公开(公告)号：US4565552A

公开(公告)日：1986-01-21

申请号：US669578

申请日：1984-11-07

申请人： Armand Cotton

发明人： Armand Cotton

IPC分类号： C05F17/00 ,  C12M1/107 ,  C02F3/30 ,  C05F11/08 ,  C12P5/02

CPC分类号： C05F17/0027 ,  C05F17/0018 ,  C12M21/04 ,  C12M23/36 ,  C12M41/16 ,  C12M41/18 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P20/145 ,  Y02W10/37 ,  Y02W30/43 ,  Y02W30/47 ,  Y10S435/801

摘要： In the mesophile production of biogas, the temperature of the liquid used during anaerobic, methanogenic, fermentation is raised to the required temperature (about 35.degree. C.) by aerobically prefermenting solid substrate at substantially ambient temperature and of appropriate moisture content to raise its temperature to a temperature greater than that required for the anaerobic, methanogenic, fermentation. Thereafter flooding the fermenting solid substrate with the liquid at substantially ambient temperature to increase the temperature of the liquid by heat exchange, and then removing the liquid and storing it in a heat insulated environment to reduce the moisture content of the solid substrate to a suitable degree. The above steps of aerobic prefermenting and flooding are repeated until the liquid has reached the required temperature, and then leaving the liquid in situ to enable anaerobic methanogenic fermentation to take place. In so doing the supply of external heat for the initial warming up of the substrate may be dispensed with, thereby improving the efficiency of the method.

摘要翻译： 在生物气体的生产中，在厌氧，产甲烷，发酵过程中使用的液体的温度通过在基本环境温度和适当的含水量下有利地选择固体基质并提高其温度（约35℃）而提高其温度 达到高于厌氧，产甲烷，发酵所需温度的温度。 此后，在基本环境温度下用液体淹没发酵固体基质，以通过热交换增加液体的温度，然后除去液体并将其储存在绝热环境中，以将固体基质的水分含量降低至合适的程度 。 重复上述有氧优选和淹水步骤，直到液体达到所需温度，然后将液体原位置于能够进行厌氧发酵发酵。 这样可以省去用于初始加热基板的外部热量的供给，从而提高该方法的效率。

公开(公告)号：US4514297A

公开(公告)日：1985-04-30

申请号：US558931

申请日：1983-12-07

申请人： Johan R. Enqvist

发明人： Johan R. Enqvist

IPC分类号： C02F11/04 ,  C02F3/28 ,  C02F103/00 ,  C12M1/107 ,  C12M1/06 ,  C12M1/02

CPC分类号： C02F3/28 ,  C12M21/04 ,  C12M27/06 ,  C12M29/14 ,  C12M29/18 ,  C12M29/24 ,  C12M33/16 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y10S435/801 ,  Y10S435/813

摘要： A reactor for the anaerobic digestion of organic sludge and for the production of methane gas, comprises an essentially horizontal cylindrical vessel provided with an agitator rotating around an essentially horizontal shaft, an inlet for introducing the sludge to be digested at one end of said vessel, at its opposite end an outlet for removing the digested matter from the vessel and in the upper portion of the vessel an outlet/outlets for the recovery of methane gas. For returning the solids settled on the bottom of the vessel from the outlet end of the vessel to the inlet end of the vessel, the vessel comprises a channel connecting the outlet end of the vessel with the inlet end of the vessel and a device for guiding the solids to the front of the return channel and for their transport through the return channel by means of gas.

