摘要:
A steam generator has a pressure casing formed in the shape of a drum. The longitudinal axis of this pressure casing is oriented horizontally or largely horizontally. A hollow tube (1) is formed in such a way that at least two hollow tube sections (1′) are provided, preferably a plurality of hollow tube sections which extend predominantly parallel to each other, and which are arranged in stack-form vertically or vertically offset above each other, and which in each case are interconnected in pairs at an end section, wherein this hollow tube is located in the vertical direction above the feed section (8).
摘要:
A heat recovery steam generator that includes a first steam drum for receiving a flow of water and steam from an evaporator. The first steam drum is adapted to provide the flow of water and steam to a second steam drum. The second steam drum is in fluid communication with the first steam drum and receives the flow of water and steam from the first steam drum and separates steam from the flow of water and steam to form a separated steam. There is a steam flow outlet positioned in the second steam drum, the steam flow outlet adapted to release the separated steam from the second steam drum.
摘要:
In a combined gas/steam power plant with a once-through forced-flow steam generator, a separation bottle (25) is connected between the evaporator (22) and the superheater (23). To clean the water/steam circuit, in the full-load or the part-load mode, a larger quantity of water than necessary is conveyed through the economizer (21) and the evaporator (22) via a feed pump (20). The quantity of water is selected such that wet steam passes into the separation bottle (25). This water fraction, together with all the impurities contained therein, is separated in the separation bottle and is drawn off via a clarifying line (29). Overfeeding can be regulated in such a way that the fresh steam temperature corresponds to the nominal value of the respective load point. When cleaning of the water/steam circuit is intended in the full-load mode, and without overfeeding the system, steam from a stage of incomplete evaporation can be extracted out of the evaporator and led into the separation bottle. During cold starting, the supercooled water passing via the evaporator (22) into the separation bottle (25) and, later, the water separated from the generated wet steam, are discarded via the clarifying line (29) until the desired purity in the water/steam circuit is reached.
摘要:
In a method for feed water control in waste heat steam generators, in particular drum boilers with a circulating pump (9) and drum boilers with natural circulation employed in combination power plants, wherein, by a three-component control by means of a superordinated level regulator (13) and a flow-through regulator (14) subordinated to the level regulator (13), the set value (S.sub.in) of the flow-through regulator (14) is displaced by the level regulator (13) in such a way that the level in the drum (6) is always regulated to the set value (S), regardless of interfering effects, the flow-through regulator (14) for the feed water flow (m.sub.s) is guided by the heat amount (Q.sub.AG) in the exhaust gas flow. The output signal of the flow-through regulator (14) for the feed water flow (m.sub.s) is limited, wherein as the function of the heat amount (Q.sub.AG) in the exhaust gas flow a selection is made between a limit value (m.sub.1) for the start-up operation and a limit value (m.sub.2) for normal control operation and the switch from (m.sub.1) to (m.sub.2) takes place via a time function element (16) with an idle time (T).
摘要翻译:在用于组合发电厂的废热蒸汽发生器,特别是具有循环泵(9)的鼓式锅炉和具有自然循环的鼓式锅炉的废热蒸汽发生器中的给水控制方法中,其中,通过以上级别的三分量控制 调节器(13)和从属于电平调节器(13)的流通调节器(14),流通调节器(14)的设定值(Sin)以这种方式被电平调节器(13)置换 无论干扰效果如何,鼓(6)中的水平总是被调节到设定值(S),用于给水流(+ E,点m + EE s)的流通调节器(14)被引导 通过废气流中的热量(+ E,点Q + EE AG)。 用于给水流量(ms)的流通调节器(14)的输出信号被限制,其中随着排气中的热量(+ E,点Q + EE AG)的功能的选择被做出 用于启动操作的极限值(+ E,点m + EE 1)和用于正常控制操作的极限值(+ E,点m + EE 2)和从(+ E,点m + EE 1)到(+ E,点m + EE 2)经由具有空闲时间(T)的时间函数元素(16)发生。
摘要:
A method involves operating a combined-cycle power plant (10), which has a gas turbine (11) with a compressor (12) and a turbine (13), a heat recovery steam generator (17) which is connected downstream to the gas turbine (11) and is for producing steam in a water/steam cycle, and also at least one once-through cooler (21), through which flows compressed air which is compressed in the compressor (12) and intended for cooling the gas turbine (11), and, cooling down, converts feed-water (24) which is fed from the heat recovery steam generator (17) into steam, and discharges the steam to the heat recovery steam generator (17). The combined-cycle power plant is switched between a first operating mode, in which only the gas turbine cycle is used for power generation, and a second operating mode, in which the gas turbine cycle and the water/steam cycle are used for power generation.
