公开(公告)号：US20080290537A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-27

申请号：US11632382

申请日：2005-06-27

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Manfred Hackl

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Manfred Hackl

IPC分类号： B29B17/00

CPC分类号： B29B17/0412 ,  B01F7/18 ,  B01F13/1013 ,  B01F13/1016 ,  B01F13/1047 ,  B01F15/0251 ,  B01F15/0288 ,  B29B7/7466 ,  B29B13/10 ,  B29B17/0036 ,  B29B2017/048 ,  B29B2017/0488 ,  B29C47/0019 ,  B29C47/1018 ,  B29C47/1081 ,  B29C47/366 ,  B29C47/369 ,  Y02W30/62 ,  Y02W30/625

摘要： An apparatus for the preparation of thermoplastic plastics material to be recycled has two treatment stages (68, 68) [sic—recte (67, 68)] following one after the other. At least two receiving containers (1, 1′), which are capable of being evacuated and which are attached in parallel to a receiving container (2) of the second stage (68), are present in the first stage (67). A device (70) is present by which an alternating batch-wise charging of the receiving container (2) of the second stage takes place from the receiving containers (1, 1′) of the first stage. The said device (70) controls discharge members (75) of the receiving containers (1, 1′) of the preceding stage (67), which leads into a channel (3). A shut-off member (71) is provided for each receiving container (1, 1′) of the preceding stage (67) in the said channel. The device (70) for the alternating batch-wise charging of the receiving container (2) of the last stage controls the said shut-off members (71).The method of preparing thermoplastic plastics material, to be recycled, by means of an apparatus of this type provides that the receiving container (2) of the last stage is charged alternately and, as far as possible, continuously from the receiving containers (1, 1′) of the preceding stage (67).

摘要翻译： 一种用于制备待再循环的热塑性塑料材料的设备具有一个接一个的两个处理阶段（68,68）[正交（67,68）]。 在第一阶段（67）中存在至少两个能够抽真空并且并联连接到第二阶段（68）的接收容器（2）的容纳容器（1,1'）。 存在装置（70），通过该装置，从第一级的接收容器（1,1'）进行第二级的接收容器（2）的交替分批充电。 所述装置（70）控制前进级（67）的接收容器（1,1'）的排出构件（75），其通向通道（3）。 为所述通道中的前级（67）的接收容器（1,1'）设置有切断构件（71）。 用于最后阶段的接收容器（2）的交替间歇充电的装置（70）控制所述关闭构件（71）。 通过这种装置制备待再循环的热塑性塑料材料的方法是，最后阶段的接收容器（2）交替地被充电，并且尽可能地从接收容器（1， 1'）。

公开(公告)号：US20080273417A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-06

申请号：US12217346

申请日：2008-07-03

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

IPC分类号： B29B7/28

CPC分类号： B30B15/308 ,  B29B17/0036 ,  B29B2017/048 ,  B29C47/0019 ,  B29C47/0026 ,  B29C47/10 ,  B29C47/1009 ,  B29C47/1027 ,  B29C47/385 ,  B29C47/585 ,  B29C47/6018 ,  B29C47/786 ,  B29C47/92 ,  B29C2947/92104 ,  B29C2947/9259 ,  B29C2947/926 ,  B29C2947/92704 ,  B29C2947/92828 ,  B29K2067/00 ,  Y02W30/62 ,  Y02W30/625

摘要： An apparatus for filling a screw (7) bearingly supported within a housing (6), in particular of an extruder, for processing of pre-comminuted synthetic plastics material, in particular PET, has a filling opening (5) for the screw housing (6). This filling opening (5) is in flow connection with the lower outflow opening (4) of an upright receptacle 81) for the material to be processed. Within the receptacle (1), tools (30, 31) circulate around a, preferably vertical, axis, which tool act onto the material positioned within the receptacle (1). This material is introduced into the evacuable receptacle (1) through a sluice (60). A quickly circulating tool (30) for creating a mixing cone (71) is disposed between an upper interior portion (68) and a lower interior portion (69) of the receptacle (1). Within the lower interior portion (69) that constitutes a dwell space for the heated plastics material that has reached it for thermal homogenization thereof, also circulating tools (31) are disposed, which, however, are mere mixing tools without substantial introduction of power, so that within this dwell space an agglomeration of the plastics material is avoided.

