Abstract:
A method for lowering the sodium content of different carriers which may have different physical properties as well as varying degrees of sodium is provided. The method, which lowers the sodium content from the surface, subsurface as well as the binding layer of the carrier, includes contacting a carrier with water. A rinse solution is recovered from the contacting. The rinse solution includes leached sodium from the carrier. The sodium content in the rinse solution is then determined. The contacting, recovering and determining are repeated until a steady state in the sodium content is achieved.
Abstract:
A high selectivity catalyst start-up process is provided in which an excess level of chloride moderator (greater than 1 ppm) is present in the feed gas composition during each of the various stages of the start-up process. The excess level of chloride used in the start-up process maintains a low level of selectivity (less than 86%) during the entire start-up process. Despite the low selectivity values achieved during the start-up process of the present disclosure, high selectivity catalysts that are conditioned by such a start-up process exhibit improved catalyst performance during the normal operation of the catalyst.
Abstract:
A method for lowering the sodium content of different carriers which may have different physical properties as well as varying degrees of sodium is provided. The method, which lowers the sodium content from the surface, subsurface as well as the binding layer of the carrier, includes contacting a carrier with water. A rinse solution is recovered from the contacting. The rinse solution includes leached sodium from the carrier. The sodium content in the rinse solution is then determined. The contacting, recovering and determining are repeated until a steady state in the sodium content is achieved.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of ethanolamines comprising reacting a water-ammonia solution comprising ammonia and water with ethylene oxide.
Abstract:
A method for producing a catalyst effective in the oxidative conversion of ethylene to ethylene oxide, the method comprising subjecting a refractory carrier impregnated with a liquid silver-containing solution to a calcination process, wherein the calcination process comprises a solvent removal step in which the silver-impregnated carrier is heated to a base temperature (Tbase) of at least 80° C. and up to about 200° C. to produce a dry carrier impregnated with ionic silver, followed by a silver reduction step in which the dry carrier is gradually heated above the base temperature to a maximum temperature (Tmax) of at least 350° C. and up to about 500° C. and then gradually cooled to the base temperature, wherein the method is conducted such that (Tbase−Tmax)×HW is at least 2000 min.° C. wherein HW is a full width at half maximum of a temperature versus time curve delineated by the silver reduction step.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an improved carrier for an ethylene epoxidation catalyst, the carrier comprising alumina in combination with a stability-enhancing amount of mullite. The invention is also directed to an improved catalyst containing the improved carrier, as well as an improved process for the epoxidation of ethylene using the catalyst of the invention.
Abstract:
A system for monitoring a process determined by a set of process data in a multidimensional process data domain pertaining to process input-output data, the system comprising: means for acquiring a plurality of historic process data sets; means for obtaining a transformation from the multidimensional process data domain to a model data domain of lower dimension by performing multivariate data analysis; and means for transforming a current process data set to a model data set to monitor the process.
Abstract:
A carrier for an ethylene epoxidation catalyst is provided that includes an alumina first component and a mixed metal oxide of alumina second component. The mixed metal oxide of alumina second component comprises a corundum lattice structure having a plurality of O—Al—O bonds, wherein an Al atom of at least one O—Al—O bond of the plurality of O—Al—O bonds, but not all of the plurality of O—Al—O bonds, is replaced with a divalent or trivalent transition metal selected from the group consisting of scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). A catalyst containing the carrier, as well as a process for the epoxidation of ethylene using the catalyst are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A method for the oxidation of ethylene to form ethylene oxide is provided that includes passing an aqueous stream through a guard bed and one or more ion exchange treatment beds. The guard bed and the aqueous stream contain from about 0.2 to 20 wt % ethylene glycol. The guard bed contains a cross-linked polystyrene resin, partially functionalized with quaternary ammonium functional groups and the resin has a surface area of greater than 400 m2/g.
Abstract:
A method for the epoxidation of an olefin comprising the steps of reacting a feed gas composition containing an olefin, oxygen, and a moderator having a post-conditioning step where the catalyst is exposed to reactor feed having a chlorides concentration of from about 5 ppm to about 7 ppm and at a temperature of about 215° C. to about 225° C.