摘要翻译： 用于厌氧消化有机污泥和用于生产甲烷气体的反应器包括基本上水平的圆柱形容器，其设置有围绕基本上水平的轴旋转的搅拌器，用于引入要在所述容器的一端被消化的污泥的入口， 在其相对端具有用于从容器和容器的上部除去消化物质的出口，用于回收甲烷气体的出口/出口。 为了将沉淀在容器底部的固体从容器的出口端返回到容器的入口端，容器包括将容器的出口端与容器的入口端连接的通道和用于引导的装置 固体返回到返回通道的前部，并通过气体输送通过返回通道。

公开(公告)号：US4511370A

公开(公告)日：1985-04-16

申请号：US406246

申请日：1982-08-04

申请人： Martin Hunziker ,  Albert Schildknecht

发明人： Martin Hunziker ,  Albert Schildknecht

IPC分类号： C12M1/107 ,  C02F11/04 ,  C02F3/30 ,  C12P5/02

CPC分类号： C12M21/04 ,  C12M23/36 ,  C12M23/58 ,  C12M45/02 ,  C12M45/20 ,  C12M47/02 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y10S435/801

摘要： Non-organic substances are separated from household garbage and the organic substances are fed in proportioned manner into a mixing tank (5) and converted into slurry by adding liquid. The slurry is crushed for homogenization purposes in a crushing means (10, 11) and passed into a closed holding container (13). It is then fed over a heat exchanger (15) and heated to 55.degree. to 60.degree. C. The slurry passes into a plurality of reaction vessels (16) in which the methane gas and carbon dioxide are produced. In a separating plant (22), the mixture of gaseous products is broken down into its components and some of the methane gas is recycled by bubbling it through both the holding tank and the reaction tank, the remainder being stored in gasholders (23). The organic substances are degraded much more rapidly through increasing the degradation temperature and as a result constructional expenditure can be reduced.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / CH81 / 00137 Sec。 371日期1982年8月4日 102（e）日期1982年8月4日PCT提交1981年12月4日PCT公布。 出版物WO82 / 02059 日期：1982年6月24日。非有机物质与家庭垃圾分离，有机物质按比例进料到混合罐（5）中，并通过加入液体转化成浆料。 在粉碎装置（10,11）中将浆料粉碎以用于均化目的，并且进入封闭的保持容器（13）中。 然后将其送入热交换器（15）并加热至55℃至60℃。浆料进入多个产生甲烷气体和二氧化碳的反应容器（16）。 在分离设备（22）中，气体产物的混合物被分解成其组分，并且一些甲烷气体通过鼓泡通过储存罐和反应罐再循环，其余的被储存在气体保持器（23）中。 有机物质通过提高降解温度而迅速降解，结果可以减少施工费用。

公开(公告)号：US4491522A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-01

申请号：US551730

申请日：1983-11-15

申请人： Masahiko Ishida ,  Ryoichi Haga ,  Tadashi Ishibashi ,  Yoji Odawara

发明人： Masahiko Ishida ,  Ryoichi Haga ,  Tadashi Ishibashi ,  Yoji Odawara

IPC分类号： B09B3/00 ,  C02F3/28 ,  C02F3/30 ,  C02F11/04

CPC分类号： C02F3/28 ,  C02F3/30 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y10S435/801

摘要： The present invention relates to an anaerobic digestion process for organic wastes with a high efficiency and an improved recovery rate of methane.This process comprises the following steps: (1) anaerobically digesting organic wastes under simultaneous presence of facultative anaerobic bacteria and obligatory anaerobic bacteria, (2) separating the anaerobically digested slurry obtained from the step (1) into a liquor fraction containing the two groups of bacteria and an undecomposed solid fraction, (3) mixing the liquor fraction obtained from the step (2) with the surplus activated sludge slurry produced by anaerobically treating organic waste water, under anaerobic condition, (4) separating the mixed slurry obtained from the step (3) into a solid fraction containing the surplus activated sludge which has absorbed the two groups of bacteria and a liquor fraction, and recycling back the solid fraction obtained from the step (4) as the sources of the two groups of bacteria and nitrogen to the step (1).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种具有高效率和提高甲烷回收率的有机废物的厌氧消化方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：（1）在兼性厌氧菌和强制性厌氧菌同时存在下厌氧消化有机废物，（2）将由步骤（1）获得的厌氧消化浆液分离成含有两组 细菌和未分解的固体部分，（3）将在步骤（2）中获得的液体馏分与在厌氧条件下厌氧处理有机废水产生的剩余活性污泥浆混合，（4）将从步骤 （3）成为含有吸收了两组细菌和液体馏分的剩余活性污泥的固体成分，将从步骤（4）获得的固体成分作为两组细菌和氮源的来源循环回到 步骤（1）。

