公开(公告)号：US08988085B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

申请号：US13147025

申请日：2010-02-05

Applicant: Jun Shen ,  Caikang (Elton) Gu ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Haijiang Wang

Inventor： Jun Shen ,  Caikang (Elton) Gu ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Haijiang Wang

IPC: G01N27/22

CPC classification number: G01N27/22

Abstract: The invention described relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of a low molecular weight alcohol, in an aqueous liquid feed solution, comprising a first sensor including a hydrophilic capillary tube having an inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a first capacitor, a second sensor including a hydrophobic capillary tube having the same inner diameter as a capillary tube of the first sensor; said hydrophobic capillary tube having a hydrophobic coating on the inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a second capacitor, wherein the first hydrophilic and second hydrophobic sensors are dipped to the same depth in the aqueous solution to measure the solution concentration, means for measuring the capacitance of the two capacitors, and control means including a control circuit driven by a computer, wherein the difference in capacitance between the two capacitors is a measure of the concentration of the solution, independent of the depth of dipping of the two capacitors in the aqueous solution. In another embodiment, a single hydrophilic sensor is employed.

Abstract translation: 所描述的本发明涉及一种在水性液体进料溶液中测量低分子量醇的浓度的装置和方法，该装置和方法包括：第一传感器，包括具有内径的亲水性毛细管，设置在两个电极之间以形成第一 电容器，第二传感器，包括具有与第一传感器的毛细管相同的内径的疏水性毛细管; 所述疏水性毛细管在内径上具有疏水性涂层，设置在两个电极之间以形成第二电容器，其中第一亲水和第二疏水传感器浸入水溶液中相同的深度以测量溶液浓度， 测量两个电容器的电容，以及包括由计算机驱动的控制电路的控制装置，其中两个电容器之间的电容差是测量溶液的浓度，而与两个电容器的浸入深度无关 水溶液。 在另一个实施方案中，使用单个亲水性传感器。

公开(公告)号：US06472090B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-29

申请号：US09344763

申请日：1999-06-25

Applicant: Kevin Michael Colbow ,  Marian van der Geest ,  Cindy J. Longley ,  Jens Müller ,  Joy Roberts ,  Jean St-Pierre ,  Peter Urban ,  Regina Wezel ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Jiujun Zhang

Inventor： Kevin Michael Colbow ,  Marian van der Geest ,  Cindy J. Longley ,  Jens Müller ,  Joy Roberts ,  Jean St-Pierre ,  Peter Urban ,  Regina Wezel ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Jiujun Zhang

IPC: H01M804

CPC classification number: H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/0267 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04679 ,  H01M8/04925 ,  H01M8/241 ,  H01M8/2457 ,  H01M8/2483 ,  H01M2300/0082

Abstract: An electrochemical fuel cell is operated with periodic reactant starvation at either or both electrodes. Periodic reactant starvation conditions cause a change in the potential of the starved electrode and may result in the removal of electrocatalyst poisons and in improved fuel cell performance. This technique may have other beneficial effects at the electrodes, including performance improvements due to water management effects or localized heating effects at the starved electrode. In a preferred method, while successive localized portions of a fuel cell electrode are periodically reactant starved, the remainder of the fuel cell electrode remains electrochemically active and saturated with reactant such that the fuel cell is able to continue to generate power.

Abstract translation: 电化学燃料电池在电极中的任一个或两个电极处周期性的反应物饥饿运行。 周期性反应物饥饿条件导致饥饿电极的电位发生变化，并可能导致电催化剂毒物的消除和改进的燃料电池性能。 该技术可能在电极处具有其他有益效果，包括由于在饥饿电极处的水管理效应或局部加热效应引起的性能改善。 在优选的方法中，虽然燃料电池电极的连续局部部分周期性地反应性不足，但燃料电池电极的其余部分保持电化学活性并用反应物饱和，使得燃料电池能够继续发电。

公开(公告)号：US20110291676A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-01

申请号：US13147025

申请日：2010-02-05

Applicant: Jun Shen ,  Caikang (Elton) Gu ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Haijiang Wang

Inventor： Jun Shen ,  Caikang (Elton) Gu ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Haijiang Wang