摘要:
A method of controlling stress in a boiler pressure vessel comprises limiting the diameter of a drum (10) of the boiler pressure vessel and preheating at least a portion of the wall (12) of the drum (10). Limiting the diameter of the drum (10) allows pressure in the drum (10) to be increased for a given mechanical stress. Furthermore, preheating the wall (12) of the drum (10) reduces peak thermally induced stresses in a material from which the drum (10) is fabricated.
摘要:
The cooling air cooler (10) for power plants of combined operation is designed as a helix steam generator which works on the countercurrent principle and is located in a vertically arranged cylindrical pressure vessel (23) and the spirally coiled tubes (30) of which fill the space between an inner (26) and an outer (41) jacket tube, water (12) being capable of being supplied to the tubes (30) via a conduit (32) and steam (14) being capable of being discharged from the tubes (30) via a conduit (33), the evaporating water (12) flowing through the helix from the bottom upward and the cooling air (11), capable of being supplied by the compressor (1) via an inflow conduit (24), flowing through the helix from the top downward, and the air (11) experiencing deflection before reaching an outflow conduit (25) at the lowest point in the pressure vessel (23) after flowing out of the helix. When the power plant is operating normally, the steam (14) generated in the cooling air cooler (10) is guided to the steam turbine (17) via the waste-heat boiler (15). For operating situations where the gas turbine works alone, water injection into the air (11) to be cooled or a supply of the steam (14) generated in the cooler (10) into the cooled air (13) is provided.
摘要:
A method is provided for operating a combined cycle power plant including a CO2 capture system and flue gas recirculation system. The method includes controlling a flue gas recirculation rate and a re-cooling temperature of the recirculated flue gases, depending on load, to optimize the overall plant efficiency including the CO2 capture system. Also provided is a combined cycle power plant including a CO2 capture system and flue gas recirculation system. The plant being configured to carry out a method in which a flue gas recirculation rate and a re-cooling temperature of recirculated flue gases is controlled depending on load to optimize the overall plant efficiency including the CO2 capture system.
摘要:
A method involves operating a combined-cycle power plant (10), which has a gas turbine (11) with a compressor (12) and a turbine (13), a heat recovery steam generator (17) which is connected downstream to the gas turbine (11) and is for producing steam in a water/steam cycle, and also at least one once-through cooler (21), through which flows compressed air which is compressed in the compressor (12) and intended for cooling the gas turbine (11), and, cooling down, converts feed-water (24) which is fed from the heat recovery steam generator (17) into steam, and discharges the steam to the heat recovery steam generator (17). The combined-cycle power plant is switched between a first operating mode, in which only the gas turbine cycle is used for power generation, and a second operating mode, in which the gas turbine cycle and the water/steam cycle are used for power generation.
摘要:
A method is provided for operating a combined cycle power plant including a CO2 capture system and flue gas recirculation system. The method includes controlling a flue gas recirculation rate and a re-cooling temperature of the recirculated flue gases, depending on load, to optimize the overall plant efficiency including the CO2 capture system. Also provided is a combined cycle power plant including a CO2 capture system and flue gas recirculation system. The plant being configured to carry out a method in which a flue gas recirculation rate and a re-cooling temperature of recirculated flue gases is controlled depending on load to optimize the overall plant efficiency including the CO2 capture system.