means of the CA software and descrambles the scrambled multimedia contents with the descrambling key. Thus, a plurality of CA softwares can be operated in one receiver (e.g., a settop box). Also, a plurality of CA softwares can be downloaded beforehand or timely. Also, it is possible to provide a rapid change of running CA software.
Abstract:
A method of controlling an electronic device (100) to request changes in the transmission power of a received signal received by the electronic device; the method comprising obtaining a received signal strength parameter value for the received signal (425); transmitting a request for an increase in transmission power (460) in response to the received signal strength parameter value being within a lower signal strength parameter value range (455Y); transmitting a request for a decrease in transmission power (445) in response to the determined received signal strength parameter value being within an upper signal strength parameter value range (440Y); determining an accumulated signal strength parameter value for the received signal over an accumulation period (405); and adjusting the lower signal strength parameter value range or the upper signal strength parameter value range dependent on the accumulated signal strength parameter value (410, 415).
Abstract:
Provided are an open home network framework and a method for operating the same. The method includes: forming an user application layer having interfaces to manage an individual service application software and a platform; forming a core framework layer having a framework management function based on an individual service control logic and service control logic for hardware-dependent control; forming a communication layer to process hardware interworking services; forming a service application programming interface (API) for providing interworking interfaces between the user application layer and the core framework layer; forming an adaptor for providing interworking interfaces between service components and legacy components; and forming a communication API for providing hardware-independence between the core framework layer and the communication layer to control a hardware and a device.
Abstract:
A method and an apparatus for calculating source image coordinates. In an embodiment, a variation rate of the source image coordinate with respect to a converted image coordinate is calculated by a recursive computation, and variation rates are accumulated to obtain the source image coordinate. Because the converted image coordinate sequentially increases one-by-one, the variation rate may be obtained by using adding operations of previously obtained source image coordinate, rather than multiplying operations with the all of the converted image coordinates. Therefore, the source image coordinates may simply and effectively be calculated.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a photoelectric conversion device having a semiconductor substrate including a front side and back side, a protective layer formed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate, a first non-single crystalline semiconductor layer formed on the back side of the semiconductor substrate, a first conductive layer including a first impurity formed on a first portion of a back side of the first non-single crystalline semiconductor layer, and a second conductive layer including the first impurity and a second impurity formed on a second portion of the back side of the first non-single crystalline semiconductor layer.