摘要翻译： 用于填充螺钉（7）的装置具有用于处理预粉碎的合成塑料材料（特别是PET）的轴承支承在壳体（6）内的特别是挤出机的螺钉（7），具有用于螺钉壳体的填充开口（5） 6）。 该填充开口（5）与待处理材料的直立插座81的下流出开口（4）流动连接。 在容器（1）内，工具（30,31）围绕（优选垂直）轴线循环，该工具作用在位于容器（1）内的材料上。 该材料通过闸门（60）被引入到可抽出的容器（1）中。 用于产生混合锥体（71）的快速循环工具（30）设置在容器（1）的上部内部部分（68）和下部内部部分（69）之间。 在构成用于热均质化的加热的塑料材料的停留空间的下部内部部分（69）内，还设置有循环工具（31），然而这些工具仅仅是混合工具，而不需要大量的动力， 使得在该停留空间内避免了塑料材料的聚集。

公开(公告)号：US20080197519A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-21

申请号：US11795455

申请日：2006-01-12

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

IPC分类号： B29B9/06

CPC分类号： B29C48/387 ,  B29B9/06 ,  B29C48/05 ,  B29C48/37

摘要： A strand shaping part for connecting an extruder (1) to a granulating system has a number of supply channels (8) that can be flow-connected to the outlet (5) of the extruder (1). These supply channels lead to gear pumps (21) which have a delivery behaviour that is as constant as possible and with which the flow of melt to channels (11) can be blocked during start up. A single channel (11) leads from each gear pump (21) to a strand die (9) that can be formed by holes of a perforated plate (10) which is connected to a perforated plate head (7). Several gear pumps (21) are driven by a common shaft (24).The method for starting a granulating system provided with a strand shaping part of the aforementioned type provides that the extruder (1) is first started until a sufficient pressure is built up at the inlet (27) of each gear pump (21). Once this pressure is reached, each gear pump (21) is started again. In an underwater granulating system, the granulating blades (12) are rotationally driven last (FIG. 1).

摘要翻译： 用于将挤出机（1）连接到造粒系统的股线成形部件具有可以与挤出机（1）的出口（5）流动连接的多个供给通道（8）。 这些供应通道导致齿轮泵（21），其具有尽可能恒定的输送性能，并且通道（11）的流动可以在启动期间被阻塞。 单个通道（11）从每个齿轮泵（21）引导到可通过连接到多孔板头（7）的多孔板（10）的孔形成的股线模头（9）。 几个齿轮泵（21）由公共轴（24）驱动。 用于启动具有上述类型的股线成形部分的造粒系统的方法提供了首先启动挤出机（1），直到在每个齿轮泵（21）的入口（27）处形成足够的压力。 一旦达到该压力，则再次启动每个齿轮泵（21）。 在水下造粒系统中，造粒叶片（12）最后旋转地驱动（图1）。

