摘要:
Described is a method to make liquid chemicals. The method includes deconstructing cellulose to yield a product mixture comprising levulinic acid and formic acid, converting the levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone, and converting the γ-valerolactone to pentanoic acid. Alternatively, the γ-valerolactone can be converted to a mixture of n-butenes. The pentanoic acid can be decarboxylated yield 1-butene or ketonized to yield 5-nonanone. The 5-nonanone can be hydrodeoxygenated to yield nonane, or 5-nonanone can be reduced to yield 5-nonanol. The 5-nonanol can be dehydrated to yield nonene, which can be dimerized to yield a mixture of C9 and C18 olefins, which can be hydrogenated to yield a mixture of alkanes.
摘要:
Described is a method of making sorbic acid, pentadiene, or 3-penten-2-one. The method includes partially hydrogenating 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone (HMP) to yield 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (4-DHMMP). Then, if 3-penten-2-one is desired, thermally decomposing the 4-DHMMP to yield 3-penten-2-one. If sorbic acid or pentadiene are desired, the 4-DHMMP is hydrogenated to yield 4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2-pyrone (4-HMTHP). The 4-HMTHP is then dehydrated by contacting it with a solid acid catalyst to yield parasorbic acid (PSA). The PSA can then be ring-opened by contacting it with a solid acid catalyst. The reaction conditions of the ring-opening reaction can be controlled to yield sorbic acid and/or pentadiene.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for the deoxygenation of materials of biological origin and particularly to the removal of oxygen from biomass derived organic compounds with carbon monoxide, to yield linear and branched hydrocarbons suitable as biofuels or as blending stocks or components for biofuels, such as gas, gasoline, diesel fuel and aviation fuel, as well as solvents. The method comprises contacting a feedstock with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from a group consisting of ruthenium, manganese, rhodium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, molybdenum, copper, zinc, palladium, platinum and cobalt, in the presence of water, under alkaline conditions at a temperature from 150 to 350° C. and under a pressure from 0.1 to 150 bar, to produce hydrocarbons.
摘要:
This invention relates to a method of making an olefin from a dialkyl ether comprising (a) introducing an ether having a formula CxH2x+1CyH2y+1 into a thermal or catalytic cracking unit processing a hydrocarbon feedstock; and (b) decomposing at least a portion of the ether to form an olefin having a formula CxH2x and/or CyH2y and an alcohol having a formula CxH2x+1 and/or CyH2y+1OH, wherein x and y independently range from about 1 to about 30. This invention also relates to a method of reducing coking in a thermal or catalytic cracking unit comprising (a) introducing an ether, having a formula CxH2x+1OCyH2y+1, into the cracking unit processing a hydrocarbon feedstock in an amount effective to reduce coke formation relative to processing the hydrocarbon feedstock in the absence of the ether, wherein x and y independently range from about 1 to about 30.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及一种由二烷基醚制备烯烃的方法,该方法包括:(a)引入具有式C x 2 H 2 x + 1 C y的醚, / 2> 2y + 1< / 2>到处理烃原料的热或催化裂化装置; 和(b)分解至少一部分醚以形成具有式C x H 2 H 2和/或C y H的烯烃 2y和具有式C x H 2 x + 1和/或C y y H的醇, 2y + 1H OH,其中x和y独立地在约1至约30的范围内。本发明还涉及在热或催化裂化单元中还原焦化的方法,其包括(a)引入具有式 C x 2 x + 1 O 2 H 2 y + 1 N,进入裂化装置中处理烃原料 相对于在不存在醚的情况下相对于处理烃原料而有效降低焦炭形成的量,其中x和y独立地为约1至约30。
摘要:
A linear olefin is manufactured by contacting a fatty acid or ester with a catalyst comprising nickel and at least one metal from the group consisting of tin, germanium and lead at 200.degree.-400.degree. C.
摘要:
A process for making styrene by the cracking of beta-phenethyl acetate wherein the beta-phenethyl acetate is derived from the esterification of beta-phenethyl alcohol. The latter is derived from the homologation of benzyl alcohol-benzyl acetate mixtures. The esterification of the beta-phenethyl alcohol may be partial because it has been found that up to 20% by weight of beta-phenethyl alcohol may be fed to the cracking step and also converted to styrene. Benzyl alcohol and benzyl acetate can also be fed to the cracking step because it has been found that they are essentially inert at cracking conditions.
摘要:
A method for the conversion of an unsaturated compound having a functional group, characterized by contacting [1] at least one compound selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid esters, nitriles, ketones, amides, and ethers and having a carbon-to-carbon double bond and no unsaturation at the position conjugate to said double bond, or a mixture of said compound [1] and [2] at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethylenically unsaturated compounds having a carbon-to-carbon double bond and neither unsaturation at the position conjugate to said double bond nor a functional group, with a catalyst system consisting essentially of a combination of (A) at least one member selected from the group consisting of tungsten compounds, molybdenum compounds, and rhenium compounds, with (B) at least one organolaluminum compound having at least one carbon-to-aluminum bond.
摘要:
A method for producing isoprene which comprises reacting isobutene with a reactant selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, isoprene glycol and its acid esters at a molar ratio of isobutene to reactant of 1 : 1 to 10 : 1 in a medium of water or its mixture with t-butanol in a liquid phase at a temperature of from 110*C to 180*C and under autogenetic pressure in contact with a catalyst which is an acidic substance under said reaction conditions, the concentration of the catalyst being 1 to 5 % by weight. By such method, isoprene is produced in an excellent yield.