IPC: G01R27/26

CPC classification number: G01N27/22

Abstract: The invention described relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of a low molecular weight alcohol, in an aqueous liquid feed solution, comprising a first sensor including a hydrophilic capillary tube having an inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a first capacitor, a second sensor including a hydrophobic capillary tube having the same inner diameter as a capillary tube of the first sensor; said hydrophobic capillary tube having a hydrophobic coating on the inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a second capacitor, wherein the first hydrophilic and second hydrophobic sensors are dipped to the same depth in the aqueous solution to measure the solution concentration, means for measuring the capacitance of the two capacitors, and control means including a control circuit driven by a computer, wherein the difference in capacitance between the two capacitors is a measure of the concentration of the solution, independent of the depth of dipping of the two capacitors in the aqueous solution. In another embodiment, a single hydrophilic sensor is employed.

Abstract translation: 所描述的本发明涉及一种在水性液体进料溶液中测量低分子量醇的浓度的装置和方法，该装置和方法包括：第一传感器，包括具有内径的亲水性毛细管，设置在两个电极之间以形成第一 电容器，第二传感器，包括具有与第一传感器的毛细管相同的内径的疏水性毛细管; 所述疏水性毛细管在内径上具有疏水性涂层，设置在两个电极之间以形成第二电容器，其中第一亲水和第二疏水传感器浸入水溶液中相同的深度以测量溶液浓度， 测量两个电容器的电容，以及包括由计算机驱动的控制电路的控制装置，其中两个电容器之间的电容差是测量溶液的浓度，而与两个电容器的浸入深度无关 水溶液。 在另一个实施方案中，使用单个亲水性传感器。

公开(公告)号：US06187467B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-13

申请号：US09222507

申请日：1998-12-29

Applicant: Jiujun Zhang ,  Kevin M. Colbow ,  David P. Wilkinson

Inventor： Jiujun Zhang ,  Kevin M. Colbow ,  David P. Wilkinson

IPC: H01M486

CPC classification number: H01M4/8817 ,  H01M4/8807 ,  H01M4/8828 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  H01M2300/0082 ,  Y02E60/523

Abstract: Liquid feed fuel cell performance can be increased by impregnating electrode substrates with a proton conducting ionomer prior to incorporation of the electrocatalyst, and optionally also after application of the electrocatalyst. Ionomer impregnation is particularly effective for direct methanol fuel cell anodes that comprise carbonaceous substrates.

Abstract translation: 液体进料燃料电池性能可以通过在引入电催化剂之前用质子导电离子交联聚合物浸渍电极基质，以及任选地也可以在施加电催化剂之后来提高。 离子聚合物浸渍对于包含碳质底物的直接甲醇燃料电池阳极是特别有效的。

公开(公告)号：US06884530B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-26

申请号：US09871039

申请日：2001-05-31

Applicant: Kevin Colbow ,  Monica Manmohan Kaila ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  Jens Müller ,  Gustav Boehm

Inventor： Kevin Colbow ,  Monica Manmohan Kaila ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  Jens Müller ,  Gustav Boehm

IPC: H01M4/86 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/10 ,  H01M8/24 ,  H01M16/00

CPC classification number: H01M8/043 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  H01M8/241 ,  H01M8/249 ,  H01M16/006 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2300/0082 ,  Y02E60/523

Abstract: The performance of a direct feed fuel cell such as, for example, a direct methanol fuel cell, with an anode having a CO-tolerant catalyst, such as a Pt—Ru catalyst, is improved by periodically reducing the output power of the cell to be less than the normal minimum output of the cell. This is effected, for example, by switching the cell at predetermined time intervals to an open circuit or reduced output power condition.