公开(公告)号：US20080023392A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-31

申请号：US11801818

申请日：2007-05-10

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin ,  Wolfgang Dreu

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin ,  Wolfgang Dreu

IPC分类号： B01D35/16

CPC分类号： B29C48/691 ,  B29C48/03 ,  B29C48/2554 ,  B29C48/268 ,  B29C48/273 ,  B29C48/55 ,  B29C48/69

摘要： A backflushable filtering apparatus for a molten material, particularly for a plastic melt, comprises a housing (1) in which a sieving arrangement (17) is provided which includes at least two sieving sections (16) separated from one another. The melt to be filtered is supplied to the sieving sections (16) through at least one distributor (3). The distributor (3) includes at least one control body (9) for backflushing which is moveable within a housing (53) that is provided with an inlet opening (4) for the material to be filtered. The control body (9), in a filtering position, unblocks the influx of material to be filtered to all sieving sections (16) through connection channels (23). However, in a backflushing position, the control body (9) interrupts the influx of material to the filtering section (16) to be backflushed and interconnects the connection channel (23) of the sieving section (16) flushed back with a discharge channel (28) located in the control body (9). At least the majority of the circumference of the control body (9) is surrounded by a distribution space (7) for the material to be filtered which is situated within its housing (53). The distribution space (7) is connectable through the connection channels (23) to all sieving sections (16) in communication with the distributor (3). Guiding channels (6) lead from the inlet opening (4) to the regions of the two front ends (61, 62) of the distribution space (7). These front ends (61, 62) are situated in the region of the outermost connection channels (23) or outside the region of all connection channels (23). The discharge channel (28), which leads away from the control body (9), may be caused to communicate with the connection channel (23) of the respective sieving section (16) to be flushed back through a flush back channel (27) of at least one cross-piece (14) of the control body (9) which overbridges the distribution space (7).

公开(公告)号：US07275857B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-02

申请号：US10513211

申请日：2003-05-03

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

IPC分类号： B01F7/26 ,  B29B7/44 ,  B29C67/02 ,  B29B17/00

CPC分类号： B01F7/00466 ,  B01F13/1011 ,  B29B13/10 ,  B29B17/0412 ,  B29B2017/048 ,  Y02W30/625

摘要： A device for treating plastics material, in particular thermoplastic plastics material, has a receiving container (1) which has a base (15) and lateral walls (14). In the receiving container at least [one] disc (17) is arranged close to the base (15), and is driven by a vertical shaft (18) so as to rotate about its axis and carries tools (22), as a result of which a circulating movement about the axis of the shaft (18) is imparted to the material present in the receiving container (1). At least one blade (26) which projects beyond the edge of the disc (17) in the direction towards the lateral wall (14) is fastened to the said edge of the disc (17) adjacent to the lateral wall (14). The blade is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane in such a way that the plastics material moved by the tool (22) or the tool carrier (16) during its circulation is given an upwardly directed movement component.

摘要翻译： 用于处理塑料材料，特别是热塑性塑料材料的装置具有接收容器（1），其具有基座（15）和侧壁（14）。 在接收容器中，至少一个盘（17）布置成靠近基座（15），并且由垂直轴（18）驱动以围绕其轴线旋转并且携带工具（22），结果 其中围绕轴（18）的轴线的循环运动被赋予存在于接收容器（1）中的材料。 沿着朝向侧壁（14）的方向突出超过盘（17）的边缘的至少一个叶片（26）被紧固到邻近侧壁（14）的盘（17）的所述边缘。 叶片相对于水平面倾斜，使得在其循环期间由工具（22）或工具架（16）移动的塑料材料被给予向上指向的运动部件。

公开(公告)号：US07108500B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-19

申请号：US10853998

申请日：2004-05-25

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

IPC分类号： B28B17/02

CPC分类号： C08J11/06 ,  B29B13/06 ,  B29B17/00 ,  B29B2017/048 ,  B29C47/0011 ,  B29C47/0057 ,  B29C47/0894 ,  B29C47/92 ,  B29C2791/001 ,  B29C2947/922 ,  B29C2947/92428 ,  B29C2947/92514 ,  B29C2947/92561 ,  B29C2947/92704 ,  B29C2947/92895 ,  B29C2947/92914 ,  B29K2067/00 ,  C08J2367/02 ,  Y02P70/263 ,  Y02W30/62 ,  Y02W30/625 ,  Y02W30/701