公开(公告)号：US4490466A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-25

申请号：US480430

申请日：1983-03-30

申请人： Robert O. Horwath

发明人： Robert O. Horwath

IPC分类号： C12Q1/04 ,  C12Q1/40

CPC分类号： C12Q1/04 ,  C12Q1/40 ,  G01N2333/32 ,  G01N2333/924 ,  Y10S435/801

摘要： Described is a process for screening of microorganisms for the production of amylolytic enzymes. Microorganisms capable of amylolytic enzyme synthesis and growing on the surface of a solid medium are detected by identifying a zone of hydrolyzed starch surrounding each microorganism. The process is particularly useful for the detection of .alpha.-amylase activity in strains of Bacillus licheniformis as it employs a selection step under anaerobic conditions prior to the detection of the enzyme.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于筛选用于产生淀粉分解酶的微生物的方法。 通过鉴定每个微生物周围的水解淀粉的区域来检测能够在淀粉分解酶合成并在固体培养基表面生长的微生物。 该方法特别可用于检测地衣芽孢杆菌菌株中的α-淀粉酶活性，因为它在检测酶之前在厌氧条件下采用选择步骤。

公开(公告)号：US4395488A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-26

申请号：US301718

申请日：1981-09-14

申请人： Delton J. Rowe

发明人： Delton J. Rowe

IPC分类号： C12P7/06

CPC分类号： C12P7/06 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y10S435/801 ,  Y10S435/819

摘要： Ethanol (C.sub.2 H.sub.5 OH) is produced efficiently by employing a drive-through pit in which carbohydrate-containing material is fermented by hydrolyzing agents such as enzymes. The configuration and depth of the pit are such as to permit conventional farm vehicles to have ready access to the pit, thereby enabling the pit to be loaded and unloaded conveniently. The pit is insulated on its sides and bottom and is closed at the top by a heat-insulating cover. The pit is heated to assist the fermentation process. After several days of heating, the pit is drained through a sediment trap and the filtered pit drainage is separated into concentrated ethanol and a mixture of water and enzymes. The solid residue left in the pit is removed for use as feed or fertilizer. The separated water and hydrolyzing agents are stored in a reservoir for subsequent flooding of the pit when a new quantity of carbohydrate-containing material is added to the pit.

摘要翻译： 通过采用含碳水化合物的材料通过诸如酶的水解剂发酵的贯穿孔有效地生产乙醇（C 2 H 5 OH）。 坑的构造和深度使得常规农用车辆能够容易地进入坑，从而使坑能够方便地装载和卸载。 坑在其侧面和底部是绝缘的，并且在顶部由隔热盖封闭。 加热坑以帮助发酵过程。 加热几天后，通过沉淀池排出坑，将过滤的坑排水分离成浓缩的乙醇和水和酶的混合物。 残留在坑中的固体残留物用作饲料或肥料。 当将新的含碳水化合物的材料添加到坑中时，将分离的水和水解剂储存在储存器中用于随后的淹水。

公开(公告)号：US4385117A

公开(公告)日：1983-05-24

申请号：US317702

申请日：1981-11-02

申请人： Lars G. Ljungdahl ,  Laura H. Carriera

发明人： Lars G. Ljungdahl ,  Laura H. Carriera

IPC分类号： C12N1/20 ,  C12N15/00 ,  C12N15/01 ,  C12P7/06

CPC分类号： C12R1/01 ,  C12P7/065 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y10S435/801

摘要： Derivatives of the newly discovered microorganism Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus which under anaerobic and thermophilic conditions continuously ferment substrates such as starch, cellobiose, glucose, xylose and other sugars to produce recoverable amounts of ethanol solving the problem of fermentations yielding low concentrations of ethanol using the parent strain of the microorganism Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus are disclosed. These new derivatives are ethanol tolerant up to 10% (v/v) ethanol during fermentation. The process includes the use of an aqueous fermentation medium, containing the substrate at a substrate concentration greater than 1% (w/v).