Abstract translation: 直接进料燃料电池（例如直接甲醇燃料电池）与具有耐CO 2催化剂的阳极（例如Pt-Ru催化剂）的性能通过周期性地将电池的输出功率降低到 小于电池的正常最小输出。 这是通过例如以预定的时间间隔将单元切换到开路或降低的输出功率条件来实现的。

公开(公告)号：US20070264550A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-15

申请号：US11694627

申请日：2007-03-30

Applicant: Lei Zhang ,  Hansan Liu ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  Debabrata Ghosh ,  Joey Jung ,  Bruce Downing

Inventor： Lei Zhang ,  Hansan Liu ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  Debabrata Ghosh ,  Joey Jung ,  Bruce Downing

IPC: H01M4/00 ,  B05D5/12

CPC classification number: H01M8/0245 ,  H01M4/8657 ,  H01M4/8807 ,  H01M4/8828 ,  H01M4/9008 ,  H01M4/9083 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/926 ,  H01M8/0232 ,  H01M8/0234 ,  H01M8/1007 ,  H01M2004/8689 ,  Y02P70/56

Abstract: An air-diffusion cathode and methods to make the same. The product and method comprise treating the metal substrate, applying multiple pastes containing catalyst, carbon powder, hydrophilic and hydrophobic property chemicals onto a metal substrate for cathodes in fuel cells, in which the metal substrate has a mesh or foam structure.

Abstract translation: 空气扩散阴极及其制造方法。 该产品和方法包括处理金属基材，将多种含有催化剂，碳粉，亲水和疏水性质的化学药剂涂覆在金属基材上用于燃料电池中的阴极，其中金属基材具有网状或泡沫结构。

公开(公告)号：US06864001B2

公开(公告)日：2005-03-08

申请号：US10243984

申请日：2002-09-13

Applicant: Jiujun Zhang ,  Kevin Colbow

Inventor： Jiujun Zhang ,  Kevin Colbow

IPC: H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/10

CPC classification number: H01M8/1009 ,  H01M8/04186

Abstract: Fuel cells are disclosed that operate directly on fuel streams comprising tetramethyl orthocarbonate in which tetramethyl orthocarbonate is directly oxidized at the anode and, more particularly, to solid polymer fuel cells operating directly on liquid fuel streams comprising tetramethyl orthocarbonate. Also disclosed are methods relating thereto.

Abstract translation: 公开了燃料电池，其直接在包含四甲基原碳酸酯的燃料流中操作，其中原碳酸四甲酯在阳极处直接氧化，更具体地，涉及直接在包含原碳酸四甲酯的液体燃料流上操作的固体聚合物燃料电池。 还公开了与之相关的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06527943B1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-04

申请号：US09435977

申请日：1999-11-08

Applicant: Jiujun Zhang ,  Kevin M. Colbow ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Jens Müller

Inventor： Jiujun Zhang ,  Kevin M. Colbow ,  David P. Wilkinson ,  Jens Müller

IPC: G01N27406

CPC classification number: G01N27/4045 ,  H01M8/04194

Abstract: The measuring range of a fuel cell based concentration sensor can be extended by decreasing the load across the fuel cell terminals and by increasing the amount of oxidant supplied to the fuel cell. In this way, such a sensor avoids saturation, for example, when measuring methanol concentrations from 0 M to over 4 M in liquid aqueous solution. Such a sensor is suitable for use in measuring fuel concentrations in the recirculating fuel stream of certain fuel cell stacks (for example, direct methanol fuel cell stacks).

Abstract translation: 基于燃料电池的浓度传感器的测量范围可以通过减少燃料电池端子两端的负载和增加供给到燃料电池的氧化剂的量来延长。 以这种方式，这种传感器避免饱和，例如在液体水溶液中测量从0M至超过4M的甲醇浓度时。 这种传感器适用于测量某些燃料电池堆（例如直接甲醇燃料电池堆）的再循环燃料流中的燃料浓度。

公开(公告)号：US20110082024A1

公开(公告)日：2011-04-07

申请号：US12997262

申请日：2009-05-28

Applicant: Hansan Liu ,  Jiujun Zhang

Inventor： Hansan Liu ,  Jiujun Zhang

IPC: B01J21/18 ,  C01B31/02 ,  B01J37/34 ,  B32B5/16 ,  B01J35/00 ,  B82Y40/00

CPC classification number: H01M4/587 ,  A61K9/51 ,  A61K47/02 ,  B01J20/20 ,  B01J20/28019 ,  B01J20/28057 ,  B01J20/28078 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01B3/0021 ,  C01B32/00 ,  H01G11/24 ,  H01G11/42 ,  H01M4/926 ,  H01M8/04216 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  Y02E60/13 ,  Y02E60/325 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y10T428/2982