摘要： Within a process for recycling of PET-material and/or objects of PET, the PET-material to be processed is heated and dried in the course of a pre-treatment step and simultaneously is crystallized at elevated temperature. This pre-treatment step is followed by a main-treatment step under vacuum. In this main-treatment step, the processed material is again dried and crystallized at a temperature that is higher than the temperature of the pre-treatment step. Preferably, also in the main-treatment step no plasticizing of the material takes place; the plasticizing or, respectively, melting of the material takes place only after the main-processing step.An apparatus for performing this process comprises a pre-processing device (3) in which the processed material is dried and simultaneously crystallized at elevated temperature, and, if desired, is also comminuted. A main-processing device (4) is connected to this pre-processing device (3), in which main-processing device the supplied PET-material is dried, crystallized and heated to a temperature that is higher than the temperature within the pre-treatment device.

摘要翻译： 在PET材料和/或PET物体的再循环过程中，将待处理的PET材料在预处理步骤的过程中加热和干燥，同时在升高的温度下结晶。 该预处理步骤之后是真空下的主要处理步骤。 在该主处理步骤中，将处理后的材料再次干燥并在比预处理步骤的温度高的温度下结晶。 优选地，在主处理步骤中也不会发生材料的塑化; 材料的塑化或分别熔化仅在主加工步骤之后进行。 用于执行该方法的装置包括预处理装置（3），其中处理的材料被干燥并且在升高的温度下同时结晶，并且如果需要的话也被粉碎。 主处理装置（4）连接到该预处理装置（3），其中所提供的PET材料被干燥，结晶并加热到比预处理装置（3）内的温度高的温度的主处理装置， 治疗装置。

公开(公告)号：US06883953B1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-26

申请号：US10130814

申请日：2000-09-29

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

IPC分类号： B29B7/42 ,  B29B17/00 ,  B29B17/04 ,  B29C31/00 ,  B29C47/10 ,  B29K105/26 ,  B29B7/44

CPC分类号： B29C47/1054 ,  B29B17/0026 ,  B29B2017/048 ,  B29C47/0009 ,  B29C47/1063 ,  B29C47/385 ,  B29C47/6018 ,  Y02W30/62 ,  Y02W30/625

摘要： An apparatus for pre-processing and subsequent plastification or agglomeration of synthetic plastic materials, in particular thermoplastic waste plastics for recycling purposes, has a receptacle (1) in which at least one comminuting tool (6) circulates. The housing (7) of a screw (8) is connected to the receptacle (1). The diameter (D) of the receptacle (1) has the following relationship to the screw diameter (d): D=10.{square root over (K.d2)}, wherein D is the inner diameter of the receptacle in mm, d is the screw diameter in mm and K is a dimension-less constant which amounts to at least 190. Thereby the dwell times of the synthetic plastic material within the receptacle (1) are kept at optimal values.

摘要翻译： 用于预处理和随后的合成塑料材料（特别是用于回收目的的热塑性废塑料）的塑化或附聚的装置具有其中至少一个粉碎工具（6）循环的容器（1）。 螺钉（8）的壳体（7）连接到容器（1）。 容器（1）的直径（D）与螺杆直径（d）具有以下关系：<？in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“lead”？> D = 10。 平方根（Kd <2>）}，其中<？in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“tail”？> D是插座的内径，单位为mm， d是以mm为单位的螺杆直径，K为至少190的无尺寸常数。由此，将容器（1）内的合成塑料材料的停留时间保持在最佳值。

公开(公告)号：US5882558A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US758214

申请日：1996-11-27

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

IPC分类号： C08J9/30 ,  B29B9/00 ,  B29B9/06 ,  B29B17/00 ,  B29B17/02 ,  B29B17/04 ,  B29C67/20 ,  B29K105/04 ,  B29K105/26 ,  C08J11/04 ,  B29C47/92

CPC分类号： B29B17/0005 ,  B29B17/02 ,  B29C47/92 ,  B29B2017/048 ,  B29C2947/92019 ,  B29C2947/92466 ,  B29C2947/92514 ,  B29C2947/9259 ,  B29C2947/92885 ,  B29C2947/92961 ,  B29K2025/00 ,  B29K2105/04 ,  Y02W30/62 ,  Y02W30/622 ,  Y02W30/625 ,  Y10S264/916

