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公开(公告)号：US4393347A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-12
申请号：US175800
申请日：1980-08-06
申请人： Norman G. Looper
发明人： Norman G. Looper
CPC分类号： H03F3/45479 , G01R1/30 , G01R17/06
摘要： A circuit for reducing the amplitude of a common mode voltage across the inputs of a differential measuring instrument. The circuit comprises a voltage divider between each of the differential input terminals and the instrument zero reference point on one side, and between the instrument's zero reference point and the common mode voltage reference (usually earth) on the other side. A potentiometer forms the divider junction at the instrument reference point and is used to compensate for resistance value tolerances in the circuit and any imbalance in the input path impedances of the two differential inputs. The value of the voltage divider resistors are selected so as to bring the instrument reference point as close as possible to the level of the common mode voltage without unduly reducing the instrument input impedance.
摘要翻译： 用于减小差分测量仪器输入端的共模电压振幅的电路。 该电路包括在每个差分输入端子和一侧的仪器零参考点之间以及仪器的零参考点和另一侧的共模参考电压（通常为地线）之间的分压器。 电位器在仪器参考点处形成分压器结，用于补偿电路中的电阻值公差以及两个差分输入的输入通路阻抗的任何不平衡。 选择分压电阻的值，以使仪器参考点尽可能靠近共模电压的电平，而不会过度降低仪器输入阻抗。
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72.发明授权Preamplifier for voltage measuring instrument with non-interacting zero and span controls 失效前置放大器用于具有非相互作用的零和量程控制的电压测量仪器
公开(公告)号：US4315211A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-09
申请号：US126752
申请日：1980-03-03
申请人： Thomas J. Walsh
发明人： Thomas J. Walsh
CPC分类号： G01R15/005 , G01D3/024 , G01R1/30 , G01R15/08 , H03F3/68
摘要： A preamplifier circuit for a voltage measuring instrument which provides for noninteracting span and zero adjustments. Two voltage follower circuits are used. The first produces a current through the output resistor of the preamplifier proportional to the voltage being measured while the second produces a current through the output resistor proportional to a fixed reference voltage. For both amplifiers, the proportionality is adjustable by a potentiometer which modifies the feedback on the first amplifier and the part of the reference used as input to the second amplifier.
摘要翻译： 一种用于电压测量仪器的前置放大器电路，用于提供非相互作用的跨度和零点调整。 使用两个电压跟随器电路。 第一个通过前置放大器的输出电阻器产生电流，与正在测量的电压成比例，而第二个电流通过与固定参考电压成比例的输出电阻器产生电流。 对于两个放大器，比例可以通过一个电位器来调整，该电位器可以修改第一个放大器的反馈和用作第二个放大器的输入的参考部分。
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公开(公告)号：US4314146A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-02
申请号：US93925
申请日：1979-11-13
申请人： Jean-Claude Berney
发明人： Jean-Claude Berney
IPC分类号： G01D1/00 , G01D3/028 , G01D5/244 , G01D7/00 , G01D13/00 , G01R1/30 , G01R5/00 , G01R15/00 , G01R17/00 , G01R17/06 , G04C3/14 , G05B19/40 , G05D3/20 , G09F9/00
摘要： The analog display device comprises at least one needle driven through a gear wheel by a stepping motor, a control circuit for the motor, bidirectional counter locked with the position of the needle on a dial, the logic states of the outputs of the counter being representative of the position of the needle on the dial and a comparator for the informations delivered by the counter and the informations corresponding to the value of the function to display, the comparator acting at least indirectly on the control circuit and on the counter so that the position of the needle is representative of the value of the function to display. The device does not require any digital-analog converter nor galvanometer and it allows for, example, to display simultaneously with at least two needles the value of at least two different functions, to make changes of scale, and so on. The device may also be combined with another type of analog or digital display.
