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    Sensor for Measuring the Concentration of a Solvent or Solute in a Mixed Solution System
    1.
    发明申请
    Sensor for Measuring the Concentration of a Solvent or Solute in a Mixed Solution System 有权
    用于测量混合溶液系统中溶剂或溶质浓度的传感器

    公开(公告)号：US20110291676A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-12-01

    申请号：US13147025

    申请日：2010-02-05

    申请人： Jun Shen ,  Caikang (Elton) Gu ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Haijiang Wang

    发明人： Jun Shen ,  Caikang (Elton) Gu ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Haijiang Wang

    IPC分类号： G01R27/26

    CPC分类号： G01N27/22

    摘要： The invention described relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of a low molecular weight alcohol, in an aqueous liquid feed solution, comprising a first sensor including a hydrophilic capillary tube having an inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a first capacitor, a second sensor including a hydrophobic capillary tube having the same inner diameter as a capillary tube of the first sensor; said hydrophobic capillary tube having a hydrophobic coating on the inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a second capacitor, wherein the first hydrophilic and second hydrophobic sensors are dipped to the same depth in the aqueous solution to measure the solution concentration, means for measuring the capacitance of the two capacitors, and control means including a control circuit driven by a computer, wherein the difference in capacitance between the two capacitors is a measure of the concentration of the solution, independent of the depth of dipping of the two capacitors in the aqueous solution. In another embodiment, a single hydrophilic sensor is employed.

    摘要翻译： 所描述的本发明涉及一种在水性液体进料溶液中测量低分子量醇的浓度的装置和方法，该装置和方法包括：第一传感器，包括具有内径的亲水性毛细管，设置在两个电极之间以形成第一 电容器，第二传感器，包括具有与第一传感器的毛细管相同的内径的疏水性毛细管; 所述疏水性毛细管在内径上具有疏水性涂层，设置在两个电极之间以形成第二电容器，其中第一亲水和第二疏水传感器浸入水溶液中相同的深度以测量溶液浓度， 测量两个电容器的电容，以及包括由计算机驱动的控制电路的控制装置，其中两个电容器之间的电容差是测量溶液的浓度，而与两个电容器的浸入深度无关 水溶液。 在另一个实施方案中，使用单个亲水性传感器。

    Electrochemical fuel cell with an electrode having an in-plane nonuniform structure
    3.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical fuel cell with an electrode having an in-plane nonuniform structure 有权
    电化学燃料电池，其电极具有平面不均匀的结构

    公开(公告)号：US06924057B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-08-02

    申请号：US10072813

    申请日：2002-02-08

    申请人： David P. Wilkinson ,  Peter R. Gibb

    发明人： David P. Wilkinson ,  Peter R. Gibb

    IPC分类号： H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/24 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M4/86

    CPC分类号： H01M8/0245 ,  H01M8/0239 ,  H01M8/0258 ,  H01M8/0267 ,  H01M8/241

    摘要： In an improved electrochemical fuel cell assembly, a reactant flow path extends substantially linearly across the electrochemically active area of an electrode. The electrode has an in-plane nonuniform structure in its electrochemically active area as the active area is traversed in the direction of the substantially linear reactant flow path. Embodiments in which the structure of the fuel cell electrode varies substantially symmetrically along the reactant flow path are particularly preferred in fuel cells in which the flow direction of a reactant is periodically reversed.

    摘要翻译： 在改进的电化学燃料电池组件中，反应物流动路径基本上线性延伸穿过电极的电化学活性区域。 电极在其电化学活性区域中具有面内不均匀的结构，因为有源区域沿着基本上线性的反应物流动路径的方向穿过。 其中燃料电池电极的结构沿着反应物流动路径大致对称地变化的实施例在其中反应物的流动方向周期性地反转的燃料电池中是特别优选的。

    Fuel cell anode structures for voltage reversal tolerance
    5.
    发明授权
    Fuel cell anode structures for voltage reversal tolerance 有权
    用于电压反转公差的燃料电池阳极结构

    公开(公告)号：US06517962B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-02-11

    申请号：US09585696

    申请日：2000-06-01

    申请人： Shanna D. Knights ,  Jared L. Taylor ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  David S. Wainwright

    发明人： Shanna D. Knights ,  Jared L. Taylor ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  David S. Wainwright

    IPC分类号： H01M800

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04559 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/9075 ,  H01M4/9083 ,  H01M4/925 ,  H01M4/926 ,  H01M8/04119 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M8/04582 ,  H01M8/04671 ,  H01M8/04902 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/1007 ,  H01M10/4235 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2300/0005 ,  H01M2300/0082

    摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in a fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal by other cells in the series stack. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel (for example, fuel starvation). In order to pass current during fuel starvation, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by promoting water electrolysis over anode component oxidation at the anode. This can be accomplished by enhancing the presence of water in the anode catalyst layer through modifications to the anode structure or anode composition near or in the catalyst layer. For instance, water electrolysis during voltage reversal is promoted through the use of different or additional ionomer, polytetrafluoroethylene, or graphite in the anode catalyst layer, or through the use of certain sublayers between the anode catalyst layer and the anode substrate.

    摘要翻译： 在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况可能导致燃料电池被串联堆叠中的其他电池驱动成电压反转。 例如，如果该电池接收到不足的燃料供应（例如，燃料不足），则可能发生电池电压反转。 为了在燃料不足期间通过电流，燃料氧化以外的反应可能发生在燃料电池阳极，包括水电解和阳极组件的氧化。 后者可能导致阳极的显着降解。 通过在阳极上的阳极组分氧化促进水电解，可以使这种燃料电池更容忍电池逆转。 这可以通过在催化剂层附近或催化剂层中改变阳极结构或阳极组合来增强阳极催化剂层中的水的存在来实现。 例如，通过在阳极催化剂层中使用不同的或附加的离聚物，聚四氟乙烯或石墨，或通过使用阳极催化剂层和阳极基底之间的某些子层来促进电压反转期间的水电解。