摘要： In a process for recycling of gas-containing synthetic plastics material, this material at first is comminuted, molten, degased and filtered. The degased synthetic plastics material is supplied in the same plant before its solidification for gas introduction, and in order to homogenize the gas content, the gas amount introduced into the synthetic plastics material per time unit is controlled in dependence from the synthetic plastics material amount supplied per time unit to the gas introduction, and preferably the pressure of the synthetic plastics material to which gas is to be added, is kept almost constant. The apparatus suitable for performing this process comprises an extruder (12,13) for plasticizing and degasing the synthetic plastics material, the outlet (15) thereof is connected by means of at least one line (16) to a mixer (25), to which also a device (29) for supplying gas is connected. A melt pump (23) for the synthetic plastics material is inserted into the line (16) and the amount of melt delivered by this pump is used as a command variable for the gas supply, for which a device (29) is provided that is controlled by a control unit (22) proportional to the speed of the melt pump (23) (FIG. 1).

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / AT93 / 00073 Sec。 371日期：1994年8月19日 102（e）日期1994年8月19日PCT提交1993年4月26日PCT公布。 公开号WO93 / 22119 日期1993年11月11日在含气合成塑料材料的回收方法中，该材料首先被粉碎，熔融，脱气和过滤。 脱气的合成塑料材料在其进行气体固化之前在相同的设备中供应，为了均匀化气体含量，根据所提供的合成塑料材料量，每时间单位引入合成塑料材料的气体量被控制 气体导入的时间单位，优选将要添加气体的合成塑料的压力保持几乎恒定。 适于执行该方法的装置包括用于塑化和脱胶合成塑料材料的挤出机（12,13），其出口（15）通过至少一条线路（16）连接到混合器（25），至 还连接有用于供应气体的装置（29）。 将用于合成塑料材料的熔体泵（23）插入到管线（16）中，并且由该泵输送的熔体的量用作供气装置（29）的指令变量，为此， 由与熔体泵（23）（图1）的速度成比例的控制单元（22）控制。

公开(公告)号：US5783225A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-21

申请号：US950111

申请日：1997-10-16

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

IPC分类号： B29B17/04 ,  B29C47/58 ,  B29B13/00

CPC分类号： B29B17/04 ,  B29C47/585 ,  B29B2017/048 ,  B29C47/0021 ,  Y02W30/625

摘要： An apparatus for plasticizing thermoplastic synthetic plastics material includes a screw (13) which rotates within a housing (12) and plasticizes the synthetic plastics material which is supplied by a supply mechanism (27) through an intake opening (10) of the housing (12) of the screw (13). The housing (12) of the screw (13) is provided on its inner wall with at least two wide pockets (23,24). These pockets (23,24) extend in longitudinal direction of the screw (13) and are separated from each other by ribs (25,26) which are narrow, when compared with the width of the pockets. One pocket (24) is open towards the intake opening (10), the other pockets (23) are closed by at least one rib (25,26) of the housing (12) of the screw (13) with respect to the intake opening (10). In order to improve filling of the screw (13), the supply mechanism (27) for the synthetic plastics material to be treated cooperates with the screw (13). This supply mechanism (27) stuffs the synthetic plastics material into the intake opening (10) of the housing (12) of the screw (13) with a component of motion which is directed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the screw (13). When seen in direction of rotation of the screw (13), the depth of the pocket (24) which is open with respect to the intake opening (10), is at least constant. Alternatively thereto or in combination therewith, at least one rib (25,26) may be adjustable in order to enable one to change the take-up behavior of the screw (13) with respect to the synthetic plastics material to be treated.