摘要翻译： 模拟显示装置包括通过步进电机驱动的齿轮的至少一个针，用于电动机的控制电路，双向计数器与针在表盘上的位置锁定，计数器的输出的逻辑状态代表 指针上的针位置以及由计数器传送的信息的比较器和对应于要显示的功能的值的信息，比较器至少间接地作用在控制电路上和在计数器上，使得位置 的针代表了显示功能的价值。 该设备不需要任何数字模拟转换器和电流计，并且允许例如至少两个针头同时显示至少两个不同功能的值，以便改变刻度，等等。 该装置还可以与另一类型的模拟或数字显示器组合。
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74.发明授权Instrument amplifier and load driver having offset elimination and common mode rejection 失效仪表放大器和负载驱动器具有偏移消除和共模抑制
公开(公告)号：US4138641A
公开(公告)日：1979-02-06
申请号：US788421
申请日：1977-04-18
CPC分类号： G01R1/30 , G01R19/0084 , H03F3/45479
摘要： The disclosure describes improved apparatus for driving a load, such as a meter, in proportion to a source voltage produced by a signal generator. The apparatus includes a non-differential gain stage for generating an amplified voltage between a gain stage output and one of the generator outputs. The non-differential gain stage is followed by a differential stage which generates a rereferenced voltage between the differential stage output and one of the load terminals. The rereferenced voltage is proportional to the amplified voltage and is substantially independent of any offset voltage between the one generator output and the one load terminal. By coupling the rereferenced voltage to the load, the load voltage is made proportional to the source voltage irrespective of changes in the offset voltage between the one generator output and the one load terminal. The load may include a meter and an amplifying stage for ranging and zeroing the meter.
摘要翻译： 本公开描述了与由信号发生器产生的源电压成比例的用于驱动诸如仪表的负载的改进的装置。 该装置包括用于在增益级输出和发生器输出之一之间产生放大电压的非差分增益级。 非差分增益级之后是差分级，其在差分级输出和负载端子之一之间产生重新引用的电压。 重新引用的电压与放大的电压成比例，并且基本上与一个发电机输出端和一个负载端子之间的任何偏移电压无关。 通过将重新引用的电压耦合到负载，负载电压与源电压成比例，而与一个发电机输出和一个负载端之间的偏移电压的变化无关。 负载可以包括用于测量和调零仪表的仪表和放大级。
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公开(公告)号：US3955139A
公开(公告)日：1976-05-04
申请号：US488650
申请日：1974-07-15
IPC分类号： G01M3/00 , G01R19/12 , G01R19/165 , G01R1/02 , G01R1/30
CPC分类号： G01R19/12 , G01M3/00 , G01R19/16585
摘要： Baseline drift and noise can produce difficulties in registering signals quantitatively without recourse to frequent rezeroing of the registering instrument. The invention provides a circuit in which the registering instrument only functions when a required signal is to be noted, the instrument at all other times being at a zero reading. The characteristics of a signal to be registered will be known. The circuit includes a differentiator which notes the rate of change of incoming signals and operates a switching device upon detecting a required rate of change to enable the signal to pass to the registering instrument. At all other times the registering instrument is isolated by the switching device. A comparator circuit can also be included to measure the magnitude of the signals which have the required rate of change as determined by the differentiator and to prevent the passage of signals to the registering instrument which fail to reach a predetermined magnitude, for example a magnitude of 10% of full scale deflection of the registering instrument.
摘要翻译： 基线漂移和噪声在定量记录信号方面难以产生，而无需频繁地重新归零登记仪器。 本发明提供了一种电路，其中登记仪器仅在需要注意所需信号时才起作用，所有其他时间的仪器处于零读数。 要注册的信号的特性将是已知的。 该电路包括一个微分器，其记录输入信号的变化率，并且在检测到所需的变化率以使得信号能够传递到登记仪器时操作开关装置。 在其他时间，注册仪器由开关装置隔离。 还可以包括比较器电路以测量由微分器确定的具有所需变化率的信号的大小，并且防止信号通过到不能达到预定幅度的登记仪器，例如， 登记仪表满量程偏差的10％。
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公开(公告)号：US3867695A
公开(公告)日：1975-02-18
申请号：US41964673
申请日：1973-11-28
申请人： AVCO CORP
发明人： LAY JR LOWELL B , SANDERS ANDREW A
摘要： A recycling electrometer provides a digital signal from an analog signal and recycles to a zero signal condition. A comparator operational amplifier receives signals from an integrating operational amplifier incorporating a MOS FET transistor. When the output voltage of the integrating operational amplifier reaches a predetermined value, a relaydriver transistor is triggered by the comparator operational amplifier which pulls in a reed relay, discharges a capacitor connected for feedback across the integrating operational amplifier and generates a digital signal pulse.
摘要翻译： 回收电位器提供来自模拟信号的数字信号，并回收到零信号状态。 比较器运算放大器从包含MOS FET晶体管的积分运算放大器接收信号。 当积分运算放大器的输出电压达到预定值时，继电器驱动晶体管由比较器运算放大器触发，该放大器拉入一个干簧继电器，对集成运算放大器放电连接用于反馈的电容器，并产生数字信号脉冲 。
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公开(公告)号：US3840804A
公开(公告)日：1974-10-08
申请号：US36217973
申请日：1973-05-21
申请人： SAUERLAND F
发明人： SAUERLAND F
摘要： Apparatus for broadband measurement and automatic adjustment of piezoelectric-resonator frequencies, based upon phase comparison by means of a quadrature phase detector in an adjustable-phase transmission network.