摘要翻译： 新发现的微生物嗜热厌氧杆菌的衍生物，其在厌氧和嗜热条件下连续地发酵底物如淀粉，纤维二糖，葡萄糖，木糖和其他糖，以产生可回收量的乙醇，其解决使用亲本菌株产生低浓度乙醇的发酵问题 公开了微生物热厌氧杆菌。 这些新衍生物在发酵过程中乙醇耐受高达10％（v / v）乙醇。 该方法包括使用含有底物浓度大于1％（w / v）的底物的含水发酵培养基。

公开(公告)号：US4355111A

公开(公告)日：1982-10-19

申请号：US153919

申请日：1980-05-28

申请人： Masaki Shimizu ,  Takeo Nomura

发明人： Masaki Shimizu ,  Takeo Nomura

IPC分类号： B01L3/14 ,  C12M1/24 ,  C12N1/00

CPC分类号： C12M23/08 ,  B01L3/50825 ,  C12M23/38 ,  Y10S435/801

摘要： A device for culturing microorganisms includes a vessel having a mouth for containing a culture medium and a stopper member for hermetically sealing the vessel. The stopper member is provided with a through hole on its peripheral wall for communicating with the inner atmosphere of said vessel.

摘要翻译： 用于培养微生物的装置包括具有用于容纳培养基的口的容器和用于气密密封容器的止挡构件。 止动构件在其周壁上设置有与所述容器的内部气氛连通的通孔。

公开(公告)号：US4329428A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-11

申请号：US117374

申请日：1980-01-31

申请人： Sambhunath Ghosh ,  Donald L. Klass

发明人： Sambhunath Ghosh ,  Donald L. Klass

IPC分类号： C12P5/02

CPC分类号： C12P5/023 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y10S435/801

摘要： A process for improved methane production resulting in higher yield and higher production rates by anaerobic digestion of a mixture of plant material and organic waste. The process is suitable for production of synthetic natural gas and through anaerobic digestion of a mixture of plant material and organic waste allows better matching of organic waste and plant material feed supplies for year round operation. The process of this invention results in digester effluent which is easily dewatered and has a low concentration of soluble organics, providing easy disposal and recycling to the digester. The process of this invention may be used for methane production from plant material which is, by itself, recalcitrant to anaerobic digestion.

摘要翻译： 一种改善甲烷生产的方法，通过厌氧消化植物材料和有机废物的混合物，可以获得更高的产量和更高的产量。 该方法适用于生产合成天然气，通过植物材料和有机废物混合物的厌氧消化，可以更好地匹配有机废物和植物原料饲料供全年运行。 本发明的方法导致消化池流出物容易脱水并具有低浓度的可溶性有机物，提供易于处理和回收到消化器。 本发明的方法可以用于本身就是厌氧消化的植物材料的甲烷生产。

公开(公告)号：US4289855A

公开(公告)日：1981-09-15

申请号：US971830

申请日：1978-12-19

申请人： Donald C. Whitley

发明人： Donald C. Whitley

IPC分类号： B01J35/02 ,  C01B5/00 ,  C12M1/04 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J35/04

CPC分类号： C01B5/00 ,  B01J35/02 ,  C12M41/34 ,  Y10S435/801

摘要： Safety catalyst systems and their use in chemical reactions carried out in the gas phase, wherein the safety catalyst system comprises pelleted catalyst held loose in and throughout the holes and folds of a folded or rolled up metal foil net which is inside a container having holes for the inflow and outflow of gases. The safety catalyst system of the invention does not allow the formation of localized hot-spots or allow free catalyst dust to escape from the system, both of which are known disadvantages of prior art systems.

摘要翻译： 安全催化剂体系及其在气相中进行的化学反应中的应用，其中安全催化剂体系包括沉淀的催化剂体系，该催化剂体系包含在折叠或卷起的金属箔网中的整个孔中的整个孔和折叠物， 气体的流入和流出。 本发明的安全催化剂体系不允许形成局部热点或允许游离催化剂粉尘从系统逸出，这两者都是现有技术系统的已知缺点。