摘要:
An electrode for use in a electrochemical sensor comprises carbon modified with a chemically sensitive redox-active compound, excluding an electrode based on carbon having derivatized thereon two redox-active species wherein at least one of said species is selected from anthraquinone, phenanthrenequinone and N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD). The invention further provides a pH sensor comprising: a working electrode comprising carbon modified with a chemically sensitive redox active material; and a counter electrode, wherein the ratio of the surface area of the working electrode to the surface area of the counter electrode is from 1:10 to 10:1. Also provided is a pH sensor comprising: a working electrode comprising carbon modified with a chemically sensitive redox active material, and a counter electrode, wherein the area of the working electrode is from 500 μm2 to 0.1 m2. The uses of these electrodes and sensors are also described.
摘要:
Arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI offers a non-invasive means to create blood-borne contrast in vivo for dynamic angiographic imaging. By spatial modulation of the ASL process it is possible to uniquely label individual arteries over a series of measurements, allowing each to be separately identified in the resulting images. This separation requires appropriate analysis for which a general framework has previously been proposed. Here the general framework is modified for fast analysis of non-invasive imaging of blood flow using vessel encoded arterial spin labelling (VE-ASL). This specifically addresses the issues of computational speed of the analysis and the robustness required to deal with real patient data. The modification applies various approaches for estimation of one or more parameters that change the way a vessel, for example an artery, is encoded to provide the fast analysis.
摘要:
The present invention provides a modified influenza virus wherein the RNA of the haemagglutinin gene has been modified such that the haemagglutinin signal sequence is not expressed and the virus produces a haemagglutinin protein that lacks a functional signal sequence. The invention further provides composition comprising the modified virus and uses of the modified virus.
摘要:
An electric machine comprises a rotor, preferably having permanent magnets, although other field generation means are available, and a stator. The stator has coils wound on stator bars for interaction with the magnetic field of the rotor across an air gap defined between them. The rotor comprises a housing of a chamber containing refrigerant. The rotor housing has heat dissipating fins accessible by the open environment whereby air movement relative to the housing caused at least by rotation of the rotor absorbs heat from the fins. The machine may be an axial flux machine, the coils being wound on bars that are disposed circumferentially spaced around a fixed axle of the machine forming a rotational axis of the rotor. The machine may be a wheel motor for a vehicle, wherein the wheel is mounted directly on the rotor housing.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to processes for the production of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybyrate. Poly (R)-3-hydroxybyrate is transesterified with an alcohol, to form a first ester portion and a second ester portion. The first ester portion is reduced to the diol to form a diol portion and the diol portion is reacted with the second ester portion to produce (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybyrate.
摘要:
The invention relates to a vaccine for the treatment of disease caused by Neisseria, the vaccine including one or more immunogenic components for Neisseria serogroups, as well as antibodies to the immunogenic components and methods of preventing and treating Neisseria infections. The immunogens are based on elements of the inner core lipopolysaccharide.
摘要:
Systems and methods are disclosed for quantifying absolute blood volume flow rates by fitting a kinetic model incorporating blood volume, bolus dispersion and signal attenuation to dynamic angiographic data. A self-calibration method is described for both 2D and 3D data sets to convert the relative blood volume parameter into absolute units. The parameter values are then used to simulate the signal arising from a very short bolus, in the absence of signal attenuation, which can be readily encompassed within a vessel mask of interest. The volume flow rate can then be determined by calculating the blood volume within the vessel mask and dividing by the simulated bolus duration. This method is exemplified using non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging data from a flow phantom and the cerebral arteries of healthy volunteers and a patient with Moya-Moya disease acquired using a 2D vessel-encoded pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling pulse sequence. This allows flow quantification in downstream vessels from each brain-feeding artery separately. The systems and methods can be of use in patients with a variety of cerebrovascular diseases, such as the assessment of collateral flow in patients with steno-occlusive disease or the evaluation of arteriovenous malformations.
摘要:
A compact microscope including an enclosure, a support element, a primary optical support element located within the enclosure and supported by the support element, at least one vibration isolating mount between the support element and the primary optical support element, an illumination section, an objective lens system, a sample stage mounted on the primary optical support element, an illumination optical system to direct an illumination light beam from the illumination section to the sample stage, and a return optical system to receive returned light from sample stage and transmit returned light to a detection apparatus, wherein the illumination optical system and return optical system are mounted on the primary optical support element.
摘要:
The present invention provides hydroxychloroquine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the prevention and/or treatment of systolic heart failure, sincus tachycardia, cardiac syndrome X and/or essential hypertension.
摘要:
A velocity selective preparation method, for Velocity Selective Magnetisation Transfer Insensitive labelling technique (VS-TILT), said VS-TILT method using non-selective RadioFrequency (RF) pulses and magnetic field gradients to modulate the longitudinal magnetization of moving spins in magnetic resonance imaging that is insensitive to diffusion effects, said method comprising the steps of: a) play out two velocity selective pulses: VS-A and VS-B, sequentially without any spoiling between said pulses; b) each individual pulse VS-A and VS-B having half the first gradient moment m1 of the original velocity selective pulse; c) assigning the VS-TILT tag condition gradients to have the same polarity, such that total m1 is perserved; and d) assigning the VS_TILT control condition, negating the n gradients in the first pulse such total m1=0, but the b-value remains unchanged.