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78.发明授权Electrical measurement instrument having an improved analog to digital converter 失效具有改进型数字转换器的电气测量仪器
公开(公告)号：US3790886A
公开(公告)日：1974-02-05
申请号：US3790886D
申请日：1971-10-04
申请人： KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS
摘要： An electrical measuring instrument is disclosed which may be used for measuring the magnitude of an unknown source, such as the magnitude of an A.C. signal, or the magnitude and polarity of a D.C. signal, or the resistance of a resistor. A voltage signal is developed having a magnitude dependent on the unknown source and this signal is applied to an analog to digital converter which employs a capacitor, a charging circuit and a discharging circuit. The capacitor charges at a rate dependent on the magnitude of the voltage signal. The stored energy crosses a given level and, then, in response to a clock pulse the capacitor is discharged at a known rate. The capacitor discharges through a particular level and the charging operation is thereafter commenced in response to another clock pulse. Counter and logic circuitry serve to provide an output indication of the magnitude of the unknown source as a function of a relationship of the number of clock pulses occurring during the discharge operations and a fixed number of clock pulses. Autoranging circuitry serves to sequentially uprange and downrange the scaling of the magnitude of an input signal prior to being applied to the analog to digital conversion circuitry. Other features are disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种电测量仪器，其可用于测量未知光源的幅度，例如交流信号的幅度，直流信号的幅度和极性，或电阻器的电阻。 开发出具有取决于未知源的幅度的电压信号，并且该信号被施加到采用电容器，充电电路和放电电路的模数转换器。 电容器以取决于电压信号幅度的速率进行充电。 存储的能量穿过给定的电平，然后响应于时钟脉冲，电容器以已知的速率放电。 电容器通过特定电平放电，然后响应于另一个时钟脉冲开始充电操作。 计数器和逻辑电路用于提供未知源的幅度的输出指示，作为在放电操作期间发生的时钟脉冲数与固定数量的时钟脉冲之间的关系的函数。 自动量程电路用于在施加到模数转换电路之前，依次对输入信号的幅度进行放大和缩小。 公开了其他特征。
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公开(公告)号：US3786349A
公开(公告)日：1974-01-15
申请号：US3786349D
申请日：1973-05-03
申请人： NORTHERN ELECTRIC CO
发明人： DEVENYI T
CPC分类号： G01R27/02 , G01N27/223 , G01R1/30
摘要： An instrument, for measuring the electrical reactance and loss characteristics of a sample, includes a means for applying an alternating electrical signal across the sample and deriving therefrom a voltage signal having a phase and magnitude relationship with the electrical signal, according to the reactance and loss characteristics of the element and a means for synchronously rectifying the voltage signal. An integrator produces an integral of the rectified voltage, the value of which is indicative of the value of one of the characteristics. The measurement is obtained at the end of one or more full cycles of the alternating electrical signal. The instrument is operable over a wide range of frequencies, for example from 0.01 Hz to 100 KHz. It is particularly useful at very low frequencies as it provides measurements more quickly than a typical reactance bridge or phase meter.
摘要翻译： 用于测量样品的电抗和损耗特性的仪器包括用于在样品上施加交替电信号的装置，并根据电抗和损耗从其中得到与电信号具有相位和幅度关系的电压信号 元件的特性和用于同步整流电压信号的装置。 积分器产生整流电压的积分，其值表示特性之一的值。 测量在交流电信号的一个或多个完整周期结束时获得。 该仪器可在宽范围的频率范围内操作，例如0.01Hz至100KHz。 它在非常低的频率下特别有用，因为它比典型的电抗桥或相位计更快地提供测量。
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公开(公告)号：US3726132A
公开(公告)日：1973-04-10
申请号：US3726132D
申请日：1969-04-28
申请人： MONSANTO CO
CPC分类号： G01N11/10 , G01N2203/0092 , G01R1/30
摘要： Testing apparatus which converts an electrical analog signal to digital form and then by the application of digital logic indicates and records departure from predetermined limits is disclosed. The apparatus also records in decimal form identification of the test composition specification limits and actual values at each test point over a selected testing range, over which range a parameter varies with time, and the value of the parameter is received in the form of an electrical analog signal.
摘要翻译： 将电气模拟信号转换为数字形式，然后通过应用数字逻辑的测试装置，显示和记录离开预定限制。 设备还以十进制格式记录测试组合规格限值和在选定测试范围内的每个测试点的实际值，参数随时间变化，参数值以电子形式接收 模拟信号。
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