摘要翻译： 用于塑化热塑性合成塑料材料的装置包括在壳体（12）内旋转的螺钉（13），并且通过供给机构（27）供应的合成塑料材料通过壳体（12）的进气口（10）塑化 ）的螺钉（13）。 螺钉（13）的壳体（12）在其内壁上设置有至少两个宽的口袋（23,24）。 这些袋（23,24）在螺钉（13）的纵向方向上延伸，并且当与袋的宽度相比时，通过狭窄的肋（25,26）彼此分离。 一个口袋（24）朝向进气口（10）打开，另一个袋（23）由螺杆（13）的壳体（12）的至少一个肋（25,26）相对于进气口 开（10）。 为了改善螺钉（13）的填充，用于待处理的合成塑料材料的供应机构（27）与螺钉（13）配合。 该供给机构（27）将合成塑料材料以与螺钉（13）的纵向轴线相垂直的运动部件填充到螺钉（13）的壳体（12）的进气口（10）中。 当沿着螺杆（13）的旋转方向观察时，相对于进气口（10）打开的口袋（24）的深度至少是恒定的。 替代地或与其组合，至少一个肋（25,26）可以是可调节的，以便能够改变螺杆（13）相对于待处理的合成塑料材料的卷取行为。

公开(公告)号：US5526991A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US351354

申请日：1994-12-09

申请人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

发明人： Helmut Bacher ,  Helmuth Schulz ,  Georg Wendelin

IPC分类号： B01F13/10 ,  B02C18/04 ,  B02C18/14 ,  B29B13/10 ,  B29B17/00 ,  B29B17/04 ,  B29C47/10 ,  B29C47/40 ,  B29C47/66 ,  B29C47/82 ,  B29K105/26 ,  B30B11/24 ,  B02C18/16

CPC分类号： B01F13/1047 ,  B02C18/142 ,  B29C47/10 ,  B29C47/6037 ,  B29C47/6056 ,  B29C47/788 ,  B29C47/822 ,  B30B11/248 ,  B29C47/0009 ,  B29C47/1009 ,  B29K2105/26

摘要： An apparatus for plasticizing thermoplastic synthetic plastics material, in particular scrap material, comprises a plasticizing screw (18) bearingly supported within a housing (21), to which screw the synthetic plastics material to be plasticized is supplied through a feed opening (16). At this feed opening (16) a comminuting means in the form of two shafts (3, 4) disposed parallel to each other and parallel to the axis of the screw (18) is provided, each of the shafts (3, 4) being provided with a plurality of pinned-up disk-shaped comminuting tools (8). Between each two neighboring comminuting tools (8) a circular spacer disk (9) is disposed and stationary knives (11) engage into the gaps between adjoining comminuting tools (8), the flanks (15) of which knives extend tangentially with respect to the periphery (13) of the spacer disks (9). The two shafts (3, 4) are driven with different speeds and the knives constituted by the comminuting tools (8) comminute the synthetic plastics material and press it into the volutions of the screw (18). This results in a construction which is reliable in operation and comminutes the synthetic plastics material effectively.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / AT93 / 00098 Sec。 371日期1994年12月9日第 102（e）日期1994年12月9日PCT提交1993年6月8日PCT公布。 公开号WO93 / 25312 PCT 日本1993年12月23日。用于塑化热塑性合成塑料材料，特别是废料的装置包括承载在壳体（21）内的增塑螺杆（18），待塑化的合成塑料材料通过 进料口（16）。 在该进料口（16）处，设置有彼此平行设置且平行于螺杆（18）的轴线的两个轴（3,4）形式的粉碎装置，每个轴（3,4）为 设置有多个固定盘形粉碎工具（8）。 在每个两个相邻的粉碎工具（8）之间，设置有圆形间隔盘（9），并且静止刀具（11）接合在相邻的粉碎工具（8）之间的间隙中，其刀刃（15）相对于 间隔盘（9）的周边（13）。 两个轴（3,4）以不同的速度驱动，并且由粉碎工具（8）构成的刀子粉碎合成塑料材料并将其压入螺杆（18）的压力。 这样可以实现运行可靠的结构，有效地粉碎合成塑料。