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to porous carbon of spherical morphology having tuned porosity and to a method of making same, comprising: (a) providing a precursor solution, by combining in an aqueous solution a colloidal silica template material and a water-soluble pyrolyzable carbon source, wherein the particle size of the colloidal silica template and the colloidal silica/carbon source weight ratio are controlled, (b) atomizing the precursor solution into small droplets by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (c) directing the droplets into a high temperature furnace operating at a temperature of 700-1200° C., under an inert gas atmosphere, where the droplets are transformed into solid spherical composite carbon/silica particles, (d) collecting the resulting composite carbon/silica particles exiting from the furnace, and (e) removing the silica from the particles, to provide substantially pure porous carbon of spherical morphology having tuned porosity defined by surface area and pore size. The porous carbon according to the invention is used as catalyst supports in PEM fuel cells, as electrodes in supercapacitors and lithium in batteries, for hydrogen storage and as earners for drug delivering.

Abstract translation: 所公开的发明涉及具有调谐孔隙率的球形形态的多孔碳及其制造方法，包括：（a）通过在水溶液中混合胶体二氧化硅模板材料和水溶性可热解碳源提供前体溶液 ，其中控制胶体二氧化硅模板的粒度和胶体二氧化硅/碳源重量比，（b）通过超声喷雾热解将前体溶液雾化成小液滴（c）将液滴引导到在 温度为700-1200℃，在惰性气体气氛下，其中液滴转化为固体球形复合碳/二氧化硅颗粒，（d）收集从炉排出的所得复合碳/二氧化硅颗粒，和（e）除去 提供来自颗粒的二氧化硅，以提供具有由表面积和孔径限定的调谐孔隙的基本上纯的球形形状的多孔碳。 根据本发明的多孔碳用作PEM燃料电池中的催化剂载体，作为超级电容器中的电极和电池中的锂，用于氢存储和用于药物递送的收集器。

公开(公告)号：US20070108045A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-17

申请号：US11430724

申请日：2006-05-08

Applicant: Colin Oloman ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  Jielin Song

Inventor： Colin Oloman ,  Jiujun Zhang ,  Jielin Song

IPC: C25B9/02

CPC classification number: C25B9/00 ,  A61M5/14526 ,  A61M2005/14204 ,  C25B1/00 ,  F16N11/10

Abstract: The invention provides methods and devices for the electrochemical generation of nitrogen from organic nitrogen compounds, such as hydrazides (RCONHNH2), the corresponding organic hydrazino-carboxylates (RCO2NHNH2) and amino-guanidine salts (e.g. aminoguanide bicarbonate H2NNHC (NH) NH2H2CO3). A variety of organic hydrazides and hydrazino-carboxylates may be used, and empirically tested for performance. For example, in the hydrazides and hydrazino-carboxylates “R” may be an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl group, in some embodiments methyl, ethyl, or benzyl. The alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups may be branched or unbranched, substituted or unsubstituted. The utility of such compounds may be routinely assayed in accordance with the guidance provided herein, including the Examples set out herein in which alternative nitrogen compounds may be substituted for routine test purposes.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了用于从有机氮化合物如酰肼（RCONHNH 2 H 2），相应的有机肼基羧酸盐（RCO 2 NHNH 2）的电化学生成氮的方法和装置， （例如氨基胍碳酸氢盐H 2 NH 3 NH（NH）NH 2 H 2 CO 2） SUB> 3 ）。 可以使用各种有机酰肼和肼基羧酸盐，并对其性能进行经验测试。 例如，在酰肼和肼基羧酸酯中，“R”可以是烷基，烯基，炔基或芳基，在一些实施方案中为甲基，乙基或苄基。 烷基，烯基和炔基可以是支链或非支链，取代或未取代的。 这些化合物的用途可以根据本文提供的指导进行常规测定，包括本文列出的实施例，其中替代的氮化合物可以代替常规的测试目的。